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Stuyt G, Godenzini L, Palmer LM. Local and Global Dynamics of Dendritic Activity in the Pyramidal Neuron. Neuroscience 2021; 489:176-184. [PMID: 34280492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the measurement and comparison of activity across compartments of the pyramidal neuron. Dendritic activity can occur both locally, on a single dendritic segment, or globally, involving multiple compartments of the single neuron. Little is known about how these dendritic dynamics shape and contribute to information processing and behavior. Although it has been difficult to characterize local and global activity in vivo due to the technical challenge of simultaneously recording from the entire dendritic arbor and soma, the rise of calcium imaging has driven the increased feasibility and interest of these experiments. However, the distinction between local and global activity made by calcium imaging requires careful consideration. In this review we describe local and global activity, discuss the difficulties and caveats of this distinction, and present the evidence of local and global activity in information processing and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Stuyt
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Luca Godenzini
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lucy M Palmer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Doostdar N, Airey J, Radulescu CI, Melgosa-Ecenarro L, Zabouri N, Pavlidi P, Kopanitsa M, Saito T, Saido T, Barnes SJ. Multi-scale network imaging in a mouse model of amyloidosis. Cell Calcium 2021; 95:102365. [PMID: 33610083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adult neocortex is not hard-wired but instead retains the capacity to reorganise across multiple spatial scales long into adulthood. Plastic reorganisation occurs at the level of mesoscopic sensory maps, functional neuronal assemblies and synaptic ensembles and is thought to be a critical feature of neuronal network function. Here, we describe a series of approaches that use calcium imaging to measure network reorganisation across multiple spatial scales in vivo. At the mesoscopic level, we demonstrate that sensory activity can be measured in animals undergoing longitudinal behavioural assessment involving automated touchscreen tasks. At the cellular level, we show that network dynamics can be longitudinally measured at both stable and transient functional assemblies. At the level of single synapses, we show that functional subcellular calcium imaging approaches can be used to measure synaptic ensembles of dendritic spines in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that all three levels of imaging can be spatially related to local pathology in a preclinical rodent model of amyloidosis. We propose that multi-scale in vivo calcium imaging can be used to measure parallel plasticity processes operating across multiple spatial scales in both the healthy brain and preclinical models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Doostdar
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Airey
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Leire Melgosa-Ecenarro
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nawal Zabouri
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Pavlina Pavlidi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Maksym Kopanitsa
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Centre for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Samuel J Barnes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Yan L, Fang Q, Zhang X, Huang B. Optimal Pipette Resistance, Seal Resistance, and Zero-Current Membrane Potential for Loose Patch or Breakthrough Whole-Cell Recording in vivo. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:34. [PMID: 32714153 PMCID: PMC7344171 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo loose patch and breakthrough whole-cell recordings are useful tools for investigating the intrinsic and synaptic properties of neurons. However, the correlation among pipette resistance, seal condition, and recording time is not thoroughly clear. Presently, we investigated the recording time of different pipette resistances and seal conditions in loose patch and breakthrough whole-cell recordings. The recording time did not change with pipette resistance for loose patch recording (Rp-loose) and first increased and then decreased as seal resistance for loose patch recording (Rs-loose) increased. For a high probability of a recording time ≥30 min, the low and high cutoff values of Rs-loose were 21.5 and 36 MΩ, respectively. For neurons with Rs-loose values of 21.5–36 MΩ, the action potential (AP) amplitudes changed slightly 30 min after the seal. The recording time increased as seal resistance for whole-cell recording (Rs-tight) increased and the zero-current membrane potential for breakthrough whole-cell recording (MPzero-current) decreased. For a high probability of a recording time ≥30 min, the cutoff values of Rs-tight and MPzero-current were 2.35 GΩ and −53.5 mV, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the MPzero-current receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was larger than that of the Rs-tight ROC curve. For neurons with MPzero-current values ≤ −53.5 mV, the inhibitory or excitatory postsynaptic current amplitudes did not show significant changes 30 min after the seal. In neurons with Rs-tight values ≥2.35 GΩ, the recording time gradually increased and then decreased as the pipette resistance for whole-cell recording (Rp-tight) increased. For the high probability of a recording time ≥30 min, the low and high cutoff values of Rp-tight were 6.15 and 6.45 MΩ, respectively. Together, we concluded that the optimal Rs-loose range is 21.5–36 MΩ, the optimal Rp-tight range is 6.15–6.45 MΩ, and the optimal Rs-tight and MPzero-current values are ≥2.35 GΩ and ≤ −53.5 mV, respectively. Compared with Rs-tight, the MPzero-current value can more accurately discriminate recording times ≥30 min and <30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Yan
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xingui Zhang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bowan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
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Ali F, Kwan AC. Interpreting in vivo calcium signals from neuronal cell bodies, axons, and dendrites: a review. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:011402. [PMID: 31372367 PMCID: PMC6664352 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.1.011402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcium imaging is emerging as a popular technique in neuroscience. A major reason is that intracellular calcium transients are reflections of electrical events in neurons. For example, calcium influx in the soma and axonal boutons accompanies spiking activity, whereas elevations in dendrites and dendritic spines are associated with synaptic inputs and local regenerative events. However, calcium transients have complex spatiotemporal dynamics, and since most optical methods visualize only one of the somatic, axonal, and dendritic compartments, a straightforward inference of the underlying electrical event is typically challenging. We highlight experiments that have directly calibrated in vivo calcium signals recorded using fluorescent indicators against electrophysiological events. We address commonly asked questions such as: Can calcium imaging be used to characterize neurons with high firing rates? Can the fluorescent signal report a decrease in spiking activity? What is the evidence that calcium transients in subcellular compartments correspond to distinct presynaptic axonal and postsynaptic dendritic events? By reviewing the empirical evidence and limitations, we suggest that, despite some caveats, calcium imaging is a versatile method to characterize a variety of neuronal events in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ali
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Alex C. Kwan
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Yale University, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Address all correspondence to Alex C. Kwan, E-mail:
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Kerlin A, Mohar B, Flickinger D, MacLennan BJ, Dean MB, Davis C, Spruston N, Svoboda K. Functional clustering of dendritic activity during decision-making. eLife 2019; 8:46966. [PMID: 31663507 PMCID: PMC6821494 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The active properties of dendrites can support local nonlinear operations, but previous imaging and electrophysiological measurements have produced conflicting views regarding the prevalence and selectivity of local nonlinearities in vivo. We imaged calcium signals in pyramidal cell dendrites in the motor cortex of mice performing a tactile decision task. A custom microscope allowed us to image the soma and up to 300 μm of contiguous dendrite at 15 Hz, while resolving individual spines. New analysis methods were used to estimate the frequency and spatial scales of activity in dendritic branches and spines. The majority of dendritic calcium transients were coincident with global events. However, task-associated calcium signals in dendrites and spines were compartmentalized by dendritic branching and clustered within branches over approximately 10 μm. Diverse behavior-related signals were intermingled and distributed throughout the dendritic arbor, potentially supporting a large learning capacity in individual neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kerlin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Boaz Mohar
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Daniel Flickinger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Bryan J MacLennan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Matthew B Dean
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Courtney Davis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Nelson Spruston
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
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In-vivo optogenetics and pharmacology in deep intracellular recordings. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 325:108324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Grienberger C, Chen X, Konnerth A. Dendritic function in vivo. Trends Neurosci 2014; 38:45-54. [PMID: 25432423 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendrites are the predominant entry site for excitatory synaptic potentials in most types of central neurons. There is increasing evidence that dendrites are not just passive transmitting devices but play active roles in synaptic integration through linear and non-linear mechanisms. Frequently, excitatory synapses are formed on dendritic spines. In addition to relaying incoming electrical signals, spines can play important roles in modifying these signals through complex biochemical processes and, thereby, determine learning and memory formation. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the function of spines and dendrites in central mammalian neurons in vivo by focusing particularly on insights obtained from Ca(2+) imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Grienberger
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Brain Research Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Arthur Konnerth
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) and Center for Integrated Protein Sciences (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.
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Schramm AE, Marinazzo D, Gener T, Graham LJ. The Touch and Zap method for in vivo whole-cell patch recording of intrinsic and visual responses of cortical neurons and glial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97310. [PMID: 24875855 PMCID: PMC4038476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-cell patch recording is an essential tool for quantitatively establishing the biophysics of brain function, particularly in vivo. This method is of particular interest for studying the functional roles of cortical glial cells in the intact brain, which cannot be assessed with extracellular recordings. Nevertheless, a reasonable success rate remains a challenge because of stability, recording duration and electrical quality constraints, particularly for voltage clamp, dynamic clamp or conductance measurements. To address this, we describe "Touch and Zap", an alternative method for whole-cell patch clamp recordings, with the goal of being simpler, quicker and more gentle to brain tissue than previous approaches. Under current clamp mode with a continuous train of hyperpolarizing current pulses, seal formation is initiated immediately upon cell contact, thus the "Touch". By maintaining the current injection, whole-cell access is spontaneously achieved within seconds from the cell-attached configuration by a self-limited membrane electroporation, or "Zap", as seal resistance increases. We present examples of intrinsic and visual responses of neurons and putative glial cells obtained with the revised method from cat and rat cortices in vivo. Recording parameters and biophysical properties obtained with the Touch and Zap method compare favourably with those obtained with the traditional blind patch approach, demonstrating that the revised approach does not compromise the recorded cell. We find that the method is particularly well-suited for whole-cell patch recordings of cortical glial cells in vivo, targeting a wider population of this cell type than the standard method, with better access resistance. Overall, the gentler Touch and Zap method is promising for studying quantitative functional properties in the intact brain with minimal perturbation of the cell's intrinsic properties and local network. Because the Touch and Zap method is performed semi-automatically, this approach is more reproducible and less dependent on experimenter technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien E. Schramm
- Neurophysiology & New Microscopies Laboratory, INSERM U603 - CNRS UMR 8154, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Marinazzo
- Neurophysiology & New Microscopies Laboratory, INSERM U603 - CNRS UMR 8154, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Gener
- Neurophysiology & New Microscopies Laboratory, INSERM U603 - CNRS UMR 8154, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Lyle J. Graham
- Neurophysiology & New Microscopies Laboratory, INSERM U603 - CNRS UMR 8154, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Abstract
The neocortex is organized into macroscopic functional maps. However, at the microscopic scale, the functional preference and degree of feature selectivity between neighboring neurons can vary considerably. In the primary visual cortex, adjacent neurons in iso-orientation domains share the same orientation preference, whereas neighboring neurons near pinwheel centers are tuned to different stimulus orientations. Moreover, several studies have found greater orientation selectivity in iso-orientation domains than in pinwheel centers. These differences suggest that neurons sample local inputs in a spatially homogenous fashion and independently of the location of their soma on the orientation map. Here we determine whether dendritic geometry is affected by neuronal position on the orientation map. We labeled individual layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons with fluorescent dyes in specific domains of the orientation map in cat primary visual cortex and imaged their dendritic trees in vivo by two-photon microscopy. We found that the circularity and uniformity of dendritic trees is independent of somatic position on the orientation map. Moreover, the dendrites of neurons located close to pinwheel centers extend across all orientation domains in an unbiased fashion. Thus, unbiased dendritic trees appear to provide an anatomical substrate for the systematic variations in feature selectivity across the orientation map.
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Chhatbar PY, Kara P. Improved blood velocity measurements with a hybrid image filtering and iterative Radon transform algorithm. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:106. [PMID: 23807877 PMCID: PMC3684769 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural activity leads to hemodynamic changes which can be detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The determination of blood flow changes in individual vessels is an important aspect of understanding these hemodynamic signals. Blood flow can be calculated from the measurements of vessel diameter and blood velocity. When using line-scan imaging, the movement of blood in the vessel leads to streaks in space-time images, where streak angle is a function of the blood velocity. A variety of methods have been proposed to determine blood velocity from such space-time image sequences. Of these, the Radon transform is relatively easy to implement and has fast data processing. However, the precision of the velocity measurements is dependent on the number of Radon transforms performed, which creates a trade-off between the processing speed and measurement precision. In addition, factors like image contrast, imaging depth, image acquisition speed, and movement artifacts especially in large mammals, can potentially lead to data acquisition that results in erroneous velocity measurements. Here we show that pre-processing the data with a Sobel filter and iterative application of Radon transforms address these issues and provide more accurate blood velocity measurements. Improved signal quality of the image as a result of Sobel filtering increases the accuracy and the iterative Radon transform offers both increased precision and an order of magnitude faster implementation of velocity measurements. This algorithm does not use a priori knowledge of angle information and therefore is sensitive to sudden changes in blood flow. It can be applied on any set of space-time images with red blood cell (RBC) streaks, commonly acquired through line-scan imaging or reconstructed from full-frame, time-lapse images of the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Y Chhatbar
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC, USA
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