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Li D, Luo D, Wang J, Wang W, Yuan Z, Xing Y, Yan J, Sha Z, Loh HH, Zhang M, Henry TR, Yang X. Electrical stimulation of the endopiriform nucleus attenuates epilepsy in rats by network modulation. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:2356-2369. [PMID: 33128504 PMCID: PMC7732253 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuromodulatory anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for intractable epilepsy, but few patients achieve complete seizure control with thalamic DBS. Other stimulation sites may be considered for anti-seizure DBS. We investigated bilateral low-frequency stimulation of the endopiriform nuclei (LFS-EPN) to control seizures induced by intracortically implanted cobalt wire in rats. METHODS Chronic epilepsy was induced by cobalt wire implantation in the motor cortex unilaterally. Bipolar-stimulating electrodes were implanted into the EPN bilaterally. Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded using electrodes placed into bilateral motor cortex and hippocampus CA1 areas. Spontaneous seizures were monitored by long-term video-EEG, and behavioral seizures were classified based on the Racine scale. Continuous 1-Hz LFS-EPN began on the third day after electrode implantation and was controlled by a multi-channel stimulator. Stimulation continued until the rats had no seizures for three consecutive days. RESULTS Compared with the control and sham stimulation groups, the LFS-EPN group experienced significantly fewer seizures per day and the mean Racine score of seizures was lower due to fewer generalized seizures. Ictal discharges at the epileptogenic site had significantly reduced theta band power in the LFS-EPN group compared to the other groups. INTERPRETATION Bilateral LFS-EPN attenuates cobalt wire-induced seizures in rats by modulating epileptic networks. Reduced ictal theta power of the EEG broadband spectrum at the lesion site may be associated with the anti-epileptogenic mechanism of LFS-EPN. Bilateral EPN DBS may have therapeutic applications in human partial epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deng Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangyi Yuan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- College of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Sha
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Horace H Loh
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Milin Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas R Henry
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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CRF Mediates Stress-Induced Pathophysiological High-Frequency Oscillations in Traumatic Brain Injury. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0334-18.2019. [PMID: 31040158 PMCID: PMC6514440 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0334-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is not known why there is increased risk to have seizures with increased anxiety and stress after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Stressors cause the release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) both from the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and from CNS neurons located in the central amygdala and GABAergic interneurons. We have previously shown that CRF signaling is plastic, becoming excitatory instead of inhibitory after the kindling model of epilepsy. Here, using Sprague Dawley rats we have found that CRF signaling increased excitability after TBI. Following TBI, CRF type 1 receptor (CRFR1)-mediated activity caused abnormally large electrical responses in the amygdala, including fast ripples, which are considered to be epileptogenic. After TBI, we also found the ripple (120-250 Hz) and fast ripple activity (>250 Hz) was cross-frequency coupled with θ (3-8 Hz) oscillations. CRFR1 antagonists reduced the incidence of phase coupling between ripples and fast ripples. Our observations indicate that pathophysiological signaling of the CRFR1 increases the incidence of epileptiform activity after TBI. The use for CRFR1 antagonist may be useful to reduce the severity and frequency of TBI associated epileptic seizures.
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Differential inhibition of pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons along the rostrocaudal axis of anterior piriform cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8067-E8076. [PMID: 30087186 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802428115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial representation of stimuli in sensory neocortices provides a scaffold for elucidating circuit mechanisms underlying sensory processing. However, the anterior piriform cortex (APC) lacks topology for odor identity as well as afferent and intracortical excitation. Consequently, olfactory processing is considered homogenous along the APC rostral-caudal (RC) axis. We recorded excitatory and inhibitory neurons in APC while optogenetically activating GABAergic interneurons along the RC axis. In contrast to excitation, we find opposing, spatially asymmetric inhibition onto pyramidal cells (PCs) and interneurons. PCs are strongly inhibited by caudal stimulation sites, whereas interneurons are strongly inhibited by rostral sites. At least two mechanisms underlie spatial asymmetries. Enhanced caudal inhibition of PCs is due to increased synaptic strength, whereas rostrally biased inhibition of interneurons is mediated by increased somatostatin-interneuron density. Altogether, we show differences in rostral and caudal inhibitory circuits in APC that may underlie spatial variation in odor processing along the RC axis.
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Narla C, Scidmore T, Jeong J, Everest M, Chidiac P, Poulter MO. A switch in G protein coupling for type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptors promotes excitability in epileptic brains. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra60. [PMID: 27303056 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and stress increase the frequency of epileptic seizures. These behavioral states induce the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 40-amino acid neuropeptide neurotransmitter that coordinates many behavioral responses to stress in the central nervous system. In the piriform cortex, which is one of the most seizurogenic regions of the brain, CRF normally dampens excitability. By contrast, CRF increased the excitability of the piriform cortex in rats subjected to kindling, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. In nonkindled rats, CRF activates its receptor, a G protein (heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein)-coupled receptor, and signals through a Gαq/11-mediated pathway. After seizure induction, CRF signaling occurred through a pathway involving Gαs This change in signaling was associated with reduced abundance of regulator of G protein signaling protein type 2 (RGS2), which has been reported to inhibit Gαs-dependent signaling. RGS2 knockout mice responded to CRF in a similar manner as epileptic rats. These observations indicate that seizures produce changes in neuronal signaling that can increase seizure occurrence by converting a beneficial stress response into an epileptic trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakravarthi Narla
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tanner Scidmore
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jaymin Jeong
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada. Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Michelle Everest
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Peter Chidiac
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada. Department of Biology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Michael O Poulter
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada. Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada.
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Balanced feedforward inhibition and dominant recurrent inhibition in olfactory cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2276-81. [PMID: 26858458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519295113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the brain, the recruitment of feedforward and recurrent inhibition shapes neural responses. However, disentangling the relative contributions of these often-overlapping cortical circuits is challenging. The piriform cortex provides an ideal system to address this issue because the interneurons responsible for feedforward and recurrent inhibition are anatomically segregated in layer (L) 1 and L2/3 respectively. Here we use a combination of optical and electrical activation of interneurons to profile the inhibitory input received by three classes of principal excitatory neuron in the anterior piriform cortex. In all classes, we find that L1 interneurons provide weaker inhibition than L2/3 interneurons. Nonetheless, feedforward inhibitory strength covaries with the amount of afferent excitation received by each class of principal neuron. In contrast, intracortical stimulation of L2/3 evokes strong inhibition that dominates recurrent excitation in all classes. Finally, we find that the relative contributions of feedforward and recurrent pathways differ between principal neuron classes. Specifically, L2 neurons receive more reliable afferent drive and less overall inhibition than L3 neurons. Alternatively, L3 neurons receive substantially more intracortical inhibition. These three features--balanced afferent drive, dominant recurrent inhibition, and differential recruitment by afferent vs. intracortical circuits, dependent on cell class--suggest mechanisms for olfactory processing that may extend to other sensory cortices.
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Narla C, Dunn HA, Ferguson SSG, Poulter MO. Suppression of piriform cortex activity in rat by corticotropin-releasing factor 1 and serotonin 2A/C receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:200. [PMID: 26074770 PMCID: PMC4446537 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The piriform cortex (PC) is richly innervated by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and serotonin (5-HT) containing axons arising from central amygdala and Raphe nucleus. CRFR1 and 5-HT2A/2CRs have been shown to interact in manner where CRFR activation subsequently potentiates the activity of 5-HT2A/2CRs. The purpose of this study was to determine how the activation of CRFR1 and/or 5-HT2Rs modulates PC activity at both the circuit and cellular level. Voltage sensitive dye imaging showed that CRF acting through CRFR1 dampened activation of the Layer II of PC and interneurons of endopiriform nucleus. Application of the selective 5-HT2A/CR agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) following CRFR1 activation potentiated this effect. Blocking the interaction between CRFR1 and 5-HT2R with a Tat-CRFR1-CT peptide abolished this potentiation. Application of forskolin did not mimic CRFR1 activity but instead blocked it, while a protein kinase A antagonist had no effect. However, activation and antagonism of protein kinase C (PKC) either mimicked or blocked CRF modulation, respectively. DOI had no effect when applied alone indicating that the prior activation of CRFR1 receptors was critical for DOI to show significant effects similar to CRF. Patch clamp recordings showed that both CRF and DOI reduced the synaptic responsiveness of Layer II pyramidal neurons. CRF had highly variable effects on interneurons within Layer III, both increasing and decreasing their excitability, but DOI had no effect on the excitability of this group of neurons. These data show that CRF and 5-HT, acting through both CRFR1 and 5-HT2A/CRs, reduce the activation of the PC. This modulation may be an important blunting mechanism of stressor behaviors mediated through the olfactory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakravarthi Narla
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
| | - Henry A Dunn
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael O Poulter
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
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Birjandian Z, Narla C, Poulter MO. Corrigendum: Gain control of gamma frequency activation by a novel feed forward disinhibitory loop: implications for normal and epileptic neural activity. Front Neural Circuits 2014. [PMCID: PMC4139734 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kröcher T, Röckle I, Diederichs U, Weinhold B, Burkhardt H, Yanagawa Y, Gerardy-Schahn R, Hildebrandt H. A crucial role for polysialic acid in developmental interneuron migration and the establishment of interneuron densities in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Development 2014; 141:3022-32. [PMID: 24993945 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique glycan modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM and a major determinant of brain development. Polysialylation of NCAM is implemented by the two polysialyltransferases (polySTs) ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4. Dysregulation of the polySia-NCAM system and variation in ST8SIA2 has been linked to schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Here, we show reduced interneuron densities in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice with either partial or complete loss of polySia synthesizing capacity by ablation of St8sia2, St8sia4, or both. Cells positive for parvalbumin and perineuronal nets as well as somatostatin-positive cells were reduced in the mPFC of all polyST-deficient lines, whereas calretinin-positive cells and the parvalbumin-negative fraction of calbindin-positive cells were unaffected. Reduced interneuron numbers were corroborated by analyzing polyST-deficient GAD67-GFP knock-in mice. The accumulation of precursors in the ganglionic eminences and reduced numbers of tangentially migrating interneurons in the pallium were observed in polyST-deficient embryos. Removal of polySia by endosialidase treatment of organotypic slice cultures led to decreased entry of GAD67-GFP-positive interneurons from the ganglionic eminences into the pallium. Moreover, the acute loss of polySia caused significant reductions in interneuron velocity and leading process length. Thus, attenuation of polySia interferes with the developmental migration of cortical interneurons and causes pathological changes in specific interneuron subtypes. This provides a possible link between genetic variation in polyST genes, neurodevelopmental alterations and interneuron dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kröcher
- Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris Röckle
- Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Diederichs
- Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Weinhold
- Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannelore Burkhardt
- Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and CREST, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
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