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Milosevich E, Kusec A, Pendlebury ST, Demeyere N. Domain-specific cognitive impairments, mood and quality of life 6 months after stroke. Disabil Rehabil 2025; 47:435-444. [PMID: 38623852 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2340121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify which acute and 6-month domain-specific cognitive impairments impact mood, participation, and stroke-related quality of life 6 months post-stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 430 stroke survivors completed the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) acutely and 6 months post-stroke. Participants completed the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) and Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale (HADS) at 6 months. Multivariable regression analyses assessed whether severity of, and domain-specific, cognitive impairment acutely and at 6 months was associated with composite 6-month SIS scores, each SIS subscale, and HADS scores. RESULTS Increased severity of acute and 6-month cognitive impairment was associated with lower 6-month SIS composite scores independent of age, sex, education years, and stroke severity (both p < 0.001). Domain-specific impairments in memory (p < 0.001) and attention (p = 0.002) acutely, and language (p < 0.001), memory (p = 0.001) and number processing (p = 0.006) at 6 months showed the strongest associations with worse SIS composite scores. Severity of acute and 6-month cognitive impairment was associated with poorer functioning in each SIS subscale, and greater levels of depression (acute p = 0.021, 6-months p < 0.001), but not anxiety (p = 0.174, p = 0.129). CONCLUSIONS Both acute and 6-month domain-specific cognitive impairments, particularly in memory, were found to negatively impact overall functional and mood outcomes 6 months post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Kusec
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah T Pendlebury
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and Departments of General Medicine and Geratology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nele Demeyere
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Bormann T, Kaller CP, Kulyk C, Demeyere N, Weiller C. The German version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (D-OCS): Normative data and validation in acute stroke and a mixed neurological sample. J Neuropsychol 2024; 18:377-390. [PMID: 38238970 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Given the frequency of stroke worldwide, tools for neuropsychological assessment of patients with acute stroke are needed to identify cognitive impairments, guide rehabilitation efforts and allow for a prognosis of outcome. However, requirements for assessment tools for acute cognitive deficits differ substantially from tests for chronic neuropsychological impairments and screening tools for suspected dementia. The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) has been developed as a quick to administer neurocognitive screening for acute neurological patients providing information on various cognitive domains. It is available in different languages. The present study reports cut-off scores, parallel-test reliability and concurrent validity of the German version (D-OCS). Following standardized language adaptation and translation, the D-OCS was administered to 100 healthy individuals to generate cut-off scores (5th percentile). Subsequently, 88 neurological patients were assessed with both versions of the D-OCS as well as other tests to evaluate reliability and validity of the D-OCS subscales. In a further study, the D-OCS was compared to the MoCA test in 65 acute stroke patients revealing comparable sensitivity but also differences between both tools. The cut-off scores were comparable to other international versions of the OCS. Intraclass correlations were highly significant and document reliability of the D-OCS subtests. Scores on subtests correlated significantly with independent tests securing validity. Comparison with the MoCA revealed comparable sensitivity and specificity. The D-OCS is a reliable and valid assessment tool well suited for patients with acute stroke. Differences to the MoCA test are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bormann
- Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Klinik für Neuroradiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Kulyk
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Nele Demeyere
- Department of Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Puthusseryppady V, Cossio D, Yu S, Rezwana F, Hegarty M, Jacobs EG, Chrastil ER. Less spatial exploration is associated with poorer spatial memory in midlife adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1382801. [PMID: 38919601 PMCID: PMC11196421 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1382801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite its importance for navigation, very little is known about how the normal aging process affects spatial exploration behavior. We aimed to investigate: (1) how spatial exploration behavior may be altered early in the aging process, (2) the relationship between exploration behavior and subsequent spatial memory, and (3) whether exploration behavior can classify participants according to age. Methods Fifty healthy young (aged 18-28) and 87 healthy midlife adults (aged 43-61) freely explored a desktop virtual maze, learning the locations of nine target objects. Various exploration behaviors (object visits, distance traveled, turns made, etc.) were measured. In the test phase, participants navigated from one target object to another without feedback, and their wayfinding success (% correct trials) was measured. Results In the exploration phase, midlife adults exhibited less exploration overall compared to young adults, and prioritized learning target object locations over maze layout. In the test phase, midlife adults exhibited less wayfinding success when compared to the young adults. Furthermore, following principal components analysis (PCA), regression analyses indicated that both exploration quantity and quality components were associated with wayfinding success in the midlife group, but not the young adults. Finally, we could classify participants according to age with similar accuracy using either their exploration behavior or wayfinding success scores. Discussion Our results aid in the understanding of how aging impacts spatial exploration, and encourages future investigations into how pathological aging may affect spatial exploration behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaisakh Puthusseryppady
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Cossio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shuying Yu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Farnaz Rezwana
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mary Hegarty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Emily G. Jacobs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Chrastil
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Salera C, Capua C, De Angelis D, Coiro P, Venturiero V, Savo A, Marinozzi F, Bini F, Paolucci S, Antonucci G, Iosa M. Michelangelo Effect in Cognitive Rehabilitation: Using Art in a Digital Visuospatial Memory Task. Brain Sci 2024; 14:479. [PMID: 38790457 PMCID: PMC11119589 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Michelangelo effect is a phenomenon that shows a reduction in perceived effort and an improvement in performance among both healthy subjects and patients when completing a motor task related to artistic stimuli, compared to performing the same task with non-artistic stimuli. It could contribute to the efficacy of art therapy in neurorehabilitation. In this study, the possible occurrence of this effect was tested in a cognitive task by asking 15 healthy subjects and 17 patients with a history of stroke to solve a digital version of the classical memory card game. Three different types of images were used in a randomized order: French cards, artistic portraits, and photos of famous people (to compensate for the possible effects of face recognition). Healthy subjects were involved to test the usability and the load demand of the developed system, reporting no statistically significant differences among the three sessions (p > 0.05). Conversely, patients had a better performance in terms of time (p = 0.014) and the number of attempts (p = 0.007) needed to complete the task in the presence of artistic stimuli, accompanied by a reduction in the perceived effort (p = 0.033). Furthermore, artistic stimuli, with respect to the other two types of images, seemed more associated with visuospatial control than linguistic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salera
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.D.A.); (P.C.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Chiara Capua
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Domenico De Angelis
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.D.A.); (P.C.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Paola Coiro
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.D.A.); (P.C.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Venturiero
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.D.A.); (P.C.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Anna Savo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.D.A.); (P.C.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Franco Marinozzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabiano Bini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Stefano Paolucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.D.A.); (P.C.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriella Antonucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.D.A.); (P.C.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iosa
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (D.D.A.); (P.C.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Hobden G, Moore MJ, Colbourne E, Pendlebury ST, Demeyere N. Association of Neuroimaging Markers on Clinical CT Scans With Domain-Specific Cognitive Impairment in the Early and Later Poststroke Stages. Neurology 2023; 101:e1687-e1696. [PMID: 37657938 PMCID: PMC10624481 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is associated with neuroimaging markers, including cortical atrophy and white matter lesions (WMLs), on clinically acquired CT neuroimaging. The objective was to investigate the association between cortical atrophy/WMLs and PSCI in specific cognitive domains in the acute/subacute and chronic stages after stroke, to provide clarity on the relationship between these neuroimaging markers and the temporal evolution of PSCI. METHODS We visually assessed cortical atrophy using the Global Cortical Atrophy (GCA) scale and WMLs using the Fazekas scale. Oxford Cognitive Screen or Birmingham Cognitive Screen assessed PSCI at 2 time points (acute/subacute and chronic) in 6 domains (language, memory, number processing, executive function, attention, and praxis). We binarized domain-specific performance as impaired/unimpaired using normative cutoffs. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between GCA/Fazekas scores with acute/subacute and chronic global and domain-specific PSCI, and ANCOVAs examined whether these scores were significantly different in patients with recovered vs persistent PSCI. Age, sex, education, NIHSS, lesion volume, and recurrent stroke were covariates in these analyses. RESULTS Among 411 stroke patients (Mdn/IQR age = 76.16/66.84-83.47; 193 female; 346 ischemic stroke; 107 recurrent stroke), GCA and Fazekas scores were not associated with global cognitive impairment in the acute/subacute stage after stroke, but GCA score was associated with chronic global PSCI (B = 0.01, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.00-0.01). In domain-specific analyses, GCA score was associated with chronic impairment in the memory (B = 0.06, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.03-0.10) and attention (B = 0.05, p = 0.003, 95% CI 0.02-0.09) domains, and in patients with persistent PSCI, these domains showed significantly higher GCA scores than patients who had recovered (memory: F(1, 157) = 6.63, p = 0.01, η 2 G = 0.04; attention: F(1, 268) = 10.66, p = 0.001, η 2 G = 0.04). DISCUSSION This study highlights the potential effect of cortical atrophy on the cognitive recovery process after stroke and demonstrates the prognostic utility of CT neuroimaging for poststroke cognitive outcomes. Clinical neuroimaging could help identify patients at long-term risk of PSCI during acute hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Hobden
- From the Department of Experimental Psychology (G.H., N.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute (M.J.M.), University of Queensland, Australia; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (E.C., S.T.P., N.D.), University of Oxford; and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and Departments of General (Internal) Medicine and Geratology (S.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret J Moore
- From the Department of Experimental Psychology (G.H., N.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute (M.J.M.), University of Queensland, Australia; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (E.C., S.T.P., N.D.), University of Oxford; and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and Departments of General (Internal) Medicine and Geratology (S.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Colbourne
- From the Department of Experimental Psychology (G.H., N.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute (M.J.M.), University of Queensland, Australia; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (E.C., S.T.P., N.D.), University of Oxford; and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and Departments of General (Internal) Medicine and Geratology (S.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah T Pendlebury
- From the Department of Experimental Psychology (G.H., N.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute (M.J.M.), University of Queensland, Australia; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (E.C., S.T.P., N.D.), University of Oxford; and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and Departments of General (Internal) Medicine and Geratology (S.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nele Demeyere
- From the Department of Experimental Psychology (G.H., N.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Queensland Brain Institute (M.J.M.), University of Queensland, Australia; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (E.C., S.T.P., N.D.), University of Oxford; and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and Departments of General (Internal) Medicine and Geratology (S.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Murphy D, Cornford E, Higginson A, Norman A, Long R, Noad R. Oxford cognitive screen: A critical review and independent psychometric evaluation. J Neuropsychol 2023; 17:491-504. [PMID: 37186035 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Oxford cognitive screen (OCS) is a stroke-specific cognitive screening assessment. Although the test developers have provided psychometric information for the assessment, the OCS has received minimal external scrutiny, with which to triangulate the underpinning psychometrics. The purpose of this study is to provide a critical review and independent validation of the OCS. This study analysed data from an anonymised clinical database, which consisted of 316 patients who were assessed using the OCS on an Acute Stroke Unit. The rates of impairment on tests of memory and receptive communication were lower than expectation, suggesting that these subtests may be relatively insensitive. Patients with aphasia were more likely to be unable to categorised as impaired on non-language tests, suggesting that they remain sensitive to language processing or non-dominant hand usage. Some of the subtests of the OCS achieve high retest reliability, which makes them good candidates for measuring cognitive change over time. Although the OCS has many advantages, it is also important to adequately consider its limitations, that is insensitivity to memory problems, the potential confounding impact of non-dominant hand usage, and the potential that some tests may sample overall cognitive ability instead of domain-specific functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donnchadh Murphy
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Livewell Southwest, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca Long
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Rupert Noad
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
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Vanbilsen N, Pergher V, Van Hulle MM. Effects of task-specific strategy on attentional control game training: preliminary data from healthy adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Huygelier H, Schraepen B, Miatton M, Welkenhuyzen L, Michiels K, Note E, Lafosse C, Thielen H, Lemmens R, Bruffaerts R, Demeyere N, Gillebert CR. The Dutch Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-NL): psychometric properties in Flemish stroke survivors. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6349-6358. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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