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Štursová P, Budinská X, Nováková Z, Dobšák P, Babula P. Sports activities and cardiovascular system change. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S429-S444. [PMID: 38165749 PMCID: PMC10861254 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sports activity is generally considered to be beneficial to health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle. Sports activities significantly affect the cardiovascular system. A number of studies show that they significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as decrease cardiovascular mortality. This review discusses changes in various cardiovascular parameters in athletes - vagotonia/bradycardia, hypertrophy of heart, ECG changes, blood pressure, and variability of cardiovascular parameters. Because of its relationship to the cardiovascular system, VO2max, which is widely used as an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, is also discussed. The review concludes with a discussion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, particularly in relation to changes in the cardiovascular system in athletes. The review appropriately summarizes the above issues and points out some new implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Štursová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Dirr EW, Jiracek LG, Baekey DM, J Martyniuk C, Otto KJ, Zubcevic J. Subdiaphragmatic vagal nerve stimulation attenuates the development of hypertension and alters nucleus of the solitary tract transcriptional networks in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:606-617. [PMID: 37746712 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00016.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmented vagal signaling may be therapeutic in hypertension. Most studies to date have used stimulation of the cervical vagal branches. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic intermittent electric stimulation of the ventral subdiaphragmatic vagal nerve branch (sdVNS) on long-term blood pressure, immune markers, and gut microbiota in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a rodent model of hypertension characterized by vagal dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and low-grade inflammation. We evaluated the effects of sdVNS on transcriptional networks in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), a major cardioregulatory brain region with direct gut vagal projections. Male juvenile SHRs were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters and vagal nerve cuffs for chronic intermittent electric sdVNS, applied three times per day for 7 consecutive weeks followed by 1 wk of no stimulation. Blood pressure was measured once a week using telemetry in the sdVNS group as well as age-matched sham-stimulated SHR controls. At the endpoint, colonic and circulating inflammatory markers, corticosterone, and circulating catecholamines were investigated. Bacterial 16 s sequencing measured gut bacterial abundance and composition. RNA sequencing evaluated the effects of sdVNS on transcriptional networks in the NTS. SHRs that received sdVNS exhibited attenuated development of hypertension compared with sham animals. No changes in peripheral inflammatory markers, corticosterone, or catecholamines and no major differences in gut bacterial diversity and composition were observed following sdVNS, apart from decreased abundance of Defluviitaleaceale bacterium detected in sdVNS SHRs compared with sham animals. RNA sequencing revealed significant sdVNS-dependent modulation of select NTS transcriptional networks, including catecholaminergic and corticosteroid networks.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that stimulation of the ventral subdiaphragmatic vagal nerve branch may be a promising potential approach to treating hypertension. The data are especially encouraging given that rodents received only 30 min per day of intermittent stimulation therapy and in view of the potential of long-term blood pressure effects that are not stimulus-locked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott W Dirr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ladan G Jiracek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - David M Baekey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Kevin J Otto
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
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3
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Shi P, Liu S, Xia X, Qian J, Jing H, Yuan J, Zhao H, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang X, He M, Xi S. Identification of the hormetic dose-response and regulatory network of multiple metals co-exposure-related hypertension via integration of metallomics and adverse outcome pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153039. [PMID: 35026265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stressors, including heavy metals, can be associated with hypertension development. However, little information regarding the dose-response relationship and toxicity mechanisms of metal mixtures with hypertension development is currently available. Therefore, we recruited 940 participants from six factories in northeastern China and measured the urinary concentrations of 19 metals. Then, we used Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to explore associations between metals co-exposure and hypertension. The BKMR model indicated a hermetic dose-response relationship between eight urinary metals (Co, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, Fe, Zn, and Pb) and hypertension risk. Moreover, heterogeneous and non-linear association patterns were detected across different metals/metalloids concentrations. Next, for the first time, we analyzed data of chemicals containing specific metal elements in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) from a disease perspective and provided insights from various biological levels to explain heavy metal co-exposure-related hypertension. On the molecular scale, 43 chemical components and 112 potential target genes were detected for metal exposure-related hypertension. Further, the network topology analysis indicated that target genes such as insulin (INS, degree = 78), albumin (ALB, degree = 74), renin (REN, degree = 71), interleukin-6 (IL6, degree = 70), endothelin 1 (EDN1, degree = 70), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3, degree = 69) have a strong correlation with heavy metals co-exposure. Finally, we used integrative analyses in the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) wiki to analyze the co-exposure of heavy metals and hypertension and support an integrated metallomics approach. We selected the AOP 149 as the framework and found that the molecular initiating events (MIEs) of hypertension stems from the oxidation of AA residues on critical peptides of the NO pathway. The NOS3 was particularly promising since its subunit has three metal ion cross-linking domains with Zn2+, Fe2+, and Ga3+, which might serve as a binding site for heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Xinyu Xia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Jili Qian
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Jiamei Yuan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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Davis H, Liu K, Li N, Li D, Paterson DJ. Healthy cardiac myocytes can decrease sympathetic hyperexcitability in the early stages of hypertension. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:949150. [PMID: 35989710 PMCID: PMC9386373 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.949150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons are powerful drivers of cardiac excitability. In the early stages of hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity is underpinned by down regulation of M current and increased activity of Cav2.2 that is associated with greater intracellular calcium transients and enhanced neurotransmission. Emerging evidence suggests that retrograde signaling from the myocyte itself can modulate synaptic plasticity. Here we tested the hypothesis that cross culturing healthy myocytes onto diseased stellate neurons could influence sympathetic excitability. We employed neuronal mono-cultures, co-cultures of neonatal ventricular myocytes and sympathetic stellate neurons, and mono-cultures of sympathetic neurons with media conditioned by myocytes from normal (Wistar) and pre-hypertensive (SHR) rats, which have heightened sympathetic responsiveness. Neuronal firing properties were measured by current-clamp as a proxy for neuronal excitability. SHR neurons had a maximum higher firing rate, and reduced rheobase compared to Wistar neurons. There was no difference in firing rate or other biophysical properties in Wistar neurons when they were co-cultured with healthy myocytes. However, the firing rate decreased, phenocopying the Wistar response when either healthy myocytes or media in which healthy myocytes were grown was cross-cultured with SHR neurons. This supports the idea of a paracrine signaling pathway from the healthy myocyte to the diseased neuron, which can act as a modulator of sympathetic excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Davis
- Burson Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kun Liu
- Burson Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ni Li
- Burson Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Li
- Burson Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David J Paterson
- Burson Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Valsakumar A, Dinesh S, Prasad G, Shetty P. Immediate effect of cold mud pack therapy on autonomic variables in primary hypertensive individuals: a randomized trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:799-806. [PMID: 34757704 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mud pack or compress is an easily accessible, cost-effective, efficient treatment modality used in naturopathy to manage and prevent various chronic illnesses. This study sought to elucidate the effectiveness of cold spinal mud packs on improving neuro-cardiac parameters among hypertensive individuals. METHODS A total of 100 hypertensive subjects aged 30-50 years were randomly allocated into two groups: Cold spinal mud pack (CSMP) and prone rest. Blood Pressure (BP) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were assessed at three-time points: Baseline, After 20 min (T1), After 60 min (T2). This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2019/12/022492). RESULTS After 20 min of CSMP showed a statistically significant reduction (p<0.01) in mean values of Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, and in HRV attained statistically significant change (p<0.01) in mean score in the frequency domain except for Very low-frequency power (VLF) and a significant difference found in the mean score of time-domain values (p<0.01) when compared to control group and 95% confidence interval (CI) will be provided for each effect. CONCLUSIONS CSMP reduces the sympathetic tone and shifts the sympathovagal balance in favor of parasympathetic dominance, contributing to a decrease in BP and effective changes in components of HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abitone Valsakumar
- Department of Naturopathy, SDM College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Affiliated to RGUHS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujatha Dinesh
- Division of Natural Therapeutics, SDM College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Affiliated to RGUHS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesh Prasad
- Department of Naturopathy, SDM College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Affiliated to RGUHS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanth Shetty
- SDM College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Affiliated to RGUHS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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6
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Casasco BS, Garcez-do-Carmo L, Conceição IM. The effects of Tityus bahiensis scorpion venom on the contractility of jejunum, vas deferens, and the aorta is differentially affected by tetrodotoxin. Toxicon 2021; 202:123-131. [PMID: 34582832 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of the crude venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus or its isolated toxins have been widely studied. However, few studies are available on Tityus bahiensis venom. We recently discovered that T. serrulaus venom leads to the release of tetrodotoxin-resistant acetylcholine. Thus, our objective was to verify whether T. bahiensis venom could have a similar action in the jejunum. Furthermore, we evaluated the possibility that this action occur in other tissues innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Thus, organ bath studies were conducted to evaluate the contractile and relaxant effects of venom on the jejunum, vas deferens and aorta of rats in the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin. We observed that jejunum, vas deferens and aorta contracted when the T. bahiensis venom was applied. In the jejunum, the venom reveals a contractile component resistant to tetrodotoxin. It also was able to relax pre-contracted preparations of jejunum and aorta but not vas deferens. Only in the aorta, the relaxation was resistant to tetrodotoxin. The effects of scorpion venoms are attributed to its action on ionic channels leading to neuronal depolarization and neurotransmitter release. Our results indicated that a similar mechanism is present in the observed effects of the venom. However, another mechanism must be present in the venom-induced contraction in the jejunum and relaxation in the aorta. Possible involvement of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels or non-neuronal release of neurotransmitters is discussed. We emphasize that the study of the Tityus scorpion's venom, especially T. bahiensis, is of great importance because it can unveil unknown pharmacological and physiological mechanisms of excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Serra Casasco
- Toxins Mechanism of Action Research Group (MATx), Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Garcez-do-Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaltino Marcelo Conceição
- Toxins Mechanism of Action Research Group (MATx), Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Ying W, Tang K, Avolio E, Schilling JM, Pasqua T, Liu MA, Cheng H, Gao H, Zhang J, Mahata S, Ko MS, Bandyopadhyay G, Das S, Roth DM, Sahoo D, Webster NJG, Sheikh F, Ghosh G, Patel HH, Ghosh P, van den Bogaart G, Mahata SK. Immunosuppression of Macrophages Underlies the Cardioprotective Effects of CST (Catestatin). Hypertension 2021; 77:1670-1682. [PMID: 33826401 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kechun Tang
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.)
| | - Ennio Avolio
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy (E.A.)
| | - Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Anesthesiology (J.M.S., D.M.R., H.H.P.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (T.P.)
| | - Matthew A Liu
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (H.C.)
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Myung S Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.S.K., G.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology (S.D.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - David M Roth
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Anesthesiology (J.M.S., D.M.R., H.H.P.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics (D.S.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering (D.S.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.S.K., G.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Anesthesiology (J.M.S., D.M.R., H.H.P.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Cellular and Molecular Medicine (P.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (G.v.d.B.).,Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (G.v.d.B.)
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (T.P., K.T., J.M.S., D.M.R., N.J.G.W., H.H.P., S.K.M.).,Department of Medicine (W.Y., E.A., M.A.L., H.G., J.Z., S.M., G.B., F.S., N.J.G.W., P.G., S.K.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
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Musteata M, Ștefănescu R, Baisan AR, Mocanu D, Pașca SA, Hrițcu LD, Henea M, Solcan G. Acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis with secondary arterial hypertension in a 5-year-old male Siberian Husky. Vet Q 2021; 40:223-228. [PMID: 32886034 PMCID: PMC7534362 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1820099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute canine idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis (ACIP) is one of the most common generalised neuromuscular diseases affecting dogs. In this report, we describe a 5-year-old, 25-kg, male, intact, Siberian Husky dog with ACIP with secondary induced arterial hypertension {systolic blood pressure [mean (m) ± standard deviation (sd)], 214 ± 19 mmHg; mean blood pressure (m ± sd), 164 ± 6.36 mmHg; and diastolic blood pressure (m ± sd), 137 ± 0.7 mmHg} and sinus tachycardia. Heart rate variability analysis indicated decreased vagal activity (low root-mean-square values of successive RR interval differences and percentages of the RR intervals differing by more than 50 ms in the entire recording) and predominance of sympathetic activity. Arterial hypertension was treated with amlodipine but remained greater than the upper limit for 51 days until the dog recovered ambulation. This is the first case report of ACIP and secondary arterial hypertension in a dog. Routine blood pressure measurements should be included in the monitoring of patients with ACIP if arterial hypertension might interfere with patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Musteata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Raluca Ștefănescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Andrei Radu Baisan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Diana Mocanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Sorin Aurelian Pașca
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Luminița Diana Hrițcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Mădălina Henea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
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9
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Benum SD, van der Weel FR(R, van der Meer ALH. In a Heartbeat: Prospective Control of Cardiac Responses for Upcoming Action Demands during Biathlon. ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2021.1885979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silje Dahl Benum
- Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
| | - F. R. (Ruud) van der Weel
- Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
| | - Audrey L. H. van der Meer
- Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
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10
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Arvind S, Maheshkumar K, Vaishali S, Lavanya S, Padmavathi R. Development and validation of an integrated portable heart rate variability (HRV) analysis system - STREME. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:109887. [PMID: 32504924 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce an integrated, portable, affordable and simple to use heart rate variability (HRV) analysis tool STREME. The system consists of an ECG acquisition device and software for HRV analysis. We assessed the reliability and validity of using STREME against the reference standards RMS VarioWin and Kubios HRV for the short term HRV analysis. The validation study was carried out with the participation of 46 healthy subjects that included 15 men and 31 women with an average age of 27.67 ± 7.75yrs. The results showed that there is a significantly strong correlation (r > 0.95, p < 0.001) between STREME and reference systems in HRV indices. The Bland-Altman analysis of all features computed from STREME and reference system represent a close agreement for all the parameters. Hence STREME HRV analysis tool can be recommended to researchers and other professionals for the evaluation of autonomic function using short term HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arvind
- Streben Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., IIT-Madras Incubation Cell, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Maheshkumar
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Vaishali
- Streben Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., IIT-Madras Incubation Cell, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Lavanya
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Padmavathi
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Lu T, Chai Q, Jiao G, Wang XL, Sun X, Furuseth JD, Stulak JM, Daly RC, Greason KL, Cha YM, Lee HC. Downregulation of BK channel function and protein expression in coronary arteriolar smooth muscle cells of type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:145-153. [PMID: 29850792 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients. Vascular large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BK) channels, composed of four pore-forming α subunits (BK-α), and four regulatory β1 subunits (BK-β1), are densely expressed in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and play an important role in regulating vascular tone and myocardial perfusion. However, the role of BK channels in coronary microvascular dysfunction of human subjects with diabetes is unclear. In this study, we examined BK channel function and protein expression, and BK channel-mediated vasodilation in freshly isolated coronary arterioles from T2D patients. Methods and results Atrial tissues were obtained from 16 patients with T2D and 25 matched non-diabetic subjects during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure. Microvessel videomicroscopy and immunoblot analysis were performed in freshly dissected coronary arterioles and inside-out single BK channel currents was recorded in enzymatically isolated coronary arteriolar SMCs. We found that BK channel sensitivity to physiological Ca2+ concentration and voltage was downregulated in the coronary arteriolar SMCs of diabetic patients, compared with non-diabetic controls. BK channel kinetics analysis revealed that there was significant shortening of the mean open time and prolongation of the mean closed time in diabetic patients, resulting in a remarkable reduction of the channel open probability. Functional studies showed that BK channel activation by dehydrosoyasaponin-1 was diminished and that BK channel-mediated vasodilation in response to shear stress was impaired in diabetic coronary arterioles. Immunoblot experiments confirmed that the protein expressions of BK-α and BK-β1 subunits were significantly downregulated, but the ratio of BK-α/BK-β1 was unchanged in the coronary arterioles of T2D patients. Conclusions Our results demonstrated for the first time that BK channel function and BK channel-mediated vasodilation were abnormal in the coronary microvasculature of diabetic patients, due to decreased protein expression and altered intrinsic properties of BK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qiang Chai
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 89 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guoqing Jiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan D Furuseth
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John M Stulak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard C Daly
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin L Greason
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hon-Chi Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW., Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Khaliulin I, Fleishman AN, Shumeiko NI, Korablina T, Petrovskiy SA, Ascione R, Suleiman MS. Neuro-autonomic changes induced by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in healthy young adults: Implications for stress. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100189. [PMID: 31388518 PMCID: PMC6675953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the protective effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) are not presently clear. Recent studies in experimental models suggest the involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in cardioprotection. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in ANS in healthy young volunteers divided into RIPC (n = 22) or SHAM (n = 18) groups. RIPC was induced by 1 cycle of 4 min inflation/5 min deflation followed by 2 cycles of 5 min inflation/5 min deflation of a cuff placed on the upper left limb. The study included analysis of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), heart rate variability (HRV), measurements of microcirculation and porphyrin fluorescence in the limb before and after the RIPC. RIPC caused reactive hyperemia in the limb and reduced blood porphyrin level. A mental load (serial sevens test) and mild motor stress (hyperventilation) were performed on all subjects before and after RIPC or corresponding rest in the SHAM group. Reduction of HR occurred during the experiments in both RIPC and SHAM groups reflecting RIPC-independent adaptation of the subjects to the experimental procedure. However, in contrast to the SHAM group, RIPC altered several of the spectral indices of HRV during the serial sevens test and hyperventilation. This was expressed predominantly as an increase in power of the very low-frequency band of the spectrum, increased values of detrended fluctuation analysis and weakening of correlation between the HRV parameters and HR. In conclusion, RIPC induces changes in the activity of ANS that are linked to stress resistance. Brief ischemia/reperfusion episodes of distant organs (RIPC) protect other organs. Mechanism of RIPC is not known but it involves neuronal activity. RIPC applied to volunteers was interspersed with mild mental and physical stress. RIPC was confirmed by hyperemia in the limb and metabolic response to hypoxia. Heart rate variability shows that RIPC modulates ANS to increase stress resistance.
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Key Words
- ANS, autonomic nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
- BP, blood pressure
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DFA, detrended fluctuation analysis
- HF, high frequency
- HR, heart rate
- HRV, heart rate variability
- Heart rhythm variability
- LF, low frequency
- RIPC, remote ischaemic preconditioning
- Remote ischemic preconditioning
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- VLF, very low frequency
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khaliulin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Arnold N Fleishman
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 23 Ulitsa Kutuzova, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, 654041, Russia
| | - Nadezhda I Shumeiko
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 23 Ulitsa Kutuzova, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, 654041, Russia
| | - TatyanaV Korablina
- Information Technology Department, Siberian State Industrial University, Ulitsa Kirova, 42, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, 654007, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Petrovskiy
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 23 Ulitsa Kutuzova, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, 654041, Russia
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - M-Saadeh Suleiman
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
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13
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Kimura DC, Nagaoka MR, Borges DR, Kouyoumdjian M. Angiotensin II or epinephrine hemodynamic and metabolic responses in the liver of L-NAME induced hypertension and spontaneous hypertensive rats. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:781-790. [PMID: 28660012 PMCID: PMC5474724 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i17.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study hepatic vasoconstriction and glucose release induced by angiotensin (Ang)II or Epi in rats with pharmacological hypertension and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).
METHODS Isolated liver perfusion was performed following portal vein and vena cava cannulation; AngII or epinephrine (Epi) was injected in bolus and portal pressure monitored; glucose release was measured in perfusate aliquots.
RESULTS The portal hypertensive response (PHR) and the glucose release induced by AngII of L-NAME were similar to normal rats (WIS). On the other hand, the PHR induced by Epi in L-NAME was higher whereas the glucose release was lower compared to WIS. Despite the similar glycogen content, glucose release induced by AngII was lower in SHR compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats although both PHR and glucose release induced by Epi in were similar.
CONCLUSION AngII and Epi responses are altered in different ways in these hypertension models. Our results suggest that inhibition of NO production seems to be involved in the hepatic effects induced by Epi but not by AngII; the diminished glucose release induced by AngII in SHR is not related to glycogen content.
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14
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Richards JR, Hollander JE, Ramoska EA, Fareed FN, Sand IC, Izquierdo Gómez MM, Lange RA. β-Blockers, Cocaine, and the Unopposed α-Stimulation Phenomenon. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 22:239-249. [PMID: 28399647 DOI: 10.1177/1074248416681644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse remains a significant worldwide health problem. Patients with cardiovascular toxicity from cocaine abuse frequently present to the emergency department for treatment. These patients may be tachycardic, hypertensive, agitated, and have chest pain. Several pharmacological options exist for treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular toxicity. For the past 3 decades, the phenomenon of unopposed α-stimulation after β-blocker use in cocaine-positive patients has been cited as an absolute contraindication, despite limited and inconsistent clinical evidence. In this review, the authors of the original studies, case reports, and systematic review in which unopposed α-stimulation was believed to be a factor investigate the pathophysiology, pharmacology, and published evidence behind the unopposed α-stimulation phenomenon. We also investigate other potential explanations for unopposed α-stimulation, including the unique and deleterious pharmacologic properties of cocaine in the absence of β-blockers. The safety and efficacy of the mixed β-/α-blockers labetalol and carvedilol are also discussed in relation to unopposed α-stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Richards
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Judd E Hollander
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward A Ramoska
- 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fareed N Fareed
- 4 Emergency Medical Associates, EmCare Partners Group, Parsippany, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Richard A Lange
- 7 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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15
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Berg T. M-currents (Kv7.2-7.3/KCNQ2-KCNQ3) Are Responsible for Dysfunctional Autonomic Control in Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2016; 7:584. [PMID: 27965589 PMCID: PMC5126116 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunctions play important roles in hypertension, heart failure and arrhythmia, often with a detrimental and fatal effect. The present study analyzed if these dysfunctions involved M-channels (members of the Kv7/KNCQ family) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Cardiac output and heart rate (HR) were recorded by a flow probe on the ascending aorta in anesthetized SHR and normotensive rats (WKY), and blood pressure (BP) by a femoral artery catheter. Total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) was calculated. XE-991 (Kv7.1-7.4-inhibitor) reduced resting HR in WKY but only after reserpine in SHR. XE-991 increased TPR and BP baseline in both strains. Retigabine (Kv7.2-7.5-opener) reduced HR, TPR and BP, also after reserpine. Depolarization induced by 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), a voltage-sensitive K+ channel (Kv) inhibitor, activated release of both acetylcholine and norepinephrine, thus activating an initial, cholinergic bradycardia in SHR, followed by sustained, norepinephrine-dependant tachycardia in both strains. XE-991 augmented the initial 3,4-DAP-induced bradycardia and eliminated the late tachycardia in SHR, but not in WKY. The increased bradycardia was eliminated by hexamethonium and methoctramine (M2muscarinic receptor antagonist) but not reserpine. Retigabine eliminated the increased bradycardia observed in reserpinized SHR. XE-991 also increased 3,4-DAP-stimulated catecholamine release, but not after hexamethonium or reserpine. Conclusions: M-currents hampered parasympathetic ganglion excitation and, through that, vagal control of HR, in SHR but not WKY. M-currents also opposed catecholamine release in SHR but not in WKY. M-currents represented a vasodilatory component in resting TPR-control, with no strain-related difference detected. Excessive M-currents may represent the underlying cause of autonomic dysfunctions in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill Berg
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
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16
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Karenberg K, Hudalla H, Frommhold D. Leukocyte recruitment in preterm and term infants. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:35. [PMID: 27778308 PMCID: PMC5078115 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cellular innate immune defense accounts for susceptibility to sepsis and its high morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Leukocyte recruitment is an integral part of the cellular immune response and follows a well-defined cascade of events from rolling of leukocytes along the endothelium to firm adhesion and finally transmigration which is concerted by a variety of adhesion molecules. Recent analytical advances such as fetal intravital microscopy have granted new insights into ontogenetic regulation and maturation of fetal immune cell recruitment. Understanding the fetal innate immune system is essential for targeted prevention and therapy of premature infants with severe infections or disorders of the immune system. This review gives an overview of the basic principles of leukocyte recruitment, particularly neutrophil trafficking, and its development during early life and highlights technical limitations to our current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Karenberg
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Frommhold
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Ward WO, Kodavanti UP. Pulmonary transcriptional response to ozone in healthy and cardiovascular compromised rat models. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 27 Suppl 1:93-104. [PMID: 26667334 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.954173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The genetic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated metabolic impairments can influence the lung injury from inhaled pollutants. We hypothesized that comparative assessment of global pulmonary expression profile of healthy and CVD-prone rat models will provide mechanistic insights into susceptibility differences to ozone. The lung expression profiles of healthy Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and CVD-compromised spontaneously hypertensive (SH), stroke-prone SH (SHSP), obese SH heart failure (SHHF) and obese, atherosclerosis-prone JCR rats were analyzed using Affymetrix platform immediately after 4-h air or 1 ppm ozone exposure. At baseline, the JCR exhibited the largest difference in the number of genes among all strains when compared with WKY. Interestingly, the number of genes affected by ozone was inversely correlated with genes different at baseline relative to WKY. A cluster of NFkB target genes involved in cell-adhesion, antioxidant response, inflammation and apoptosis was induced in all strains, albeit at different levels (JCR < WKY < SHHF < SH < SHSP). The lung metabolic syndrome gene cluster indicated expressions in opposite directions for SHHF and JCR suggesting different mechanisms for common disease phenotype and perhaps obesity-independent contribution to exacerbated lung disease. The differences in expression of adrenergic receptors and ion-channel genes suggested distinct mechanisms by which ozone might induce protein leakage in CVD models, especially SHHF and JCR. Thus, the pulmonary response to ozone in CVD strains was likely linked to the defining gene expression profiles. Differential transcriptional patterns between healthy and CVD rat strains at baseline, and after ozone suggests that lung inflammation and injury might be influenced by multiple biological pathways affecting inflammation gene signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O Ward
- a Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA and
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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18
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Coskun V, Lombardo DM. Studying the pathophysiologic connection between cardiovascular and nervous systems using stem cells. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1499-1510. [PMID: 27629698 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular and nervous systems are deeply connected during development, health, and disease. Both systems affect and regulate the development of each other during embryogenesis and the early postnatal period. Specialized neural crest cells contribute to cardiac structures, and a number of growth factors released from the cardiac tissue (e.g., glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurturin, nerve growth factor, Neurotrophin-3) ensure proper maturation of the incoming parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. Physiologically, the cardiovascular and nervous systems operate in harmony to adapt to various physical and emotional conditions to maintain homeostasis through sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Moreover, neurocardiac regulation involves a neuroaxis consisting of cortex, amygdala, and other subcortical structures, which have the ability to modify lower-level neurons in the hierarchy. Given the interconnectivity of cardiac and neural systems, when one undergoes pathological changes, the other is affected to a certain extent. In addition, there are specific neurocardiac diseases that affect both systems simultaneously, such as Huntington disease, Lewy body diseases, Friedreich ataxia, congenital heart diseases, Danon disease, and Timothy syndrome. Over the last decade, in vitro modeling of neurocardiac diseases using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided an invaluable opportunity to elevate our knowledge about the brain-heart connection, since previously primary cardiomyocytes and neurons had been extremely difficult to maintain long-term in vitro. Ultimately, the ability of iPSC technology to model abnormal functional phenotypes of human neurocardiac disorders, combined with the ease of therapeutic screening using this approach, will transform patient care through personalized medicine in the future. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Coskun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
| | - Dawn M Lombardo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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19
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Berg T. α2-Adrenoreceptor Constraint of Catecholamine Release and Blood Pressure Is Enhanced in Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:130. [PMID: 27065790 PMCID: PMC4812064 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED α2-adrenoceptors (α2AR) lower central sympathetic output and peripheral catecholamine release, and may therefore prevent sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension. The α2AR are dysfunctional in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Premenopausal females are less hypertensive than males. The purpose of this study was to test if this difference could be explained by functional α2AR in the female SHR. A 15-min tyramine-infusion was used to stimulate norepinephrine release through the re-uptake transporter, consequently preventing re-uptake. Presynaptic control of vesicular release will therefore be reflected as differences in overflow to plasma. The surgical trauma activates secretion of epinephrine, also subjected to α2AR auto-inhibition. Blood pressure was monitored through a femoral artery catheter and cardiac output by ascending aorta flow in 12-14 weeks-old (early hypertension) SHR and normotensive rats (WKY). Total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) was calculated. Female SHR, unlike male, were close to normotensive. Pre-treatment with none-selective (clonidine) or non-A-selective (ST-91) α2AR agonist reduced, and none-selective α2AR antagonist (L-659,066) increased tyramine-induced norepinephrine overflow in female WKY and SHR. L-659,066 also increased secretion of epinephrine. The L-659,066-induced increase in catecholamine release was further enhanced by additional pre-treatment with ST-91 or angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist (losartan) in SHR only. L-659,066 eliminated the tyramine-induced rise in TPR in both strains in female rats. CONCLUSION α2AR-mediated control of catecholamine release and vascular tension was therefore functional in female SHR, unlike that previously observed in male SHR. Functional α2AR is likely to have a protective function and may explain the lack of hypertension in the young female SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill Berg
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
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20
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Kawamoto B, Shimizu S, Shimizu T, Higashi Y, Hikita K, Muraoka K, Honda M, Sejima T, Takenaka A, Saito M. Vesicovascular reflexes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Life Sci 2016; 144:202-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Berg T. Voltage-Sensitive K(+) Channels Inhibit Parasympathetic Ganglion Transmission and Vagal Control of Heart Rate in Hypertensive Rats. Front Neurol 2015; 6:260. [PMID: 26696959 PMCID: PMC4672051 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasympathetic withdrawal plays an important role in the autonomic dysfunctions in hypertension. Since hyperpolarizing, voltage-sensitive K+ channels (KV) hamper transmitter release, elevated KV-activity may explain the disturbed vagal control of heart rate (HR) in hypertension. Here, the KV inhibitor 3,4-diaminopyridine was used to demonstrate the impact of KV on autonomic HR control. Cardiac output and HR were recorded by a flow probe on the ascending aorta in anesthetized, normotensive (WKY), and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and blood pressure by a femoral artery catheter. 3,4-diaminopyridine induced an initial bradycardia, which was greater in SHR than in WKY, followed by sustained tachycardia in both strains. The initial bradycardia was eliminated by acetylcholine synthesis inhibitor (hemicholinium-3) and nicotinic receptor antagonist/ganglion blocker (hexamethonium), and reversed to tachycardia by muscarinic receptor (mAchR) antagonist (atropine). The latter was abolished by sympatho-inhibition (reserpine). Reserpine also eliminated the late, 3,4-diaminopyridine-induced tachycardia in WKY, but induced a sustained atropine-sensitive bradycardia in SHR. Inhibition of the parasympathetic component with hemicholinium-3, hexamethonium, or atropine enhanced the late tachycardia in SHR, whereas hexamethonium reduced the tachycardia in WKY. In conclusion, 3,4-diaminopyridine-induced acetylcholine release, and thus enhanced parasympathetic ganglion transmission, with subsequent mAchR activation and bradycardia. 3,4-diaminopyridine also activated tachycardia, initially by enhancing sympathetic ganglion transmission, subsequently by activation of norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve terminals. The 3,4-diaminopyridine-induced parasympathetic activation was stronger and more sustained in SHR, demonstrating an enhanced inhibitory control of KV on parasympathetic ganglion transmission. This enhanced KV activity may explain the dysfunctional vagal HR control in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill Berg
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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22
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Berg T. Altered β1-3-adrenoceptor influence on α2-adrenoceptor-mediated control of catecholamine release and vascular tension in hypertensive rats. Front Physiol 2015; 6:120. [PMID: 25941491 PMCID: PMC4403294 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α2- and β-adrenoceptors (AR) reciprocally control catecholamine release and vascular tension. Disorders in these functions are present in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The present study tested if α2AR dysfunctions resulted from altered α2AR/βAR interaction. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded through a femoral artery catheter and cardiac output by an ascending aorta flow probe. Total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) was calculated. Norepinephrine release was stimulated by a 15-min tyramine-infusion, which allows presynaptic release-control to be reflected as differences in overflow to plasma. Surgical stress activated some secretion of epinephrine. L-659,066 (α2AR-antagonist) enhanced norepinephrine overflow in normotensive controls (WKY) but not SHR. Nadolol (β1+2) and ICI-118551 (β2), but not atenolol (β1) or SR59230A [β(3)/1L] prevented this increase. All βAR antagonists allowed L-659,066 to augment tyramine-induced norepinephrine overflow in SHR and epinephrine secretion in both strains. Inhibition of cAMP-degradation with milrinone and β3AR agonist (BRL37344) enhanced the effect of L-659,066 on release of both catecholamines in SHR and epinephrine in WKY. β1/2AR antagonists and BRL37344 opposed the L-659,066-dependent elimination of the TPR-response to tyramine in WKY. α2AR/βAR antagonists had little influence on the TPR-response in SHR. Milrinone potentiated the L-659,066-dependent reduction of the TPR-response to tyramine. Conclusions: β2AR activity was a required substrate for α2AR auto inhibition of norepinephrine release in WKY. β1+2AR opposed α2AR inhibition of norepinephrine release in SHR and epinephrine secretion in both strains. βAR-α2AR reciprocal control of vascular tension was absent in SHR. Selective agonist provoked β3AR-Gi signaling and influenced the tyramine-induced TPR-response in WKY and catecholamine release in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill Berg
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
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A single exposure to acrolein desensitizes baroreflex responsiveness and increases cardiac arrhythmias in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:52-63. [PMID: 24078368 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to air pollutants has been linked to acute cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even in the absence of overt signs or symptoms, pollutants can cause subtle disruptions to internal compensatory mechanisms, which maintain homeostatic balance in response to various environmental and physiological stressors. We hypothesized that a single exposure to acrolein, a ubiquitous gaseous air pollutant, would decrease the sensitivity of baroreflex (BRS), which maintains blood pressure by altering heart rate (HR), modify cardiac electrophysiological properties and increase arrhythmia in rats. Wistar-Kyoto normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats implanted with radiotelemeters and a chronic jugular vein catheter were tested for BRS using phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside 2 days before and 1 h after whole-body exposure to 3 ppm acrolein (3 h). HR and electrocardiogram (ECG) were continuously monitored for the detection of arrhythmia in the pre-exposure, exposure and post-exposure periods. Whole-body plethysmography was used to continuously monitor ventilation in conscious animals. SH rats had higher blood pressure, lower BRS and increased frequency of AV block as evidence by non-conducted p-waves when compared with WKY rats. A single exposure to acrolein caused a decrease in BRS and increased incidence of arrhythmia in both WKY and SH rats. There were minimal ECG differences between the strains, whereas only SH rats experienced irregular breathing during acrolein. These results demonstrate that acrolein causes immediate cardiovascular reflexive dysfunction and persistent arrhythmia in both normal and hypertensive animals. As such, homeostatic imbalance may be one mechanism by which air pollution increases risk 24 h after exposure, particularly in people with underlying cardiovascular disease.
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Berg T. β1-Blockers Lower Norepinephrine Release by Inhibiting Presynaptic, Facilitating β1-Adrenoceptors in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. Front Neurol 2014; 5:51. [PMID: 24795691 PMCID: PMC3997042 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral norepinephrine release is facilitated by presynaptic β-adrenoceptors, believed to involve the β2-subtype exclusively. However, β1-selective blockers are the most commonly used β-blockers in hypertension. Here the author tested the hypothesis that β1AR may function as presynaptic, release-facilitating auto-receptors. Since β1AR-blockers are injected during myocardial infarction, their influence on the cardiovascular response to acute norepinephrine release was also studied. By a newly established method, using tyramine-stimulated release through the norepinephrine transporter (NET), presynaptic control of catecholamine release was studied in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. β1AR-selective antagonists (CGP20712A, atenolol, metoprolol) reduced norepinephrine overflow to plasma equally efficient as β2AR-selective (ICI-118551) and β1+2AR (nadolol) antagonists in both strains. Neither antagonist lowered epinephrine secretion. Atenolol, which does not cross the blood–brain barrier, reduced norepinephrine overflow after adrenalectomy (AdrX), AdrX + ganglion blockade, losartan, or nephrectomy. Atenolol and metoprolol reduced resting cardiac work load. During tyramine-stimulated norepinephrine release, they had little effect on work load, and increased the transient rise in total peripheral vascular resistance, particularly atenolol when combined with losartan. In conclusion, β1AR, like β2AR, stimulated norepinephrine but not epinephrine release, independent of adrenal catecholamines, ganglion transmission, or renal renin release/angiotensin AT1 receptor activation. β1AR therefore functioned as a peripheral, presynaptic, facilitating auto-receptor. Like tyramine, hypoxia may induce NET-mediated release. Augmented tyramine-induced vasoconstriction, as observed after injection of β1AR-blocker, particularly atenolol combined with losartan, may hamper organ perfusion, and may have clinical relevance in hypoxic conditions such as myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill Berg
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Kun A, Seprényi G, Varró A, Papp JG, Pataricza J. Neurogenic contraction induced by the antiarrhythmic compound, AVE 0118, in rat small mesenteric arteries. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:315-20. [PMID: 24629214 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the vasoactivity of two inhibitors of potassium ion (K(+) ) channels, a potential antiarrhythmic compound, AVE 0118, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Basal and stimulated tones of rat small mesenteric arteries as well as the possible involvement of KV 1.5 ion channel in the mechanism of vascular effect induced by the compounds were analysed. The standard organ bath technique for vascular tone and immunohistochemistry for the localization of ion channels in the arterial tissue were performed. Third- or fourth-order branch of arterial segments was mounted in myographs for recording the isometric tension. AVE 0118 (10(-5) M) and 4-AP (10(-5) M) modulated neither the basal tone nor the contraction induced by noradrenaline but increased the contraction evoked by electrical field stimulation, sensitive to the block of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. KV 1.5 ion channel-specific immunostaining demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive nerves, and Schwann-cell-specific (S100) immunostaining confirmed the presence of myelin sheath in rat small mesenteric arteries. The study supports an indirect, sympathetic effect of AVE 0118 similar to that of 4-AP, which is mediated, at least in part, by blocking neuronal KV 1.5 type potassium ion channels in the medio-adventitial layer of rat small mesenteric artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Berg T, Jensen J. Tyramine Reveals Failing α2-Adrenoceptor Control of Catecholamine Release and Total Peripheral Vascular Resistance in Hypertensive Rats. Front Neurol 2013; 4:19. [PMID: 23450822 PMCID: PMC3584258 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α2-Adrenoceptor-activation lowers central sympathetic output, peripheral, vesicular norepinephrine release, epinephrine secretion, and modulates vascular tension. We previously demonstrated that α2-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of basal norepinephrine release was not reflected in plasma unless re-uptake through the norepinephrine transporter (NET) was blocked. Tyramine activates reverse norepinephrine transport through NET. Here we tested the hypothesis that tyramine, by engaging NET in release, also blocks re-uptake, and therefore allows manipulation of pre-junctional α2-adrenoceptors to directly regulate norepinephrine overflow to plasma. We compared in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive controls (WKYs), the effect of α2-adrenoreceptor antagonist (L-659,066) and/or agonist (clonidine) on norepinephrine overflow and increase in total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) evoked by tyramine-infusion (1.26 μmol/min/kg, 15 min) and epinephrine secretion activated by the surgical stress. TPR was computed as blood pressure divided by cardiac output, recorded as ascending aortic flow. Plasma catecholamine concentrations after tyramine were higher in SHRs than WKYs. Pre-treatment with L-659,066 increased the catecholamine concentrations in WKYs, but only if combined with clonidine in SHRs. Clonidine alone reduced tyramine-induced norepinephrine overflow in SHRs, and epinephrine in both strains. Tyramine-induced increase in TPR was not different after clonidine, eliminated after L-659,066 and L-659,066 + clonidine in WKYs, but only after L-659,066 + clonidine in SHRs. We conclude that tyramine-infusion does allow presynaptic regulation of vesicular release to be accurately assessed by measuring differences in plasma norepinephrine concentration. Our results indicate that presynaptic α2-adrenoceptor regulation of norepinephrine release from nerve vesicles and epinephrine secretion is dysfunctional in SHRs, but can be restored by clonidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill Berg
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
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Berg T, Walaas SI, Roberg BÅ, Huynh TT, Jensen J. Plasma Norepinephrine in Hypertensive Rats Reflects α(2)-Adrenoceptor Release Control Only When Re-Uptake is Inhibited. Front Neurol 2012; 3:160. [PMID: 23162530 PMCID: PMC3492874 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α2-adrenoceptors (AR) lower central sympathetic output and peripheral catecholamine release, thereby protecting against sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension. Norepinephrine re-uptake–transporter effectively (NET) removes norepinephrine from the synapse. Overflow to plasma will therefore not reflect release. Here we tested if inhibition of re-uptake allowed presynaptic α2AR release control to be reflected as differences in norepinephrine overflow in anesthetized hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY). We also tested if α2AR modulated the experiment-induced epinephrine secretion, and a phenylephrine-induced, α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction. Blood pressure was recorded through a femoral artery catheter, and cardiac output by ascending aorta flow. After pre-treatment with NET inhibitor (desipramine), and/or α2AR antagonist (yohimbine, L-659,066) or agonist (clonidine, ST-91), we injected phenylephrine. Arterial blood was sampled 15 min later. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were not influenced by phenylephrine, and therefore reflected effects of pre-treatment. Desipramine and α2AR antagonist separately had little effect on norepinephrine overflow. Combined, they increased norepinephrine overflow, particularly in SHR. Clonidine, but not ST-91, reduced, and pertussis toxin increased norepinephrine overflow in SHR and epinephrine secretion in both strains. L-659,066 + clonidine (central α2AR-stimulation) normalized the high blood pressure, heart rate, and vascular tension in SHR. α2AR antagonists reduced phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction equally in WKY and SHR. Conclusions: α2AAR inhibition increased norepinephrine overflow only when re-uptake was blocked, and then with particular efficacy in SHR, possibly due to their high sympathetic tone. α2AAR inhibited epinephrine secretion, particularly in SHR. α2AAR supported α1AR-induced vasoconstriction equally in the two strains. α2AR malfunctions were therefore not detected in SHR under this basal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill Berg
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
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