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Bologna M, Guerra A, Colella D, Birreci D, Costa D, Cannavacciuolo A, Angelini L, Paparella G, Antonini A, Berardelli A, Fabbrini G. Objective assessment of the effects of opicapone in Parkinson's disease through kinematic analysis. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2035-2046. [PMID: 38091213 PMCID: PMC11021230 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opicapone (OPC) is a third-generation, selective peripheral COMT inhibitor that improves peripheral L-DOPA bioavailability and reduces OFF time and end-of-dose motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. OBJECTIVES In this study, we objectively assessed the effects of adding OPC to L-DOPA on bradykinesia in PD through kinematic analysis of finger movements. METHODS We enrolled 20 treated patients with PD and motor fluctuations. Patients underwent two experimental sessions (L-DOPA, L-DOPA + OPC), separated by at least 1 week. In each session, patients were clinically evaluated and underwent kinematic movement analysis of repetitive finger movements at four time points: (i) before their usual morning dose of L-DOPA (T0), (ii) 30 min (T1), (iii) 1 h and 30 min (T2), and (iv) 3 h and 30 min after the L-DOPA intake (T3). RESULTS Movement velocity and amplitude of finger movements were higher in PD patients during the session with OPC compared to the session without OPC at all the time points tested. Importantly, the variability of finger movement velocity and amplitude across T0-T3 was significantly lower in the L-DOPA + OPC than L-DOPA session. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first objective assessment of the effects of adding OPC to L-DOPA on bradykinesia in patients with PD and motor fluctuations. OPC, in addition to the standard dopaminergic therapy, leads to significant improvements in bradykinesia during clinically relevant periods associated with peripheral L-DOPA dynamics, i.e., the OFF state in the morning, delayed-ON, and wearing-OFF periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Andrea Guerra
- Parkinson and Movement Disorder Unit, Study Center On Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Donato Colella
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Birreci
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Costa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Angelini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Paparella
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorder Unit, Study Center On Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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Lee JY, Ma HI, Ferreira JJ, Rocha JF, Sung YH, Song IU, Ahn TB, Kwon DY, Cheon SM, Kim JM, Lee CS, Lee PH, Park JH, Lee JH, Park MY, Kim SJ, Baik JS, Choi SM, Shin HW, Lee HW, Kang SY, Jeon B. Opicapone to Treat Early Wearing-off in Parkinson's Disease Patients: The Korean ADOPTION Trial. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024. [PMID: 38594812 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing levodopa (L-dopa)/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (DDCI) daily dose or adding a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor to levodopa/DDCI therapy are strategies used to manage wearing-off symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the COMT inhibitor opicapone versus an additional dose of levodopa to treat early wearing-off in PD patients. METHODS ADOPTION was a randomized, parallel-group, open-label, Phase 4 study conducted in Korea. At baseline, eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to opicapone 50 mg (n = 87) or L-dopa 100 mg (n = 81) (added to current L-dopa/DDCI therapy) for 4 weeks. The main efficacy endpoint was change from baseline to end of study in absolute off time. Other endpoints included changes in on time, in Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and 8-item PD Questionnaire scores, and the Clinical and Patient Global Impression of Improvement/Change. RESULTS The adjusted mean in absolute off time was significantly greater for opicapone 50 mg than for L-dopa 100 mg (-62.1 vs. -16.7 minutes; P = 0.0015). Opicapone-treated patients also reported a greater reduction in the percentage of off time (P = 0.0015), a greater increase in absolute on time (P = 0.0338) and a greater increase in the percentage of on time (P = 0.0015). There were no significant differences in other secondary endpoints. The L-dopa equivalent daily dose was significantly higher in the opicapone group (750.9 vs. 690.0 mg; P = 0.0247), when a 0.5 conversion factor is applied. CONCLUSIONS Opicapone 50 mg was more effective than an additional 100 mg L-dopa dose at decreasing off time in patients with PD and early wearing-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeo-Il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- IMM - Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CNS - Campus Neurológico, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | | | | | - In-Uk Song
- The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Beom Ahn
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jong-Min Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | | | - Jeong-Ho Park
- Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | | | - Sang Jin Kim
- Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Seong-Min Choi
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Ho-Won Lee
- Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Suk Yun Kang
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Regensburger M, Ip CW, Kohl Z, Schrader C, Urban PP, Kassubek J, Jost WH. Clinical benefit of MAO-B and COMT inhibition in Parkinson's disease: practical considerations. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:847-861. [PMID: 36964457 PMCID: PMC10199833 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) are major strategies to reduce levodopa degradation and thus to increase and prolong its effect in striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease patients. While selegiline/rasagiline and tolcapone/entacapone have been available on the market for more than one decade, safinamide and opicapone have been approved in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Meanwhile, comprehensive data from several post-authorization studies have described the use and specific characteristics of the individual substances in clinical practice under real-life conditions. Here, we summarize current knowledge on both medication classes, with a focus on the added clinical value in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, we outline practical considerations in the treatment of motor fluctuations and provide an outlook on ongoing studies with MAO-B and COMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter P Urban
- Abt. für Neurologie, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Bhidayasiri R, Koebis M, Kamei T, Ishida T, Suzuki I, Cho JW, Wu SL. Sustained response in early responders to safinamide in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations: A post hoc analysis of the SETTLE study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1147008. [PMID: 37051060 PMCID: PMC10083404 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1147008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Safinamide is a selective, reversible, monoamine oxidase B inhibitor for the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor fluctuations. This was a post hoc analysis of the SETTLE study, in which patients with PD and motor fluctuations were randomly assigned to 24-week treatment with safinamide (50 mg/day for 2 weeks, increased to 100 mg/day if tolerated) or placebo. In the present analysis, responders were defined according to their treatment responses at Week 2 and Week 24 based on changes in ON-time without troublesome dyskinesia from baseline with cutoffs of 1 hour. It was found that 81% (103/127) of the responders at Week 2 maintained the response through Week 24 in the safinamide group. Other outcomes did not necessarily coincide with the ON-time response; however, “Early” responders who showed a treatment response at both Week 2 and Week 24 had substantial improvements from baseline in OFF-time, UPDRS Part II and III scores, and PDQ-39 summary index scores through Week 24. The safinamide group had a higher proportion of early responders than the placebo group (39% vs 20%, p < 0.0001). At baseline, early responders in the safinamide group had significantly higher UPDRS Part II and III scores, shorter ON-time, and longer OFF-time than the other responder populations. In conclusion, the results of the present post hoc analysis suggest that patients with a short ON-time, severe motor symptoms, and highly compromised activities of daily living can benefit from safinamide early in treatment and over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roongroj Bhidayasiri
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Roongroj Bhidayasiri
| | | | | | | | - Ippei Suzuki
- Clinical Evidence Generation Fulfillment, Deep Human Biology Learning, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Whan Cho
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shey-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Rocha JF, Ebersbach G, Lees A, Tolosa E, Ferreira JJ, Poewe W, Rascol O, Stocchi F, Antonini A, Magalhães D, Gama H, Soares-da-Silva P. The safety/tolerability of opicapone when used early in Parkinson's disease patients with levodopa-induced motor fluctuations: A post-hoc analysis of BIPARK-I and II. Front Neurol 2022; 13:994114. [PMID: 36081875 PMCID: PMC9446144 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.994114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post-hoc analyses of the BIPARK-I and II trials previously demonstrated that opicapone (OPC) 50 mg was efficacious over the whole trajectory of motor fluctuation evolution in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and end-of-dose motor fluctuations, with enhanced efficacy in patients who were earlier vs. later in their disease course and levodopa treatment pathway. Complementary post-hoc analyses were performed to evaluate the safety/tolerability of OPC following the same pre-defined segmentation of the wide spectrum of duration of both PD and levodopa therapy, as well as of motor fluctuation history, in this patient population. Materials and methods Data from matching treatment arms in BIPARK-I and II were combined for the placebo (PLC) and OPC 50 mg groups and exploratory post-hoc analyses were performed to investigate the safety/tolerability of OPC 50 mg and PLC in 22 subgroups of patients who were in “earlier” vs. “later” stages of both their disease course (e.g., duration of PD <6 years vs. ≥6 years) and levodopa treatment pathway (e.g., levodopa treatment duration <4 vs. ≥4 years). Safety/tolerability assessments included evaluation of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Results The Safety Set included 522 patients (PLC, n = 257; OPC 50 mg, n = 265). For OPC 50 mg, incidences of TEAEs, related TEAEs, related serious TEAEs, and related TEAEs leading to discontinuation were lower for patients in earlier vs. later stages of their disease course and levodopa treatment pathway in 86.4, 86.4, 63.6, and 68.2% of the 22 pairwise comparisons conducted, respectively (compared with 63.6, 77.3, 18.2, and 45.5%, respectively, in the 22 corresponding PLC comparisons). Conclusion OPC 50 mg was generally well-tolerated when used to treat patients with PD with end-of-dose fluctuations, with an even more favorable tolerability profile in patients who were earlier, as opposed to later, in their disease course and levodopa treatment pathway, further supporting its use as an early adjunct to levodopa in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Lees
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim J. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Toulouse Parkinson Expert Center, Departments of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Toulouse CIC1436, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, and NeuroToul COEN Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (CESNE), Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Jost WH. Evaluating Opicapone as Add-on Treatment to Levodopa/DDCI in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1603-1618. [PMID: 35968514 PMCID: PMC9365060 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s279362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) inhibitors are key therapeutic agents in the management of motor fluctuations (MF) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). As levodopa/DDCI add-on therapy, their main benefit lies in increasing ON-time and reducing OFF-time for PD patients in the middle stages of the disease. Two of the three available COMT inhibitors, tolcapone and entacapone, have been approved for over two decades. Opicapone, a third-generation COMT inhibitor approved in 2016, was designed with the aim of overcoming specific challenges of the earlier generation compounds, specifically hepatotoxicity and short effect duration. This review aims at highlighting the specific properties and characteristics of opicapone, namely combining efficacy with good tolerability as demonstrated in the registration studies and since then confirmed under real-world conditions. Opicapone has been shown to be effective in patients with early, as well as late motor fluctuations. Whilst patients in the earlier Hoehn and Yahr stages benefit more than patients in later stages, the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with recent onset MF is around half that of patients with more established fluctuations. With the added advantage of a once-daily administration, this particular COMT inhibitor provides a simple, yet effective therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease and MF.
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Ferreira JJ, Poewe W, Rascol O, Stocchi F, Antonini A, Moreira J, Pereira A, Rocha JF, Soares-da-Silva P. Opicapone as an Add-on to Levodopa in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Without Motor Fluctuations: Rationale and Design of the Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled EPSILON Trial. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:1409-1425. [PMID: 35705887 PMCID: PMC9338182 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Levodopa remains the cornerstone treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) but its use is associated with the development of ‘wearing-off’ fluctuations and other motor and non-motor complications over time. Adding a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor to levodopa/dopa decarboxylase (DDC) inhibitor therapy reduces fluctuations in the profile of plasma levodopa levels following oral dosing, and can therefore be beneficial for the management of motor complications. The objective of the EPSILON study is to investigate the efficacy of opicapone (OPC; a third-generation, once-daily COMT inhibitor) in enhancing the clinical benefit of levodopa in patients in earlier stages of PD, without end-of-dose motor fluctuations. Methods EPSILON is a phase III, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and parallel-group study, designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of OPC as add-on to levodopa/DDC inhibitor therapy in patients with early PD who do not exhibit signs of motor complications. Eligible patients will be randomised (1:1) to receive OPC 50 mg or placebo, in addition to their existing levodopa/DDC inhibitor therapy, over a 24-week, double-blind treatment period, after which they will have the option of entering an additional 1-year, open-label extension period, during which all patients will receive OPC 50 mg. Planned Outcomes The primary efficacy endpoints are change in Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III total score from baseline to the end of the double-blind period (double-blind phase) and change in MDS-UPDRS Part IV total score from open-label baseline to the end of the open-label period (open-label phase). Secondary outcomes during the double-blind phase will include other measures of PD symptoms, including quality of life, non-motor symptoms, and development of motor fluctuations. Safety assessments will include evaluation of treatment-emergent adverse events, laboratory safety parameters, suicidality and impulse control disorders. Trial Registration European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database (number 2020-005011-52).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim J Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Toulouse Parkinson Expert Center, Departments of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Toulouse CIC1436, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, and NeuroToul COEN Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- Department of Neurology, University San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (CESNE), Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ana Pereira
- BIAL - Portela & Cª S.A., Coronado, Portugal
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Salamon A, Zádori D, Szpisjak L, Klivényi P, Vécsei L. What is the impact of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) on Parkinson's disease treatment? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1123-1128. [PMID: 35373688 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- András Salamon
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dénes Zádori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szpisjak
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
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