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Jiang Y, Zhou R, Wu Y, Kong G, Zeng J, Li X, Wang B, Gu C, Liao F, Qi F, Zhu Q, Gu L, Zheng C. In vitro modeling of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury based on sphere differentiation culture from human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 439:114111. [PMID: 38823471 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury poses significant challenges due to its local and systemic complications. Traditional studies relying on two-dimensional (2D) cell culture or animal models often fall short of faithfully replicating the human in vivo environment, thereby impeding the translational process from animal research to clinical applications. Three-dimensional (3D) constructs, such as skeletal muscle spheroids with enhanced cell-cell interactions from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a promising alternative by partially mimicking human physiological cellular environment in vivo processes. This study aims to establish an innovative in vitro model, human skeletal muscle spheroids based on sphere differentiation from hPSCs, to investigate human skeletal muscle developmental processes and IR mechanisms within a controlled laboratory setting. By eticulously recapitulating embryonic myogenesis through paraxial mesodermal differentiation of neuro-mesodermal progenitors, we successfully established 3D skeletal muscle spheroids that mirror the dynamic colonization observed during human skeletal muscle development. Co-culturing human skeletal muscle spheroids with spinal cord spheroids facilitated the formation of neuromuscular junctions, providing functional relevance to skeletal muscle spheroids. Furthermore, through oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation treatment, 3D skeletal muscle spheroids provide insights into the molecular events and pathogenesis of IR injury. The findings presented in this study significantly contribute to our understanding of skeletal muscle development and offer a robust platform for in vitro studies on skeletal muscle IR injury, holding potential applications in drug testing, therapeutic development, and personalized medicine within the realm of skeletal muscle-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runtao Zhou
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixun Wu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganggang Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingguang Zeng
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xubo Li
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fawei Liao
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangze Qi
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qintang Zhu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canbin Zheng
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China.
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Pazzin DB, Previato TTR, Budelon Gonçalves JI, Zanirati G, Xavier FAC, da Costa JC, Marinowic DR. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids in Advancing Neuropathology Research and Therapies. Cells 2024; 13:745. [PMID: 38727281 PMCID: PMC11083827 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the groundbreaking impact of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and three-dimensional organoid models in propelling forward neuropathology research. With a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, neuromotor disorders, and related conditions, iPSCs provide a platform for personalized disease modeling, holding significant potential for regenerative therapy and drug discovery. The adaptability of iPSCs, along with associated methodologies, enables the generation of various types of neural cell differentiations and their integration into three-dimensional organoid models, effectively replicating complex tissue structures in vitro. Key advancements in organoid and iPSC generation protocols, alongside the careful selection of donor cell types, are emphasized as critical steps in harnessing these technologies to mitigate tumorigenic risks and other hurdles. Encouragingly, iPSCs show promising outcomes in regenerative therapies, as evidenced by their successful application in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Bottega Pazzin
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Thales Thor Ramos Previato
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - João Ismael Budelon Gonçalves
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
| | - Gabriele Zanirati
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
| | - Fernando Antonio Costa Xavier
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
| | - Daniel Rodrigo Marinowic
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
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3
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Giorgi C, Castelli V, d’Angelo M, Cimini A. Organoids Modeling Stroke in a Petri Dish. Biomedicines 2024; 12:877. [PMID: 38672231 PMCID: PMC11048104 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common neurological disorder, the second leading cause of death, and the third leading cause of disability. Unfortunately, the only approved drug for it is tissue plasminogen, but the therapeutic window is limited. In this context, preclinical studies are relevant to better dissect the underlying mechanisms of stroke and for the drug screening of potential therapies. Brain organoids could be relevant in this setting. They are derived from pluripotent stem cells or isolated organ progenitors that differentiate to form an organ-like tissue, exhibiting multiple cell types that self-organize to form a structure not unlike the organ in vivo. Brain organoids mimic many key features of early human brain development at molecular, cellular, structural, and functional levels and have emerged as novel model systems that can be used to investigate human brain diseases including stroke. Brain organoids are a promising and powerful tool for ischemic stroke studies; however, there are a few concerns that need to be addressed, including the lack of vascularization and the many cell types that are typically present in the human brain. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential of brain organoids as a novel model system for studying ischemic stroke, highlighting both the advantages and disadvantages in the use of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.G.); (V.C.)
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Usatova VS, Mishina NM, Berestovoy MA, Ivanenko AV, Jappy D, Krut' VG, Sokolov RA, Moshchenko AA, Rozov A, Shevchenko EK, Belousov VV. Hydrogen peroxide is not generated intracellularly in human neural spheroids during ischemia-reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:234-240. [PMID: 38158053 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered a primary source of damage during ischemic stroke. However, the precise timing of ROS production (during hypoxia or reperfusion) remains unclear. Cellular 3D spheroids are often proposed as an optimal alternative to both 2D cell cultures and animal models in modeling disease conditions. Here we report live imaging of hydrogen peroxide dynamics during the acute phase of hypoxia and reperfusion in human iPSC-derived neural spheroids, stably expressing fluorescent biosensor HyPer7. Contrary to previous reports, we did not observe a hydrogen peroxide production burst neither during hypoxia nor in course of reperfusion. Our data suggest either lack of oxidative stress during ischemia-reperfusion in spheroids or existence of different mechanisms of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika S Usatova
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalie M Mishina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Synthetic Neurotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Berestovoy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Ivanenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Viktoriya G Krut'
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Synthetic Neurotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rostislav A Sokolov
- Laboratory of Synthetic Neurotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Moshchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Rozov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Evgeny K Shevchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Synthetic Neurotechnologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 121205, Moscow, Russia.
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5
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DeGroat W, Abdelhalim H, Patel K, Mendhe D, Zeeshan S, Ahmed Z. Discovering biomarkers associated and predicting cardiovascular disease with high accuracy using a novel nexus of machine learning techniques for precision medicine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1. [PMID: 38167627 PMCID: PMC10762256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized interventions are deemed vital given the intricate characteristics, advancement, inherent genetic composition, and diversity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The appropriate utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methodologies can yield novel understandings of CVDs, enabling improved personalized treatments through predictive analysis and deep phenotyping. In this study, we proposed and employed a novel approach combining traditional statistics and a nexus of cutting-edge AI/ML techniques to identify significant biomarkers for our predictive engine by analyzing the complete transcriptome of CVD patients. After robust gene expression data pre-processing, we utilized three statistical tests (Pearson correlation, Chi-square test, and ANOVA) to assess the differences in transcriptomic expression and clinical characteristics between healthy individuals and CVD patients. Next, the recursive feature elimination classifier assigned rankings to transcriptomic features based on their relation to the case-control variable. The top ten percent of commonly observed significant biomarkers were evaluated using four unique ML classifiers (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Xtreme Gradient Boosting Decision Trees, and k-Nearest Neighbors). After optimizing hyperparameters, the ensembled models, which were implemented using a soft voting classifier, accurately differentiated between patients and healthy individuals. We have uncovered 18 transcriptomic biomarkers that are highly significant in the CVD population that were used to predict disease with up to 96% accuracy. Additionally, we cross-validated our results with clinical records collected from patients in our cohort. The identified biomarkers served as potential indicators for early detection of CVDs. With its successful implementation, our newly developed predictive engine provides a valuable framework for identifying patients with CVDs based on their biomarker profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William DeGroat
- Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers Institute for Health, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Habiba Abdelhalim
- Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers Institute for Health, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Kush Patel
- Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers Institute for Health, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Dinesh Mendhe
- Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers Institute for Health, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Saman Zeeshan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers Institute for Health, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Xie J, Zhang Z. Recent Advances and Therapeutic Implications of 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03790-1. [PMID: 38041714 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common disease with a high disability rate and mortality, which brings heavy pressure on families and medical insurance. Nowadays, the golden treatments for ischemic stroke in the acute phase mainly include endovascular therapy and intravenous thrombolysis. Some drugs are used to alleviate brain injury in patients with ischemic stroke, such as edaravone and 3-n-butylphthalide. However, no effective neuroprotective drug for ischemic stroke has been acknowledged. 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2OGDDs) are conserved and common dioxygenases whose activities depend on O2, Fe2+, and 2OG. Most 2OGDDs are expressed in the brain and are essential for the development and functions of the brain. Therefore, 2OGDDs likely play essential roles in ischemic brain injury. In this review, we briefly elucidate the functions of most 2OGDDs, particularly the effects of regulations of 2OGDDs on various cells in different phases after ischemic stroke. It would also provide promising potential therapeutic targets and directions of drug development for protecting the brain against ischemic injury and improving outcomes of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression, Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Zhao T, Yan Q, Wang C, Zeng J, Zhang R, Wang H, Pu L, Dai X, Liu H, Han L. Identification of Serum Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke in a Hypertensive Population Based on Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Neuroscience 2023; 533:22-35. [PMID: 37806545 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive individuals are at a high risk of stroke, and thus, prevention of stroke in hypertensive patients is essential. Metabolomics and lipidomics can be used to identify diagnostic biomarkers and conduct early assessments of stroke risk in hypertensive populations. In this study, serum samples were collected from 30 hypertensive ischemic stroke (IS), 30 matched hypertensive and 30 matched healthy participants. Metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were conducted via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate statistical methods. A random forest algorithm and binary logistic regression were used to screen the biomarkers and establish diagnostic model. We detected 21 differential metabolites and 38 differential lipids between the hypertensive IS and healthy group. Moreover, we found 18 differential metabolites and 31 differential lipids between the hypertensive IS and hypertension group. In particular, the following seven metabolites or lipids distinguished the hypertensive IS from the healthy group: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, cafestol, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:0p/18:2), PE (16:0e/20:4), (O-acyI)-1-hydroxy fatty acid (36:3), PE (16:0p/20:3) and PE (18:1p/18:2) (rep). The following seven biomarkers distinguished the hypertensive IS from the hypertension group: diglyceride (DG) (20:1/18:2), PE (18:0p/18:2), PE (16:0e/22:5), phosphatidylcholine (40:7), dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine (50:3), DG (18:1/18:2), and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid. The aforementioned panels had good diagnostic and predictive ability for hypertensive IS. Our study determines the metabolomic and lipidomic profiles of hypertensive IS patients and thereby identifies potential biomarkers of the presence of IS in hypertensive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China; Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Qianqian Yan
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China; Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China; Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China; Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Liyuan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China; Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Huina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China; Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Liyuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China; Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo 315000, China.
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8
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Walther J, Kirsch EM, Hellwig L, Schmerbeck SS, Holloway PM, Buchan AM, Mergenthaler P. Reinventing the Penumbra - the Emerging Clockwork of a Multi-modal Mechanistic Paradigm. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:643-666. [PMID: 36219377 PMCID: PMC10444697 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the ischemic penumbra was originally defined as the area around a necrotic stroke core and seen as the tissue at imminent risk of further damage. Today, the penumbra is generally considered as time-sensitive hypoperfused brain tissue with decreased oxygen and glucose availability, salvageable tissue as treated by intervention, and the potential target for neuroprotection in focal stroke. The original concept entailed electrical failure and potassium release but one short of neuronal cell death and was based on experimental stroke models, later confirmed in clinical imaging studies. However, even though the basic mechanisms have translated well, conferring brain protection, and improving neurological outcome after stroke based on the pathophysiological mechanisms in the penumbra has yet to be achieved. Recent findings shape the modern understanding of the penumbra revealing a plethora of molecular and cellular pathophysiological mechanisms. We now propose a new model of the penumbra, one which we hope will lay the foundation for future translational success. We focus on the availability of glucose, the brain's central source of energy, and bioenergetic failure as core pathophysiological concepts. We discuss the relation of mitochondrial function in different cell types to bioenergetics and apoptotic cell death mechanisms, autophagy, and neuroinflammation, to glucose metabolism in what is a dynamic ischemic penumbra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Walther
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Marie Kirsch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Hellwig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah S Schmerbeck
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul M Holloway
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Philipp Mergenthaler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Van Breedam E, Ponsaerts P. Promising Strategies for the Development of Advanced In Vitro Models with High Predictive Power in Ischaemic Stroke Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137140. [PMID: 35806146 PMCID: PMC9266337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stroke is one of the world’s leading causes of death and disability, and more than a thousand candidate neuroprotective drugs have been proposed based on extensive in vitro and animal-based research, an effective neuroprotective/restorative therapy for ischaemic stroke patients is still missing. In particular, the high attrition rate of neuroprotective compounds in clinical studies should make us question the ability of in vitro models currently used for ischaemic stroke research to recapitulate human ischaemic responses with sufficient fidelity. The ischaemic stroke field would greatly benefit from the implementation of more complex in vitro models with improved physiological relevance, next to traditional in vitro and in vivo models in preclinical studies, to more accurately predict clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss current in vitro models used in ischaemic stroke research and describe the main factors determining the predictive value of in vitro models for modelling human ischaemic stroke. In light of this, human-based 3D models consisting of multiple cell types, either with or without the use of microfluidics technology, may better recapitulate human ischaemic responses and possess the potential to bridge the translational gap between animal-based in vitro and in vivo models, and human patients in clinical trials.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroimmune Crosstalk in the Pathogenesis of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179486. [PMID: 34502395 PMCID: PMC8431165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke disrupts the homeostatic balance within the brain and is associated with a significant accumulation of necrotic cellular debris, fluid, and peripheral immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, cells, antigens, and other factors exit the brain into the periphery via damaged blood–brain barrier cells, glymphatic transport mechanisms, and lymphatic vessels, which dramatically influence the systemic immune response and lead to complex neuroimmune communication. As a result, the immunological response after stroke is a highly dynamic event that involves communication between multiple organ systems and cell types, with significant consequences on not only the initial stroke tissue injury but long-term recovery in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the complex immunological and physiological interactions that occur after stroke with a focus on how the peripheral immune system and CNS communicate to regulate post-stroke brain homeostasis. First, we discuss the post-stroke immune cascade across different contexts as well as homeostatic regulation within the brain. Then, we focus on the lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain and their ability to coordinate both immune response and fluid homeostasis within the brain after stroke. Finally, we discuss how therapeutic manipulation of peripheral systems may provide new mechanisms to treat stroke injury.
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