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Integrative Multi-omics Analysis to Characterize Human Brain Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4107-4121. [PMID: 33939164 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability. A better comprehension of stroke pathophysiology is fundamental to reduce its dramatic outcome. The use of high-throughput unbiased omics approaches and the integration of these data might deepen the knowledge of stroke at the molecular level, depicting the interaction between different molecular units. We aimed to identify protein and gene expression changes in the human brain after ischemia through an integrative approach to join the information of both omics analyses. The translational potential of our results was explored in a pilot study with blood samples from ischemic stroke patients. Proteomics and transcriptomics discovery studies were performed in human brain samples from six deceased stroke patients, comparing the infarct core with the corresponding contralateral brain region, unveiling 128 proteins and 2716 genes significantly dysregulated after stroke. Integrative bioinformatics analyses joining both datasets exposed canonical pathways altered in the ischemic area, highlighting the most influential molecules. Among the molecules with the highest fold-change, 28 genes and 9 proteins were selected to be validated in five independent human brain samples using orthogonal techniques. Our results were confirmed for NCDN, RAB3C, ST4A1, DNM1L, A1AG1, A1AT, JAM3, VTDB, ANXA1, ANXA2, and IL8. Finally, circulating levels of the validated proteins were explored in ischemic stroke patients. Fluctuations of A1AG1 and A1AT, both up-regulated in the ischemic brain, were detected in blood along the first week after onset. In summary, our results expand the knowledge of ischemic stroke pathology, revealing key molecules to be further explored as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Weiss R, Bushi D, Mindel E, Bitton A, Diesendruck Y, Gera O, Drori T, Zmira O, Aharoni SA, Agmon-Levin N, Kashi O, Benhar I, Golderman V, Orion D, Chapman J, Shavit-Stein E. Autoantibodies to Annexin A2 and cerebral thrombosis: Insights from a mouse model. Lupus 2021; 30:775-784. [PMID: 33554716 PMCID: PMC8020307 DOI: 10.1177/0961203321992117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder manifested by
thromboembolic events, recurrent spontaneous abortions and elevated titers
of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. In addition, the presence of
antiphospholipid antibodies seems to confer a fivefold higher risk for
stroke or transient ischemic attack. Although the major antigen of APS is
β2 glycoprotein I, it is now well established that
antiphospholipid antibodies are heterogeneous and bind to various targets.
Recently, antibodies to Annexin A2 (ANXA2) have been reported in APS. This
is of special interest since data indicated ANXA2 as a key player in
fibrinolysis. Therefore, in the present study we assessed whether anti-ANXA2
antibodies play a pathological role in thrombosis associated disease. Materials and Methods Mice were induced to produce anti-ANXA2 antibodies by immunization with ANXA2
(iANXA2) and control mice were immunized with adjuvant only. A middle
cerebral artery occlusion stroke model was applied to the mice. The outcome
of stroke severity was assessed and compared between the two groups. Results Our results indicate that antibodies to ANXA2 lead to a more severe stroke as
demonstrated by a significant larger stroke infarct volume (iANXA2
133.9 ± 3.3 mm3 and control 113.7 ± 7.4 mm3;
p = 0.017) and a more severe neurological outcome (iANXA2 2.2 ± 0.2, and
control 1.5 ± 0.18; p = 0.03). Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that auto-antibodies to ANXA2 are an
independent risk factor for cerebral thrombosis. Consequently, we propose
screening for anti-ANXA2 antibodies should be more widely used and patients
that exhibit the manifestations of APS should be closely monitored by
physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Weiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Bushi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Mindel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Almog Bitton
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Diesendruck
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orna Gera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Drori
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ofir Zmira
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shay Anat Aharoni
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nancy Agmon-Levin
- Angioedema and Allergy Department, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Kashi
- Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Benhar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Valery Golderman
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - David Orion
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Diabetes Mellitus/Poststroke Hyperglycemia: a Detrimental Factor for tPA Thrombolytic Stroke Therapy. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:416-427. [PMID: 33140258 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA) therapy has long been considered a mainstay in ischemic stroke management. However, patients respond to IV tPA therapy unequally with some subsets of patients having worsened outcomes after treatment. In particular, diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a clinically important vascular comorbidity that leads to lower recanalization rates and increased risks of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). In this short-review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in post-IV tPA worsening of outcome in diabetic stroke. Potential pathologic factors that are related to the suboptimal tPA recanalization in diabetic stroke include higher plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 level, diabetic atherogenic vascular damage, glycation of the tPA receptor annexin A2, and alterations in fibrin clot density. While factors contributing to the exacerbation of HT in diabetic stroke include hyperglycemia, vascular oxidative stress, and inflammation, tPA neurovascular toxicity and imbalance in extracellular proteolysis are discussed. Besides, impaired collaterals in DM also compromise the efficacy of IV tPA therapy. Additionally, several tPA combination approaches developed from experimental studies that may help to optimize IV tPA therapy are also briefly summarized. In summary, more research efforts are needed to improve the safety and efficacy of IV tPA therapy in ischemic stroke patients with DM/poststroke hyperglycemia.
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New progress in the approaches for blood–brain barrier protection in acute ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2019; 144:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li M, Zhou J, Jin W, Li X, Zhang Y. Danhong Injection Combined With t-PA Improves Thrombolytic Therapy in Focal Embolic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:308. [PMID: 29681849 PMCID: PMC5897498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hemorrhagic transformation, neurotoxicity, short treatment time windows, and other defects are considered as the major limitations for the thrombolytic therapy. This study is devoted to figure out whether Danhong injection (DHI) combined with tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) could extend the treatment time windows and ameliorate brain injury, hemorrhagic complication and BBB disruption after focal embolic stroke. Methods:In vitro, the combined concentrations of DHI and t-PA were added to wells reacted with plasminogen and D-Val-Leu-Lys-AMC. The optimum ratio of the combination of DHI plus t-PA was explored by detecting relative fluorescent. In vivo experiments, we firstly investigated the optimal dose of t-PA and Danhong injection for focal embolic stroke. The neurological deficit score, infarct volume and brain edema were assessed. Secondly, we proved that the combination group extended the thrombolytic window for treatment of focal embolic stroke. The neurological deficit score, infarct volume, brain edema and hemorrhagic complication were assessed, while levels of BAX, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in brain tissue were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, to ask whether combination therapy with DHI plus t-PA protected the blood-brain barrier in a rat model of focal embolic stroke, neurological deficit score, ELISA, RT-PCR, western blot and fluorescence were used to detect the indicators of blood-brain barrier, such as tight junction protein, blood-brain barrier permeability and related gene expression. Results:In vitro, plasmin activity assays showed that the combination of t-PA with DHI at about 1:1.6 w/v ratio increased by almost 1.4-fold the plasmin-generating capability of t-PA. In vivo experiments, the results showed that the combination of Danhong injection (4 mL/kg) and t-PA (2.5 mg/kg) could extend the t-PA treatment time windows to 4.5 h. And the combination t-PA (2.5 mg/kg) with DHI (4 mL/kg) ameliorated neurological score, cerebral infarction, brain edema, brain hemorrhage, and BBB disruption. Conclusion: Combination therapy with Danhong injection (4 mL/kg) plus t-PA (2.5 mg/kg) could extend the t-PA treatment time windows to 4.5 h, ameliorate BBB disruption, reduce infarction, brain swelling and hemorrhage after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Annexin A2 Plus Low-Dose Tissue Plasminogen Activator Combination Attenuates Cerebrovascular Dysfunction After Focal Embolic Stroke of Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:549-559. [PMID: 28580536 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed recombinant annexin A2 (rA2) in combination with low-dose tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) improved thrombolytic efficacy and long-term neurological outcomes after embolic focal ischemia in rats. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the combination in early BBB integrity and cerebrovascular patency in the rat focal embolic stroke model. Ischemic brain infarct volume and hemorrhagic transformation were quantified at 24 h after stroke. At an earlier time point, 16 h after stroke, BBB integrity was evaluated by IgG extravasation, and the involved mechanisms were assessed for tight junction ZO-1 and adhesion junction ve-cadherin protein expression, matrix metalloproteinase activation, extracellular matrix collagen IV and endothelial barrier antigen expression, and activation of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes. While at the same time point, cerebrovascular patency was assessed by intravascular fibrin and platelet depositions. At 24 h after stroke, the combination showed significant reduction in brain infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage. At 16 h after stroke onset, the combination therapy significantly reduced BBB disruption, and improved preservation of the junction proteins ZO-1 and ve-cadherin, decreased activation of matrix metalloproteinase, inhibited degradation of extracellular matrix collagen IV and endothelial barrier antigen, and reduced microglia/macrophage and astrocytes activations. Meanwhile, the combination also significantly improved cerebrovascular patency by reducing intravascular fibrin and platelet depositions in the peri-infarct brain tissues. These results suggest the beneficial effects of the rA2 plus low-dose tPA combination may be mediated in part by the amelioration of BBB disruption and improvement of cerebrovascular patency.
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Liu Y, Zheng Y, Karatas H, Wang X, Foerch C, Lo EH, van Leyen K. 12/15-Lipoxygenase Inhibition or Knockout Reduces Warfarin-Associated Hemorrhagic Transformation After Experimental Stroke. Stroke 2017; 48:445-451. [PMID: 28057806 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For stroke prevention, patients with atrial fibrillation typically receive oral anticoagulation. The commonly used anticoagulant warfarin increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) when a stroke occurs; tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment is therefore restricted in these patients. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) inhibition would reduce HT in warfarin-treated mice subjected to experimental stroke. METHODS Warfarin was dosed orally in drinking water, and international normalized ratio values were determined using a Coaguchek device. C57BL6J mice or 12/15-LOX knockout mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with 3 hours severe ischemia (model A) or 2 hours ischemia and tissue-type plasminogen activator infusion (model B), with or without the 12/15-LOX inhibitor ML351. Hemoglobin was determined in brain homogenates, and hemorrhage areas on the brain surface and in brain sections were measured. 12/15-LOX expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Warfarin treatment resulted in reproducible increased international normalized ratio values and significant HT in both models. 12/15-LOX knockout mice suffered less HT after severe ischemia, and ML351 reduced HT in wild-type mice. When normalized to infarct size, ML351 still independently reduced hemorrhage. HT after tissue-type plasminogen activator was similarly reduced by ML351. CONCLUSIONS In addition to its benefits in infarct size reduction, 12/15-LOX inhibition also may independently reduce HT in warfarin-treated mice. ML351 should be further evaluated as stroke treatment in anticoagulated patients suffering a stroke, either alone or in conjunction with tissue-type plasminogen activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- From the Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (Y.L., Y.Z., H.K., X.W., E.H.L., K.v.L.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China (Y.L.); and Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (C.F.).,Dr Karatas: Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yi Zheng
- From the Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (Y.L., Y.Z., H.K., X.W., E.H.L., K.v.L.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China (Y.L.); and Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (C.F.).,Dr Karatas: Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulya Karatas
- From the Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (Y.L., Y.Z., H.K., X.W., E.H.L., K.v.L.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China (Y.L.); and Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (C.F.).,Dr Karatas: Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- From the Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (Y.L., Y.Z., H.K., X.W., E.H.L., K.v.L.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China (Y.L.); and Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (C.F.).,Dr Karatas: Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christian Foerch
- From the Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (Y.L., Y.Z., H.K., X.W., E.H.L., K.v.L.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China (Y.L.); and Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (C.F.).,Dr Karatas: Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eng H Lo
- From the Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (Y.L., Y.Z., H.K., X.W., E.H.L., K.v.L.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China (Y.L.); and Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (C.F.).,Dr Karatas: Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- From the Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (Y.L., Y.Z., H.K., X.W., E.H.L., K.v.L.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China (Y.L.); and Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (C.F.). .,Dr Karatas: Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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