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Dong A, Gao Z, Wang H, Wu R, Wang W, Jin X, Ji Y, Yang F, Zhu T, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Guo J, Ji L. Acupuncture Alleviates Chronic Ischemic White Matter Injury in SHR Rats via JNK-NMDAR Circuit. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3144-3160. [PMID: 37976026 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
To study the protective mechanism of acupuncture at "Jiangya Recipe" on chronic ischemic white matter injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the regulation of Jun N-terminal kinase-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (JNK-NMDAR) loop. A hypertensive white matter injury model was established in 46 male SHR rats aged 11 weeks by bilateral common carotid artery tapering (SHR-2VGO). In the SHR sham operation group, only bilateral common carotid arteries were isolated and in the SHR-2VGO modeling group, 36 rats were used for microcoil spring clip implantation to narrow the common carotid arteries and then, after 2 weeks of modeling, rats with impaired motor function were removed, and SHR-2VGO rats with successful final models were randomly divided into the model group, JNK blocking group, and acupuncture group. The sham operation group, model group, and JNK blocking group underwent the same grasping fixation, and the acupuncture group received acupuncture at acupoints "Jiangya Fang" once daily. In the JNK blocker group, an injection cannula was implanted into the lateral ventricle and sp600125 was injected into the lateral ventricle at 4.5 ul/day for 4 weeks. One week after the end of the intervention, white matter lesions were detected by MRI DWI and T2 imaging, and the learning and memory ability of rats was tested by Y-Maze and Passive Avoidance. Myelin density was detected by luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, also axon arrangement, myelin integrity, and thickness of neurons were detected by electron microscopy; neuronal morphology and the number of Nissl bodies in the hippocampus were detected by Nissl staining, dendritic spine density changes were detected by Golgi staining, and JNK, NMDAR1, and N-methyl-D-receptor 2B (NMDAR2B) in DG, CA3 region of hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry, protein expression of p-JNK/JNK, p-NMDAR1/NMDAR1, NMDAR2B, GSK3β protein expression in the fimbria of hippocampus was detected by Western blot. The Y maze test of SHR-2VGO+Acu and SHR-2VGO+ sp600125 group showed that the spontaneous alternating reaction rate increased significantly. At the same time, the incubation period increased significantly and the number of errors decreased significantly in Passive Avoidance. MRI T2WI showed that the white matter high signal of the corpus callosum, internal capsule and hippocampal fimbria in the SHR-2VGO+ sp600125 and SHR-2VGO+Acu groups was significantly lower than that in the SHR-2VGO model group, and the striatum and anterior commissure were not obvious. DWI showed that the SHR-2VGO model group had scattered high signal and limited diffusion movement in both the internal capsule and striatum, but the difference between groups was not obvious. Compared with SHR-2VGO rats, LFB staining of SHR-2VGO + sp600125 and SHR-2VGO +Acu groups showed significant relaxation of myelin porosity in corpus callosum, striatum, inner capsule, anterior commissure and hippocampal fimbria, and electron microscopy showed improved axonal myelin integrity and thickness in corpus callosum region. Also, the number of blue patchy Nissl bodies increased, and the number and complexity of dendritic spines increased significantly in Golgi staining. Immunohistochemical detection showed that JNK levels in DG and CA3 region were increased and NMDAR1 and NMDAR2B levels were decreased in SHR-2VGO+Acu and SHR-2VGO+ sp600125 groups. Meanwhile, protein expressions of GSK3β, NMDAR1/p-NMDAR1 and NMDAR2B in fimbria of hippocampus were increased, and JNK/P-JNK protein expression decreased. Acupuncture can increase the density and thickness of myelin sheath in white matter areas of corpus callosum, anterior commissure and hippocampal fimbria, increase the number and length of hippocampal neuronal dendrites, and improve hypertensive white matter injury and cognitive decline through JNK-NMDAR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Dong
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Ronglin Wu
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Acupuncture and Massage, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaofei Jin
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yufang Ji
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Faming Yang
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Acupuncture and Massage, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Ziwen Jiang
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yongrong Xu
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Jilong Guo
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Laixi Ji
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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Murray GM, Sessle BJ. Pain-sensorimotor interactions: New perspectives and a new model. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2024; 15:100150. [PMID: 38327725 PMCID: PMC10847382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2024.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
How pain and sensorimotor behavior interact has been the subject of research and debate for many decades. This article reviews theories bearing on pain-sensorimotor interactions and considers their strengths and limitations in the light of findings from experimental and clinical studies of pain-sensorimotor interactions in the spinal and craniofacial sensorimotor systems. A strength of recent theories is that they have incorporated concepts and features missing from earlier theories to account for the role of the sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions of pain in pain-sensorimotor interactions. Findings acquired since the formulation of these recent theories indicate that additional features need to be considered to provide a more comprehensive conceptualization of pain-sensorimotor interactions. These features include biopsychosocial influences that range from biological factors such as genetics and epigenetics to psychological factors and social factors encompassing environmental and cultural influences. Also needing consideration is a mechanistic framework that includes other biological factors reflecting nociceptive processes and glioplastic and neuroplastic changes in sensorimotor and related brain and spinal cord circuits in acute or chronic pain conditions. The literature reviewed and the limitations of previous theories bearing on pain-sensorimotor interactions have led us to provide new perspectives on these interactions, and this has prompted our development of a new concept, the Theory of Pain-Sensorimotor Interactions (TOPSMI) that we suggest gives a more comprehensive framework to consider the interactions and their complexity. This theory states that pain is associated with plastic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) that lead to an activation pattern of motor units that contributes to the individual's adaptive sensorimotor behavior. This activation pattern takes account of the biological, psychological, and social influences on the musculoskeletal tissues involved in sensorimotor behavior and on the plastic changes and the experience of pain in that individual. The pattern is normally optimized in terms of biomechanical advantage and metabolic cost related to the features of the individual's musculoskeletal tissues and aims to minimize pain and any associated sensorimotor changes, and thereby maintain homeostasis. However, adverse biopsychosocial factors and their interactions may result in plastic CNS changes leading to less optimal, even maladaptive, sensorimotor changes producing motor unit activation patterns associated with the development of further pain. This more comprehensive theory points towards customized treatment strategies, in line with the management approaches to pain proposed in the biopsychosocial model of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M. Murray
- Discipline of Restorative and Reconstructive Dentistry, Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Darcy Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Barry J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry and Temerty Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology, and Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
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Niu J, Feng F, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Song R, Li J, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang M. Thrombospondin-2 Couples Pressure-Promoted Chondrogenesis through NF-κB Signaling. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:753-766. [PMID: 37219820 PMCID: PMC10352201 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies found that the mechanical stimulation promote chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), along with up-regulation of thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) on the mechanical pressure-stimulated chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the possible role of NF-κB signaling in the mechano-chemical coupling regulation toward chondrogenesis. METHODS Rat BMSCs were isolated, cultured and identified. The time-dependent expressions of TSP-2 and Sox9 in BMSCs under a dynamic mechanical pressure of 0-120 kPa at 0.1 Hz for 1 h were tested by qPCR and Western blotting. The role of TSP-2 in chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under mechanical pressure was validated by using small interfering RNA. The impact of TSP-2 and mechanical pressure on chondrogenesis were detected and the downstream signaling molecules were explored using Western blotting. RESULTS Mechanical pressure stimulation of 0-120 kPa for 1 h significantly upregulated the expression of TSP-2 in BMSCs. The expression of the chondrogenesis markers Sox9, Aggrecan, and Col-II were all upregulated under dynamic mechanical pressure or TSP-2 stimulation. Additional exogenous TSP-2 may potentiate the chondrogenic effect of mechanical stimulation. After knock down TSP-2, the upregulation of Sox9, Aggrecan and Col-II under mechanical pressure was inhibited. The NF-κB signaling pathway responded to both dynamic pressure and TSP-2 stimulation, and the cartilage-promoting effect was blocked by an NF-κB signaling inhibitor. CONCLUSION TSP-2 plays an essential role in the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under mechanical pressure. NF-κB signaling is involved in the mechano-chemical coupling of TSP-2 and mechanical pressure for the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
- The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Runfang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Li DY, Gao SJ, Sun J, Zhang LQ, Wu JY, Song FH, Liu DQ, Zhou YQ, Mei W. Targeting the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway to treat chronic pain. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:996-1003. [PMID: 36254980 PMCID: PMC9827765 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has been shown to act as a mediator involved in pain transmission and processing. In this review, we summarize and discuss the mechanisms of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway involved in chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, bone cancer pain, inflammatory pain, and morphine tolerance. The main process in the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in cells involves NO activating soluble guanylate cyclase, which leads to subsequent production of cGMP. cGMP then activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), resulting in the activation of multiple targets such as the opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. The activation of NO/cGMP signaling in the spinal cord evidently induces upregulation of downstream molecules, as well as reactive astrogliosis and microglial polarization which participate in the process of chronic pain. In dorsal root ganglion neurons, natriuretic peptide binds to particulate guanylyl cyclase, generating and further activating the cGMP/PKG pathway, and it also contributes to the development of chronic pain. Upregulation of multiple receptors is involved in activation of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in various pain models. Notably the NO/cGMP signaling pathway induces expression of downstream effectors, exerting both algesic and analgesic effects in neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain. These findings suggest that activation of NO/cGMP signaling plays a constituent role in the development of chronic pain, and this signaling pathway with dual effects is an interesting and promising target for chronic pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shao-Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Long-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan-He Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Correspondence to: Wei Mei, ; Ya-Qun Zhou, .
| | - Wei Mei
- Correspondence to: Wei Mei, ; Ya-Qun Zhou, .
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Liu YJ, Li YL, Fang ZH, Liao HL, Zhang YY, Lin J, Liu F, Shen JF. NMDARs mediate peripheral and central sensitization contributing to chronic orofacial pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:999509. [PMID: 36238833 PMCID: PMC9553029 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.999509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral and central sensitizations of the trigeminal nervous system are the main mechanisms to promote the development and maintenance of chronic orofacial pain characterized by allodynia, hyperalgesia, and ectopic pain after trigeminal nerve injury or inflammation. Although the pathomechanisms of chronic orofacial pain are complex and not well known, sufficient clinical and preclinical evidence supports the contribution of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs, a subclass of ionotropic glutamate receptors) to the trigeminal nociceptive signal processing pathway under various pathological conditions. NMDARs not only have been implicated as a potential mediator of pain-related neuroplasticity in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) but also mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we focus on the pivotal roles and mechanisms of NMDARs in the trigeminal nervous system under orofacial neuropathic and inflammatory pain. In particular, we summarize the types, components, and distribution of NMDARs in the trigeminal nervous system. Besides, we discuss the regulatory roles of neuron-nonneuronal cell/neuron-neuron communication mediated by NMDARs in the peripheral mechanisms of chronic orofacial pain following neuropathic injury and inflammation. Furthermore, we review the functional roles and mechanisms of NMDARs in the ascending and descending circuits under orofacial neuropathic and inflammatory pain conditions, which contribute to the central sensitization. These findings are not only relevant to understanding the underlying mechanisms, but also shed new light on the targeted therapy of chronic orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Han Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Lin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jie-Fei Shen Fei Liu
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jie-Fei Shen Fei Liu
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Nickel J, Gonzalez Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Iwasaki L. Chronic Pain-Related Jaw Muscle Motor Load and Sensory Processing. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1165-1171. [PMID: 35708459 PMCID: PMC9403723 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221099885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) may reflect muscle mechanoreceptor afferent barrage and dysregulated sensory processing. This observational study tested for associations between Characteristic Pain Intensity (CPI), physical symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-15 [PHQ-15]), and cumulative jaw muscle motor load (mV*s). In accordance with institutional review board oversight and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, adult subjects gave informed consent and were identified via Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC-TMD) examination and research protocols. Subjects were assigned to ±Pain groups using DC-TMD criteria for myalgia. CPI scores characterized pain intensity. PHQ-15 scores were surrogate measures of dysregulated sensory processing. Laboratory tests were performed to quantify masseter and temporalis muscle activities (mV) per bite force (N) for each subject. In their natural environments, subjects recorded day- and nighttime electromyography from which cumulative jaw muscle motor loads (mV*s) were determined for activities consistent with bite forces of >1 to ≤2 and >2 to ≤5 N. Data were assessed using univariate analysis of variance, simple effects tests, K-means cluster classification, and 3-dimensional regression analyses. Of 242 individuals screened, 144 enrolled, and 125 with complete data from study protocols, there were 35 females and 15 males for +Pain and 35 females and 40 males for -Pain. Subjects produced 324 daytime and 341 nighttime recordings of average duration 6.9 ± 1.7 and 7.6 ± 1.7 h, respectively. Overall, +Pain compared to -Pain subjects had significantly higher (all P ≤ 0.002) CPI and PHQ-15 scores. Cumulative jaw muscle motor loads showed significant between-subject effects for time, diagnostic group, and sex (all P < 0.003), where motor loads tended to be higher for daytime versus nighttime, +Pain versus -Pain groups, and males versus females. Two clusters were identified, and regression relations showed associations of low-magnitude daytime masseter motor load, PHQ-15, and CPI scores for cluster 1 (n = 105, R2 = 0.44) and cluster 2 (n = 18, R2 = 0.80). Furthermore, these regression relations showed thresholds of motor load and PHQ-15 scores, above which there were nonlinear increases in reported pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Nickel
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Y.M. Gonzalez
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Y. Wu
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - H. Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - L.R. Iwasaki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Effect of Restraint Stress on Pain Sensitivity, Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Neurons, and Astrocytes in the Masseter Area of Rats. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2345039. [PMID: 36035817 PMCID: PMC9410969 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2345039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To explore the changes of pain sensitivity (PS) in the masseter area (MA) in the rat model of psychological stress and the mechanism of action between spinal nucleus neurons and astrocytes in the trigeminal ganglion. The 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (no treatment), group A (restraint stress (RS) 1 d), group B (RS 7 d), and group C (RS 14 d). The body weight growth rates (WGR) of rats in each group were compared and the difference of CORT and ACTH in serum was analyzed by ELISA. The open field test and the elevated “cross” maze test were adopted to detect the behavioral changes of rats. Finally, pain threshold of the MA in rats, the activation amount of brain tissue medulla oblongata parts astrocytes markers Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the protein expression of IL-1β and IL-1RI were detected. The results showed the WGR at 7 d and 14 d was greatly lower than control group (P < 0.01). In addition, the activity level and serum CORT and ACTH levels AND mean pain threshold in the MA of groups B and C were greatly lower than control group (P < 0.05). The activation rate of GFRP in group C (P < 0.01) and the protein expression of IL-1β and IL-1RI (P < 0.05) in rat trigeminal ganglion astrocytes of groups B and C was greatly higher than control group, indicating the increase of RS time, the release of IL-1β and IL-1RI can activate neurons and astrocytes in spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) nerve and increase the PS of the MA.
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Bagues A, Girón R, Abalo R, Goicoechea C, Martín-Fontelles MI, Sánchez-Robles EM. SHORT-TERM STRESS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASES MORPHINE ANALGESIA IN TRIGEMINAL BUT NOT IN SPINAL INNERVATED AREAS IN RATS. Behav Brain Res 2022; 435:114046. [PMID: 35933048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plenty information exists regarding the effects of chronic stress, although few data exist on the effects of short-lasting stressors, which would mimic daily challenges. Differences in craniofacial and spinal nociception have been observed, thus those observations obtained in spinally innervated areas cannot be directly applied to the orofacial region. Although, opioids are considered amongst the most effective analgesics, their use is sometimes hampered by the constipation they induce. Thus, our aims were to study if a short-lasting stressor, forced swim stress (FSS), modifies nociception, morphine antinociception and constipation in rats. Animals were submitted to 10-20min of FSS for three days, nociception and gastrointestinal transit were studied 24h after the last swimming session. Nociception and morphine (0.6-5mg/kg) antinociception were evaluated in the formalin and hypertonic saline tests in the orofacial area and limbs. Morphine-induced modifications in the GI transit were studied through radiographic techniques. Naloxone was administered, before each swimming session, to analyse the involvement of the endogenous opioid system on the effect of stress. Overall, stress did not alter nociception, although interestingly it reduced the effect of morphine in the orofacial tests and in the inflammatory phase of the formalin tests. Naloxone antagonized the effect of stress and normalized the effect of morphine. Stress did not modify the constipation induced by morphine. Opioid treatment may be less effective under a stressful situation, whilst adverse effects, such as constipation, are maintained. The prevention of stress may improve the level of opioid analgesia. Keywords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bagues
- Área de Farmacología, Nutrición y Bromatología, Dpto. C.C. Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Alcorcón, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM).
| | - Rocío Girón
- Área de Farmacología, Nutrición y Bromatología, Dpto. C.C. Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Alcorcón, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM).
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología, Nutrición y Bromatología, Dpto. C.C. Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Alcorcón, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC); Working Group of Basic Sciences in Pain and Analgesia of the Sociedad Española del Dolor.
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Área de Farmacología, Nutrición y Bromatología, Dpto. C.C. Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Alcorcón, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM); Working Group of Basic Sciences in Pain and Analgesia of the Sociedad Española del Dolor.
| | - Ma Isabel Martín-Fontelles
- Área de Farmacología, Nutrición y Bromatología, Dpto. C.C. Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Alcorcón, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM); Working Group of Basic Sciences in Pain and Analgesia of the Sociedad Española del Dolor.
| | - Eva Ma Sánchez-Robles
- Área de Farmacología, Nutrición y Bromatología, Dpto. C.C. Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Alcorcón, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM).
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9
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Hasegawa M, Piriyaprasath K, Otake M, Kamimura R, Saito I, Fujii N, Yamamura K, Okamoto K. Effect of daily treadmill running exercise on masseter muscle nociception associated with social defeat stress in mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12882. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mana Hasegawa
- Division of Oral Physiology Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata City Japan
- Division of General Dentistry and Dental Clinical Education Unit Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata City Japan
| | - Kajita Piriyaprasath
- Division of Oral Physiology Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata City Japan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Naresuan University Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Masanori Otake
- Division of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata City Japan
| | - Rantaro Kamimura
- Division of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata City Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata City Japan
| | - Noritaka Fujii
- Division of General Dentistry and Dental Clinical Education Unit Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata City Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Division of Oral Physiology Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata City Japan
| | - Keiichiro Okamoto
- Division of Oral Physiology Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata City Japan
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10
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Zhao YJ, Liu Y, Wang J, Li Q, Zhang ZM, Tu T, Lei R, Zhang M, Chen YJ. Activation of the Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus Contributes to Masseter Hyperactivity Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:841133. [PMID: 35480958 PMCID: PMC9035558 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.841133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is commonly accepted to be closely associated with masticatory muscle disorder, which is the main symptom of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Previous studies have confirmed that exposure to stress may cause masticatory muscle hyperactivity. However, the central mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme), which resides in the brainstem, is the primary afferent center for masticatory proprioception and plays a key role in oral–motor movements by projecting to the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo). Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the role of Vme neurons in masseter overactivity induced by chronic stress. We found that subjecting mice to restraint stress (6 h/day) for 14 days caused significant anxiety-like behavior, obvious masseter overactivity, and markedly enhanced electrophysiological excitability of Vme neurons. By using anterograde tract tracing combined with immunofluorescence staining methods, we observed vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)-positive glutamatergic projections from the Vme to the Vmo. Moreover, chronic restraint stress (CRS) elevated the expression of VGLUT1 and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in Vmo. Furthermore, administration of VGLUT1-targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into the bilateral Vme significantly suppressed the enhanced overexcitability of Vme neurons, downregulated the overexpression of VGLUT1 and ChAT in the Vmo, and attenuated the elevated overactivity of the masseter caused by CRS. Taken together, we showed that CRS can excite neurons in the Vme, enhancing glutamatergic excitatory projections from the Vme to the Vmo and resulting in masseter muscle overactivity. These findings provide us with a novel central mechanism underlying the correlation between psychological factors and TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhou-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Teng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Min Zhang,
| | - Yong-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Jin Chen,
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11
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Puja G, Sonkodi B, Bardoni R. Mechanisms of Peripheral and Central Pain Sensitization: Focus on Ocular Pain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:764396. [PMID: 34916942 PMCID: PMC8669969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent ocular pain caused by corneal inflammation and/or nerve injury is accompanied by significant alterations along the pain axis. Both primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal nerves and secondary neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus are subjected to profound morphological and functional changes, leading to peripheral and central pain sensitization. Several studies using animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic ocular pain have provided insight about the mechanisms involved in these maladaptive changes. Recently, the advent of new techniques such as optogenetics or genetic neuronal labelling has allowed the investigation of identified circuits involved in nociception, both at the spinal and trigeminal level. In this review, we will describe some of the mechanisms that contribute to the perception of ocular pain at the periphery and at the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Recent advances in the discovery of molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to peripheral and central pain sensitization of the trigeminal pathways will be also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Puja
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Balazs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Bardoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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12
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Okamoto K, Hasegawa M, Piriyaprasath K, Kakihara Y, Saeki M, Yamamura K. Preclinical models of deep craniofacial nociception and temporomandibular disorder pain. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:231-241. [PMID: 34815817 PMCID: PMC8593658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common health problem. Cumulating evidence indicates that the etiology of TMD pain is complex with multifactorial experience that could hamper the developments of treatments. Preclinical research is a resource to understand the mechanism for TMD pain, whereas limitations are present as a disease-specific model. It is difficult to incorporate multiple risk factors associated with the etiology that could increase pain responses into a single animal. This article introduces several rodent models which are often employed in the preclinical studies and discusses their validities for TMD pain after the elucidations of the neural mechanisms based on the clinical reports. First, rodent models were classified into two groups with or without inflammation in the deep craniofacial tissues. Next, the characteristics of each model and the procedures to identify deep craniofacial pain were discussed. Emphasis was directed on the findings of the effects of chronic psychological stress, a major risk factor for chronic pain, on the deep craniofacial nociception. Preclinical models have provided clinically relevant information, which could contribute to better understand the basis for TMD pain, while efforts are still required to bridge the gap between animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Okamoto
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Mana Hasegawa
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Dental Clinical Education, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kajita Piriyaprasath
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kakihara
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8514, Japan
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13
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Neuroprotective Effect of Moxibustion on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Downregulating NR2B Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5370214. [PMID: 34733340 PMCID: PMC8560262 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5370214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective Stroke is a common and frequently occurring disease of the central nervous system, which is characterized by high mortality and a high disability rate. Moxibustion is a common method for treating stroke in traditional Chinese medicine, but its neuroprotective mechanism is unknown. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit 2B (NR2B) plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis. The objective of this study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of moxibustion on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury based on NR2B. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group, I/R group, I/R + moxibustion group, I/R + Ro25-6981 (NR2B antagonist) group, and I/R + Ro25-6981 + moxibustion group. The cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Before the establishment of the model, the Ro25-6981 group received intraperitoneal injections of Ro25-6981, the moxibustion group received moxibustion, and the Ro25-6981 + moxibustion group received both interventions. The neurological dysfunction was evaluated by a neurological deficiency score (NDS). The infarct volume was examined by TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining. The apoptosis rate of cerebral cells in the ischemic area was examined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) staining, and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 was observed by western blot. NR2B and JNK were also observed by western blot. Results Compared with the I/R group, moxibustion significantly decreased the neurological deficiency score (P < 0.05) and the infarct rate (P < 0.01) in I/R rats which were similar to those in the Ro25-6981 group. After moxibustion treatment, there was a significant decrease in the apoptosis rate (P < 0.001) and the protein expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, and JNK (P < 0.001) and an increase in the expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.01). Compared with the I/R group, moxibustion downregulated the expression of NR2B and decreased the activity of NR2B in the cerebral ischemia area (P < 0.001). Conclusions Moxibustion can improve neurological dysfunction and decrease infarction area and neuronal apoptosis caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Its neuroprotective mechanism may be related to downregulating the expression of NR2B.
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Wang Y, Han J, Zhu J, Zhang M, Ju M, Du Y, Tian Z. GluN2A/ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway Involved in Electroacupuncture Regulating Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hyperactivity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:703044. [PMID: 34658758 PMCID: PMC8514998 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.703044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis caused by stress will inevitably disrupt the homeostasis of the neuroendocrine system and damage physiological functions. It has been demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) can modulate HPA axis hyperactivity during the perioperative period. As the initiating factor of the HPA axis, hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the critical molecule affected by EA. However, the mechanism by which EA reduces CRH synthesis and secretion remains unclear. Activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been linked to over-secretion of hypothalamic CRH induced by stress. To determine whether NMDAR is involved in EA regulating the over-expression of CRH, a surgical model of partial hepatectomy (HT) was established in our experiment. The effect of EA on hypothalamic NMDAR expression in HT mice was examined. Then, we investigated whether the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway mediated by NMDAR was involved in EA regulating HPA axis hyperactivity. It was found that surgery enhanced the expression of hypothalamic CRH and caused HPA axis hyperactivity. Intriguingly, EA effectively suppressed the expression of CRH and decreased the activation of GluN2A (NMDAR subunit), ERK, and CREB in HT mice. GluN2A, ERK, and CREB antagonists had similar effects on normalizing the expression of CRH and HPA axis function compared with EA. Our findings suggested that surgery enhanced the activation of the hypothalamic GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway, thus promoting the synthesis and secretion of CRH. EA suppressed the phosphorylation of GluN2A, ERK, and CREB in mice that had undergone surgery, indicating that the GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway was involved in EA alleviating HPA axis hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minda Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanzhuang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Ettlin DA, Napimoga MH, Meira E Cruz M, Clemente-Napimoga JT. Orofacial musculoskeletal pain: An evidence-based bio-psycho-social matrix model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:12-20. [PMID: 34118294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a multidimensional experience comprising sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions. Clinical and research findings have demonstrated a complex interplay between social burdens, individual coping strategies, mood states, psychological disorders, sleep disturbances, masticatory muscle tone, and orofacial musculoskeletal pain. Accordingly, current classification systems for orofacial pain require psychosocial assessments to be an integral part of the multidimensional diagnostic process. Here, we review evidence on how psychosocial and biological factors may generate and perpetuate musculoskeletal orofacial pain. Specifically, we discuss studies investigating a putative causal relationship between stress, bruxism, and pain in the masticatory system. We present findings that attribute brain structures various roles in modulating pain perception and pain-related behavior. We also examine studies investigating how the nervous and immune system on cellular and molecular levels may account for orofacial nociceptive signaling. Furthermore, we review evidence pointing towards associations between orofacial musculoskeletal pain and neuroendocrine imbalances, sleep disturbances, and alterations of the circadian timing system. We conclude with several proposals that may help to alleviate orofacial pain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A Ettlin
- Clinic of Masticatory Disorders, Orofacial Pain Unit, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto e Centro De Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Meira E Cruz
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto e Centro De Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Sleep Unit, Cardiovascular Center of University of Lisbon, Lisbon School of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juliana Trindade Clemente-Napimoga
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto e Centro De Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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16
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Review of Literatures: Physiology of Orofacial Pain in Dentistry. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0535-20.2021. [PMID: 33820801 PMCID: PMC8086974 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0535-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review of the literature is to summarize the physiology of orofacial pain in dentistry, particularly physiology of the pain pathway and molecular mechanisms on pathophysiology of pain, on account of new insights into classification of orofacial pain related diseases. This article will also focus on possible mechanisms of neuropathic orofacial pain which is distinguished from other types of pain.
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17
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Chung MK, Wang S, Yang J, Alshanqiti I, Wei F, Ro JY. Neural Pathways of Craniofacial Muscle Pain: Implications for Novel Treatments. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1004-1012. [PMID: 32374638 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520919384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial muscle pain is highly prevalent in temporomandibular disorders but is difficult to treat. Enhanced understanding of neurobiology unique to craniofacial muscle pain should lead to the development of novel mechanism-based treatments. Herein, we review recent studies to summarize neural pathways of craniofacial muscle pain. Nociceptive afferents in craniofacial muscles are predominantly peptidergic afferents enriched with TRPV1. Signals from peripheral glutamate receptors converge onto TRPV1, leading to mechanical hyperalgesia. Further studies are needed to clarify whether hyperalgesic priming in nonpeptidergic afferents or repeated acid injections also affect craniofacial muscle pain. Within trigeminal ganglia, afferents innervating craniofacial muscles interact with surrounding satellite glia, which enhances the sensitivity of the inflamed neurons as well as nearby uninjured afferents, resulting in hyperalgesia and ectopic pain originating from adjacent orofacial tissues. Craniofacial muscle afferents project to a wide area within the trigeminal nucleus complex, and central sensitization of medullary dorsal horn neurons is a critical factor in muscle hyperalgesia related to ectopic pain and emotional stress. Second-order neurons project rostrally to pathways associated with affective pain, such as parabrachial nucleus and medial thalamic nucleus, as well as sensory-discriminative pain, such as ventral posteromedial thalamic nuclei. Abnormal endogenous pain modulation can also contribute to chronic muscle pain. Descending serotonergic circuits from the rostral ventromedial medulla facilitate activation of second-order neurons in the trigeminal nucleus complex, which leads to the maintenance of mechanical hyperalgesia of inflamed masseter muscle. Patients with temporomandibular disorders exhibit altered brain networks in widespread cortical and subcortical regions. Recent development of methods for neural circuit manipulation allows silencing of specific hyperactive neural circuits. Chemogenetic silencing of TRPV1-expressing afferents or rostral ventromedial medulla neurons attenuates hyperalgesia during masseter inflammation. It is likely, therefore, that further delineation of neural circuits mediating craniofacial muscle hyperalgesia potentially enhances treatment of chronic muscle pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Wang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - I Alshanqiti
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F Wei
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Y Ro
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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