1
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Molina T, Fabre P, Dumont NA. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors in skeletal muscle homeostasis, regeneration and diseases. Open Biol 2021; 11:210110. [PMID: 34875199 PMCID: PMC8651418 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity that relies on the activity of muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. The presence of non-myogenic cells also plays a key role in the coordination of skeletal muscle regeneration. Particularly, fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) emerged as master regulators of muscle stem cell function and skeletal muscle regeneration. This population of muscle resident mesenchymal stromal cells has been initially characterized based on its bi-potent ability to differentiate into fibroblasts or adipocytes. New technologies such as single-cell RNAseq revealed the cellular heterogeneity of FAPs and their complex regulatory network during muscle regeneration. In acute injury, FAPs rapidly enter the cell cycle and secrete trophic factors that support the myogenic activity of muscle stem cells. Conversely, deregulation of FAP cell activity is associated with the accumulation of fibrofatty tissue in pathological conditions such as muscular dystrophies and ageing. Considering their central role in skeletal muscle pathophysiology, the regulatory mechanisms of FAPs and their cellular and molecular crosstalk with muscle stem cells are highly investigated in the field. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on FAP cell characteristics, heterogeneity and the cellular crosstalk during skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. We further describe their role in muscular disorders, as well as different therapeutic strategies targeting these cells to restore muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Molina
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Fabre
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas A. Dumont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Gangfuß A, Schara-Schmidt U, Roos A. [Genomics and proteomics in the research of neuromuscular diseases]. DER NERVENARZT 2021; 93:114-121. [PMID: 34622318 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases affect 3-5% of children and, apart from cardiovascular diseases and cancer, represent the most prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and particularly in the aged population of western Europe. Neuromuscular disorders are a subgroup of neurological diseases and often have a genetic origin, which leads to familial clustering. Despite the enormous progress in the analysis of the genome, such as by sequence analysis of coding regions of deoxyribonucleic acid or even the entire deoxyribonucleic acid sequence, in approximately 50% of the patients suffering from rare forms of neurological diseases the genetic cause remains unsolved. The reasons for this limited detection rate are presented in this article. If a treatment concept is available, under certain conditions this can have an impact on the adequate and early treatment of these patients. Considering neuromuscular disorders as a paradigm, this article reports on the advantages of the inclusion of next generation sequencing analysis-based DNA investigations as an omics technology (genomics) and the advantage of the integration with protein analyses (proteomics). A special focus is on the combination of genomics and proteomics in the sense of a proteogenomic approach in the diagnostics and research of these diseases. Along this line, this article presents a proteogenomic approach in the context of a multidisciplinary project aiming towards improved diagnostic work-up and future treatment of patients with neuromuscular diseases; "NMD-GPS: gene and protein signatures as a global positioning system in patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gangfuß
- Abteilung für Neuropädiatrie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Abteilung für Neuropädiatrie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Roos
- Abteilung für Neuropädiatrie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland. .,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Kanada.
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3
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Schilling BK, Baker JS, Komatsu C, Marra KG. Intramuscular injection of skeletal muscle derived extracellular matrix mitigates denervation atrophy after sciatic nerve transection. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211032491. [PMID: 34567507 PMCID: PMC8458676 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury and the associated muscle atrophy has an estimated annual healthcare burden of $150 billion dollars in the United States. When considering the total annual health-related spending of $3.5 trillion, these pathologies alone occupy about 4.3%. The prevalence of these ailments is rooted, at least in part, in the lack of specific preventative therapies that can be administered to muscle while it remains in the denervated state. To address this, skeletal muscle-derived ECM (skECM) was injected directly in denervated muscle with postoperative analysis performed at 20 weeks, including gait analysis, force production, cytokine quantification, and histological analysis. skECM was shown to be superior against non-injected muscle controls showing no difference in contraction force to uninjured muscle at 20 weeks. Cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and IFNγ appeared to mediate regeneration with statistical regression implicating these cytokines as strong predictors of muscle contraction, showing significant linear correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Schilling
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jocelyn S Baker
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chiaki Komatsu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Martins SG, Zilhão R, Thorsteinsdóttir S, Carlos AR. Linking Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage to Changes in the Expression of Extracellular Matrix Components. Front Genet 2021; 12:673002. [PMID: 34394183 PMCID: PMC8358603 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.673002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are subjected to endogenous [e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS), replication stress] and exogenous insults (e.g., UV light, ionizing radiation, and certain chemicals), which can affect the synthesis and/or stability of different macromolecules required for cell and tissue function. Oxidative stress, caused by excess ROS, and DNA damage, triggered in response to different sources, are countered and resolved by specific mechanisms, allowing the normal physiological equilibrium of cells and tissues to be restored. One process that is affected by oxidative stress and DNA damage is extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which is a continuous and highly controlled mechanism that allows tissues to readjust in reaction to different challenges. The crosstalk between oxidative stress/DNA damage and ECM remodeling is not unidirectional. Quite on the contrary, mutations in ECM genes have a strong impact on tissue homeostasis and are characterized by increased oxidative stress and potentially also accumulation of DNA damage. In this review, we will discuss how oxidative stress and DNA damage affect the expression and deposition of ECM molecules and conversely how mutations in genes encoding ECM components trigger accumulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Both situations hamper the reestablishment of cell and tissue homeostasis, with negative impacts on tissue and organ function, which can be a driver for severe pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Martins
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Zilhão
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Carlos
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Braun F, Hentschel A, Sickmann A, Marteau T, Hertel S, Förster F, Prokisch H, Wagner M, Wortmann S, Della Marina A, Kölbel H, Roos A, Schara-Schmidt U. Muscular and Molecular Pathology Associated with SPATA5 Deficiency in a Child with EHLMRS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157835. [PMID: 34360601 PMCID: PMC8345956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the SPATA5 gene are associated with epilepsy, hearing loss and mental retardation syndrome (EHLMRS). While SPATA5 is ubiquitously expressed and is attributed a role within mitochondrial morphogenesis during spermatogenesis, there is only limited knowledge about the associated muscular and molecular pathology. This study reports on a comprehensive workup of muscular pathology, including proteomic profiling and microscopic studies, performed on an 8-year-old girl with typical clinical presentation of EHLMRS, where exome analysis revealed two clinically relevant, compound-heterozygous variants in SPATA5. Proteomic profiling of a quadriceps biopsy showed the dysregulation of 82 proteins, out of which 15 were localized in the mitochondrion, while 19 were associated with diseases presenting with phenotypical overlap to EHLMRS. Histological staining of our patient’s muscle biopsy hints towards mitochondrial pathology, while the identification of dysregulated proteins attested to the vulnerability of the cell beyond the mitochondria. Through our study we provide insights into the molecular etiology of EHLMRS and provide further evidence for a muscle pathology associated with SPATA5 deficiency, including a pathological histochemical pattern accompanied by dysregulated protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Braun
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.); (F.F.); (A.D.M.); (H.K.); (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (A.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (A.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Theodore Marteau
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.); (F.F.); (A.D.M.); (H.K.); (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Swantje Hertel
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.); (F.F.); (A.D.M.); (H.K.); (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Fabian Förster
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.); (F.F.); (A.D.M.); (H.K.); (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (H.P.); (M.W.); (S.W.)
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Neurogenomics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (H.P.); (M.W.); (S.W.)
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Neurogenomics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Wortmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (H.P.); (M.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Adela Della Marina
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.); (F.F.); (A.D.M.); (H.K.); (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Heike Kölbel
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.); (F.F.); (A.D.M.); (H.K.); (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Andreas Roos
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.); (F.F.); (A.D.M.); (H.K.); (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.); (F.F.); (A.D.M.); (H.K.); (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
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6
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Kohlschmidt N, Elbracht M, Czech A, Häusler M, Phan V, Töpf A, Huang KT, Bartok A, Eggermann K, Zippel S, Eggermann T, Freier E, Groß C, Lochmüller H, Horvath R, Hajnóczky G, Weis J, Roos A. Molecular pathophysiology of human MICU1 deficiency. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:840-855. [PMID: 33428302 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS MICU1 encodes the gatekeeper of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, MICU1 and biallelic loss-of-function mutations cause a complex, neuromuscular disorder in children. Although the role of the protein is well understood, the precise molecular pathophysiology leading to this neuropaediatric phenotype has not been fully elucidated. Here we aimed to obtain novel insights into MICU1 pathophysiology. METHODS Molecular genetic studies along with proteomic profiling, electron-, light- and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy and immuno-based studies of protein abundances and Ca2+ transport studies were employed to examine the pathophysiology of MICU1 deficiency in humans. RESULTS We describe two patients carrying MICU1 mutations, two nonsense (c.52C>T; p.(Arg18*) and c.553C>T; p.(Arg185*)) and an intragenic exon 2-deletion presenting with ataxia, developmental delay and early onset myopathy, clinodactyly, attention deficits, insomnia and impaired cognitive pain perception. Muscle biopsies revealed signs of dystrophy and neurogenic atrophy, severe mitochondrial perturbations, altered Golgi structure, vacuoles and altered lipid homeostasis. Comparative mitochondrial Ca2+ transport and proteomic studies on lymphoblastoid cells revealed that the [Ca2+ ] threshold and the cooperative activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake were lost in MICU1-deficient cells and that 39 proteins were altered in abundance. Several of those proteins are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and/or perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, also impacting on regular cytoskeleton (affecting Spectrin) and Golgi architecture, as well as cellular survival mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings (i) link dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake with muscle pathology (including perturbed lipid homeostasis and ER-Golgi morphology), (ii) support the concept of a functional interplay of ER-Golgi and mitochondria in lipid homeostasis and (iii) reveal the vulnerability of the cellular proteome as part of the MICU1-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Artur Czech
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Häusler
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vietxuan Phan
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ana Töpf
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kai-Ting Huang
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Bartok
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katja Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik Freier
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claudia Groß
- Institute of Clinical Genetics and Tumour Genetics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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7
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Sarkozy A, Foley AR, Zambon AA, Bönnemann CG, Muntoni F. LAMA2-Related Dystrophies: Clinical Phenotypes, Disease Biomarkers, and Clinical Trial Readiness. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:123. [PMID: 32848593 PMCID: PMC7419697 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LAMA2 gene affect the production of the α2 subunit of laminin-211 (= merosin) and result in either partial or complete laminin-211 deficiency. Complete merosin deficiency is typically associated with a more severe congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), clinically manifested by hypotonia and weakness at birth, the development of contractures of large joints, and progressive respiratory involvement. Muscle atrophy and severe weakness typically prevent independent ambulation. Partial merosin deficiency is mostly manifested by later onset limb-girdle weakness and joint contractures so that independent ambulation is typically achieved. Collectively, complete and partial merosin deficiency is referred to as LAMA2-related dystrophies (LAMA2-RDs) and represents one of the most common forms of congenital muscular dystrophies worldwide. LAMA2-RDs are classically characterized by both central and peripheral nervous system involvement with abnormal appearing white matter (WM) on brain MRI and dystrophic appearing muscle on muscle biopsy as well as creatine kinase (CK) levels commonly elevated to >1,000 IU/L. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has greatly improved diagnostic abilities for LAMA2-RD, and the majority of patients with merosin deficiency carry recessive pathogenic variants in the LAMA2 gene. The existence of multiple animal models for LAMA2-RDs has helped to advance our understanding of laminin-211 and has been instrumental in preclinical research progress and translation to clinical trials. The first clinical trial for the LAMA2-RDs was a phase 1 pharmacokinetic and safety study of the anti-apoptotic compound omigapil, based on preclinical studies performed in the dy W/dy W and dy 2J/dy 2J mouse models. This phase 1 study enabled the collection of pulmonary and motor outcome measures and also provided the opportunity for investigating exploratory outcome measures including muscle ultrasound, muscle MRI and serum, and urine biomarker collection. Natural history studies, including a five-year prospective natural history and comparative outcome measures study in patients with LAMA2-RD, have helped to better delineate the natural history and identify viable outcome measures. Plans for further clinical trials for LAMA2-RDs are presently in progress, highlighting the necessity of identifying adequate, disease-relevant biomarkers, capable of reflecting potential therapeutic changes, in addition to refining the clinical outcome measures and time-to-event trajectory analysis of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alberto A Zambon
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Arreguin AJ, Colognato H. Brain Dysfunction in LAMA2-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: Lessons From Human Case Reports and Mouse Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:118. [PMID: 32792907 PMCID: PMC7390928 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin α2 gene (LAMA2)-related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD) was distinguished by a defining central nervous system (CNS) abnormality—aberrant white matter signals by MRI—when first described in the 1990s. In the past 25 years, researchers and clinicians have expanded our knowledge of brain involvement in LAMA2-related CMD, also known as Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Type 1A (MDC1A). Neurological changes in MDC1A can be structural, including lissencephaly and agyria, as well as functional, including epilepsy and intellectual disability. Mouse models of MDC1A include both spontaneous and targeted LAMA2 mutations and range from a partial loss of LAMA2 function (e.g., dy2J/dy2J), to a complete loss of LAMA2 expression (dy3K/dy3K). Diverse cellular and molecular changes have been reported in the brains of MDC1A mouse models, including blood-brain barrier dysfunction, altered neuro- and gliogenesis, changes in synaptic plasticity, and decreased myelination, providing mechanistic insight into potential neurological dysfunction in MDC1A. In this review article, we discuss selected studies that illustrate the potential scope and complexity of disturbances in brain development in MDC1A, and as well as highlight mechanistic insights that are emerging from mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Arreguin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Holly Colognato
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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9
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Kölbel H, Roos A, van der Ven PFM, Evangelista T, Nolte K, Johnson K, Töpf A, Wilson M, Kress W, Sickmann A, Straub V, Kollipara L, Weis J, Fürst DO, Schara U. First clinical and myopathological description of a myofibrillar myopathy with congenital onset and homozygous mutation in FLNC. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1600-1614. [PMID: 32516863 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Filamin C (encoded by the FLNC gene) is a large actin-cross-linking protein involved in shaping the actin cytoskeleton in response to signaling events both at the sarcolemma and at myofibrillar Z-discs of cross-striated muscle cells. Multiple mutations in FLNC are associated with myofibrillar myopathies of autosomal-dominant inheritance. Here, we describe for the first time a boy with congenital onset of generalized muscular hypotonia and muscular weakness, delayed motor development but no cardiac involvement associated with a homozygous FLNC mutation c.1325C>G (p.Pro442Arg). We performed ultramorphological, proteomic, and functional investigations as well as immunological studies of known marker proteins for dominant filaminopathies. We show that the mutant protein is expressed in similar quantities as the wild-type variant in control skeletal muscle fibers. The proteomic signature of quadriceps muscle is altered and ultrastructural perturbations are evident. Moreover, filaminopathy marker proteins are comparable both in our homozygous and a dominant control case (c.5161delG). Biochemical investigations demonstrate that the recombinant mutant protein is less stable and more prone to degradation by proteolytic enzymes than the wild-type variant. The unusual congenital presentation of the disease clearly demonstrates that homozygosity for mutations in FLNC severely aggravates the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Kölbel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Children's Hospital University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Children's Hospital University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Teresinha Evangelista
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kay Nolte
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katherine Johnson
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ana Töpf
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Wilson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Wolfram Kress
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.,Medizinische Proteom-Center (MPC), Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laxmikanth Kollipara
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Children's Hospital University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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10
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Barraza-Flores P, Bates CR, Oliveira-Santos A, Burkin DJ. Laminin and Integrin in LAMA2-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: From Disease to Therapeutics. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:1. [PMID: 32116540 PMCID: PMC7026472 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin-α2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) is a devastating neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene. These mutations result in the complete absence or truncated expression of the laminin-α2 chain. The α2-chain is a major component of the laminin-211 and laminin-221 isoforms, the predominant laminin isoforms in healthy adult skeletal muscle. Mutations in this chain result in progressive skeletal muscle degeneration as early as neonatally. Laminin-211/221 is a ligand for muscle cell receptors integrin-α7β1 and α-dystroglycan. LAMA2 mutations are correlated with integrin-α7β1 disruption in skeletal muscle. In this review, we will summarize laminin-211/221 interactions with integrin-α7β1 in LAMA2-CMD muscle. Additionally, we will summarize recent developments using upregulation of laminin-111 in the sarcolemma of laminin-α2-deficient muscle. We will discuss potential mechanisms of action by which laminin-111 is able to prevent myopathy. These published studies demonstrate that laminin-111 is a disease modifier of LAMA2-CMD through different methods of delivery. Together, these studies show the potential for laminin-111 therapy as a novel paradigm for the treatment of LAMA2-CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Barraza-Flores
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Christina R Bates
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Ariany Oliveira-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Dean J Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
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11
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Accorsi A, Cramer ML, Girgenrath M. Fibrogenesis in LAMA2-Related Muscular Dystrophy Is a Central Tenet of Disease Etiology. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:3. [PMID: 32116541 PMCID: PMC7010923 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy, also known as MDC1A, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the alpha2 chain of Laminin-211. Loss of this protein interrupts the connection between the muscle cell and its extracellular environment and results in an aggressive, congenital-onset muscular dystrophy characterized by severe hypotonia, lack of independent ambulation, and early mortality driven by respiratory complications and/or failure to thrive. Of the pathomechanisms of MDC1A, the earliest and most prominent is widespread and rampant fibrosis. Here, we will discuss some of the key drivers of fibrosis including TGF-beta and renin–angiotensin system signaling and consequences of these pathways including myofibroblast transdifferentiation and matrix remodeling. We will also highlight some of the differences in fibrogenesis in congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) with that seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Finally, we will connect the key signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of MDC1A to the current status of the therapeutic approaches that have been tested in the preclinical models of MDC1A to treat fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan L Cramer
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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