1
|
Claaß LV, Hedrich A, Reinelt J, Sehm B, Villringer A, Schlagenhauf F, Kaminski J. Influence of noninvasive brain stimulation on connectivity and local activation: a combined tDCS and fMRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:827-835. [PMID: 37597023 PMCID: PMC11127864 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on neurobiological mechanisms underlying executive function in the human brain remains elusive. This study aims at examining the effect of anodal and cathodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in comparison with sham stimulation on resting-state connectivity as well as functional activation and working memory performance. We hypothesized perturbed fronto-parietal resting-state connectivity during stimulation and altered working memory performance combined with modified functional working memory-related activation. We applied tDCS with 1 mA for 21 min over the DLPFC inside an fMRI scanner. During stimulation, resting-state fMRI was acquired and task-dependent fMRI during working memory task performance was acquired directly after stimulation. N = 36 healthy subjects were studied in a within-subject design with three different experimental conditions (anodal, cathodal and sham) in a double-blind design. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses and dynamic causal modeling were conducted for the resting-state fMRI data. We found a significant stimulation by region interaction in the seed-based ROI-to-ROI resting-state connectivity, but no effect on effective connectivity. We also did not find an effect of stimulation on task-dependent signal alterations in working memory activation in our regions of interest and no effect on working memory performance parameters. We found effects on measures of seed-based resting-state connectivity, while measures of effective connectivity and task-based connectivity did not show any stimulation effect. We could not replicate previous findings of tDCS stimulation effects on behavioral outcomes. We critically discuss possible methodological limitations and implications for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luise Victoria Claaß
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annika Hedrich
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janis Reinelt
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Sehm
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital at the University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 16, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, MindBrainBody Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10999, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miles K, Weisser A, Kallen RW, Varlet M, Richardson MJ, Buchholz JM. Behavioral dynamics of conversation, (mis)communication and coordination in noisy environments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20271. [PMID: 37985887 PMCID: PMC10662155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During conversations people coordinate simultaneous channels of verbal and nonverbal information to hear and be heard. But the presence of background noise levels such as those found in cafes and restaurants can be a barrier to conversational success. Here, we used speech and motion-tracking to reveal the reciprocal processes people use to communicate in noisy environments. Conversations between twenty-two pairs of typical-hearing adults were elicited under different conditions of background noise, while standing or sitting around a table. With the onset of background noise, pairs rapidly adjusted their interpersonal distance and speech level, with the degree of initial change dependent on noise level and talker configuration. Following this transient phase, pairs settled into a sustaining phase in which reciprocal speech and movement-based coordination processes synergistically maintained effective communication, again with the magnitude of stability of these coordination processes covarying with noise level and talker configuration. Finally, as communication breakdowns increased at high noise levels, pairs exhibited resetting behaviors to help restore communication-decreasing interpersonal distance and/or increasing speech levels in response to communication breakdowns. Approximately 78 dB SPL defined a threshold where behavioral processes were no longer sufficient for maintaining effective conversation and communication breakdowns rapidly increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Miles
- ECHO Laboratory, MU Hearing, and Performance and Expertise Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Adam Weisser
- ECHO Laboratory, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel W Kallen
- Performance and Expertise Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manuel Varlet
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J Richardson
- Performance and Expertise Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joerg M Buchholz
- ECHO Laboratory, MU Hearing, and Performance and Expertise Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
D'Amario S, Schmidbauer H, Roesch A, Goebl W, Niemand AM, Bishop L. Interperformer coordination in piano-singing duo performances: phrase structure and empathy impact. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:2559-2582. [PMID: 37074403 PMCID: PMC10497663 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Musicians' body motion plays a fundamental role in ensemble playing, by supporting sound production, communication, and expressivity. This research investigates how Western classical musicians' head motion during ensemble performances relates to a piece's phrase structure and musicians' empathic perspective taking (EPT) profile. Twenty-four advanced piano and singing students took part in the study, and their EPT score was pre-assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. High and low EPT duos were formed, and musicians were paired with a co-performer from the same and the other EPT group. Musicians rehearsed Fauré's Automne and Schumann's Die Kartenlegerin, and performed the pieces one time before and three times after rehearsal. Motion capture data of the musicians' front head, audio, and MIDI recordings of the performances were collected and analysed. Similarity in musicians' head motion and tendency to lead/lag their co-performer were computed by extracting, respectively, power and phase difference of the cross-wavelet transforms of the velocity curves of each paired marker. Results demonstrate that the power of interperformer coordination corresponds to the piece's phrase levels and that singer's EPT can impact the leader-follower relationships between musicians, depending on piece and take number. In the Fauré piece, the higher the singer's EPT score, the higher the tendency for the singer to lead and pianist to follow in take 3, and the lower the tendency for the singer to lead and pianist to follow in take 2. These results contribute to a further understanding of the mechanisms underpinning social interactions, by revealing the complexity of the association between empathy and body motion in ensembles in promoting and diffusing leadership between musicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara D'Amario
- Department of Music Acoustics-Wiener Klangstil, mdw-University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, Anton-von-Webern-Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Angi Roesch
- FOM University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Goebl
- Department of Music Acoustics-Wiener Klangstil, mdw-University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, Anton-von-Webern-Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Niemand
- Department of Music Acoustics-Wiener Klangstil, mdw-University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, Anton-von-Webern-Platz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Bishop
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kidby S, Neale D, Wass S, Leong V. Parent-infant affect synchrony during social and solo play. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210482. [PMID: 36871594 PMCID: PMC9985968 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While mother-infant affect synchrony has been proposed to facilitate the early development of social understanding, most investigations into affect synchrony have concentrated more on negative than positive affect. We analysed affect sharing during parent-infant object play, comparing positive and negative affect, to examine how it is modulated by shared playful activity. Mother-infant dyads (N = 20, average infant age 10.7 months) played together (social) or separately (solo) using an object. Both participants increased positive affect during social play as compared with solo play. Positive affect synchrony also increased during social play compared with solo play, whereas negative affect synchrony did not differ. Closer examination of the temporal dynamics of affect changes showed that infants' shifts to positive affect tended to occur contingently in response to their mothers', whereas mothers' shifts to negative affect followed their infants'. Further, during social play, positive affect displays were more long-lived while negative more short-lived. While our sample was small and from a homogeneous population (e.g. white, highly educated parents), limiting the implications of the findings, these results demonstrate that maternal active engagement in playful interaction with her infant affords, increases, and extends infant positive affect and parent-infant positive affect synchrony, providing insights into how the social context modulates infants' affective experiences. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Kidby
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Dave Neale
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Sam Wass
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, London E16 2RD, UK
| | - Victoria Leong
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fujiwara K, Nomura K, Eto M. Antiphase synchrony increases perceived entitativity and uniqueness: A joint hand-clapping task. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1069660. [PMID: 36993896 PMCID: PMC10040872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1069660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In- and antiphase are the dominant patterns identified in the study of synchrony in relative phases. Many previous studies have focused on in-phase synchrony and compared it to asynchrony, but antiphase synchrony has yet not been the subject of much research attention. The limited findings on antiphase synchrony suggest that its role or nature is unclear or unstable in human interaction. To account for this factor, this study examined the possibility that antiphase synchrony simultaneously induced perceived entitativity and uniqueness. The results of an experiment employing a joint hand-clapping task supported this prediction. Further, the elevated feeling of uniqueness in those who experienced antiphase synchrony may have increased the self-other overlap for those who felt oneness with their partner, but it decreased overlap for those who did not. The theoretical implications for synchrony literature are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Fujiwara
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ken Fujiwara,
| | - Kunihiko Nomura
- Faculty of Information Technology and Social Sciences, Osaka University of Economics, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Eto
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University of Economics, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carré D, Cornejo C. Understanding human encounters goes beyond explaining musculoskeletal coordination: a review. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:1479-1484. [PMID: 36689297 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2168625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Complex systems theory has become one of the main frameworks to understand, model and explain interactional phenomena such as interpersonal coordination. In her paper, Butler (this issue) applies this approach to theorise about coordination at large, including human interactions. We argue that the all-encompassing language of complex systems theory leads to overemphasising the physical aspects that human interactions share with other coordinated systems in nature. This emphasis ultimately disregards the meaningful dimension implied in any human movement, understanding it as mechanical motion, rather than expressive actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Carré
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje, Interacción y Fenomenología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Lenguaje, Interacción y Fenomenología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Novotny E, Bente G. Identifying Signatures of Perceived Interpersonal Synchrony. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 46:485-517. [PMID: 35967988 PMCID: PMC9361934 DOI: 10.1007/s10919-022-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal synchrony serves as a subtle, yet powerful bonding mechanism in social interactions. Problematically, the term ‘synchrony’ has been used to label a variety of distinct aspects of interpersonal coordination, such as postural similarities or movement activity entrainment. Accordingly, different algorithms have been suggested to quantify interpersonal synchrony. Yet, it remains unknown whether the different measures of synchrony represent correlated features of the same perceivable core phenomenon. The current study addresses this by comparing the suitability of a set of algorithms with respect to their association with observers’ judgments of dyadic synchrony and leader-followership. One-hundred fifteen observers viewed computer animations of characters portraying the movements of real dyads who performed a repetitive motor task with instruction to move in unison. Animations were based on full-body motion capture data synchronously collected for both partners during the joint exercise. Results showed most synchrony measures significantly correlated with (a) perceived synchrony and (b) the perceived level of balance of leading/following by each dyad member. Phase synchrony and Pearson correlations were associated most strongly with the observer ratings. This might be typical for intentional, structured forms synchrony such as ritualized group activities. It remains open if these findings also apply to spontaneous forms of synchrony as, for instance, occurring in free-running conversations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Novotny
- Grady College of Mass Communication and Journalism, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Gary Bente
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wass S, Perapoch Amadó M, Ives J. How the ghost learns to drive the machine? Oscillatory entrainment to our early social or physical environment and the emergence of volitional control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101102. [PMID: 35398645 PMCID: PMC9010552 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An individual’s early interactions with their environment are thought to be largely passive; through the early years, the capacity for volitional control develops. Here, we consider: how is the emergence of volitional control characterised by changes in the entrainment observed between internal activity (behaviour, physiology and brain activity) and the sights and sounds in our everyday environment (physical and social)? We differentiate between contingent responsiveness (entrainment driven by evoked responses to external events) and oscillatory entrainment (driven by internal oscillators becoming temporally aligned with external oscillators). We conclude that ample evidence suggests that children show behavioural, physiological and neural entrainment to their physical and social environment, irrespective of volitional attention control; however, evidence for oscillatory entrainment beyond contingent responsiveness is currently lacking. Evidence for how oscillatory entrainment changes over developmental time is also lacking. Finally, we suggest a mechanism through which periodic environmental rhythms might facilitate both sensory processing and the development of volitional control even in the absence of oscillatory entrainment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagai M, Honma M, Kumada T, Osada Y. Spontaneous Interpersonal Coordination in Stepping and Autistic‐Like Traits. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Vial I, Cornejo C. Not complex enough for complexity: Some intricacies of interpersonal synergies theory. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2021.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Fujiwara K, Daibo I. Empathic accuracy and interpersonal coordination: behavior matching can enhance accuracy but interactional synchrony may not. The Journal of Social Psychology 2021; 162:71-88. [PMID: 34651552 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.1983509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study considered two major facets of interpersonal coordination, namely, behavior matching (posture mirroring) and interactional synchrony, and investigated whether interpersonal coordination enhanced empathic accuracy. Interactional synchrony was further classified into simultaneous movement and interaction rhythms. Participants engaged in an eight-minute conversation with a same-gender unacquainted partner and an empathic accuracy task. Each participant viewed the interaction video and reported their thoughts and feelings at pre-determined points of time. Afterward, they rewatched the video and inferred the thoughts and feelings of their partners. The study employed OpenPose, 2D pose estimation software of human body, to quantify posture and bodily movement, which were used to determine coordination. The results indicated that behavior matching was positively associated with empathic accuracy, whereas rhythmic convergence in synchrony was negatively associated with accuracy in female dyads. The additional analysis explored the temporal relationship between coordination and accuracy, which indicated a cause-effect tendency during interactions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hadley LV, Ward JA. Synchrony as a measure of conversation difficulty: Movement coherence increases with background noise level and complexity in dyads and triads. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258247. [PMID: 34610018 PMCID: PMC8491905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When people interact, they fall into synchrony. This synchrony has been demonstrated in a range of contexts, from walking or playing music together to holding a conversation, and has been linked to prosocial outcomes such as development of rapport and efficiency of cooperation. While the basis of synchrony remains unclear, several studies have found synchrony to increase when an interaction is made challenging, potentially providing a means of facilitating interaction. Here we focus on head movement during free conversation. As verbal information is obscured when conversing over background noise, we investigate whether synchrony is greater in high vs low levels of noise, as well as addressing the effect of background noise complexity. Participants held a series of conversations with unfamiliar interlocutors while seated in a lab, and the background noise level changed every 15-30s between 54, 60, 66, 72, and 78 dB. We report measures of head movement synchrony recorded via high-resolution motion tracking at the extreme noise levels (i.e., 54 vs 78 dB) in dyads (n = 15) and triads (n = 11). In both the dyads and the triads, we report increased movement coherence in high compared to low level speech-shaped noise. Furthermore, in triads we compare behaviour in speech-shaped noise vs multi-talker babble, and find greater movement coherence in the more complex babble condition. Key synchrony differences fall in the 0.2-0.5 Hz frequency bands, and are discussed in terms of their correspondence to talkers' average utterance durations. Additional synchrony differences occur at higher frequencies in the triads only (i.e., >5 Hz), which may relate to synchrony of backchannel cues (as multiple individuals were listening and responding to the same talker). Not only do these studies replicate prior work indicating interlocutors' increased reliance on behavioural synchrony as task difficulty increases, but they demonstrate these effects using multiple difficulty manipulations and across different sized interaction groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V. Hadley
- Hearing Sciences—Scottish Section, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jamie A. Ward
- Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Heggli OA, Konvalinka I, Cabral J, Brattico E, Kringelbach ML, Vuust P. Transient brain networks underlying interpersonal strategies during synchronized action. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:19-30. [PMID: 32337586 PMCID: PMC7812620 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal coordination is a core part of human interaction, and its underlying mechanisms have been extensively studied using social paradigms such as joint finger-tapping. Here, individual and dyadic differences have been found to yield a range of dyadic synchronization strategies, such as mutual adaptation, leading–leading, and leading–following behaviour, but the brain mechanisms that underlie these strategies remain poorly understood. To identify individual brain mechanisms underlying emergence of these minimal social interaction strategies, we contrasted EEG-recorded brain activity in two groups of musicians exhibiting the mutual adaptation and leading–leading strategies. We found that the individuals coordinating via mutual adaptation exhibited a more frequent occurrence of phase-locked activity within a transient action–perception-related brain network in the alpha range, as compared to the leading–leading group. Furthermore, we identified parietal and temporal brain regions that changed significantly in the directionality of their within-network information flow. Our results suggest that the stronger weight on extrinsic coupling observed in computational models of mutual adaptation as compared to leading–leading might be facilitated by a higher degree of action–perception network coupling in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Adrian Heggli
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ivana Konvalinka
- SINe Lab, Section for Cognitive Systems, DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joana Cabral
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
De Jonge-Hoekstra L, Cox RFA, Van der Steen S, Dixon JA. Easier Said Than Done? Task Difficulty's Influence on Temporal Alignment, Semantic Similarity, and Complexity Matching Between Gestures and Speech. Cogn Sci 2021; 45:e12989. [PMID: 34170013 PMCID: PMC8365723 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gestures and speech are clearly synchronized in many ways. However, previous studies have shown that the semantic similarity between gestures and speech breaks down as people approach transitions in understanding. Explanations for these gesture–speech mismatches, which focus on gestures and speech expressing different cognitive strategies, have been criticized for disregarding gestures’ and speech's integration and synchronization. In the current study, we applied three different perspectives to investigate gesture–speech synchronization in an easy and a difficult task: temporal alignment, semantic similarity, and complexity matching. Participants engaged in a simple cognitive task and were assigned to either an easy or a difficult condition. We automatically measured pointing gestures, and we coded participant's speech, to determine the temporal alignment and semantic similarity between gestures and speech. Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis was used to determine the extent of complexity matching between gestures and speech. We found that task difficulty indeed influenced gesture–speech synchronization in all three domains. We thereby extended the phenomenon of gesture–speech mismatches to difficult tasks in general. Furthermore, we investigated how temporal alignment, semantic similarity, and complexity matching were related in each condition, and how they predicted participants’ task performance. Our study illustrates how combining multiple perspectives, originating from different research areas (i.e., coordination dynamics, complexity science, cognitive psychology), provides novel understanding about cognitive concepts in general and about gesture–speech synchronization and task difficulty in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette De Jonge-Hoekstra
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen.,Department of Orthopedagogy & Clinical Educational Science-Ortho, Education and Learning and Development, Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen
| | - Ralf F A Cox
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen
| | - Steffie Van der Steen
- Department of Orthopedagogy & Clinical Educational Science-Ortho, Education and Learning and Development, Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen
| | - James A Dixon
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception & Action, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Video-based tracking approach for nonverbal synchrony: A comparison of Motion Energy Analysis and OpenPose. Behav Res Methods 2021; 53:2700-2711. [PMID: 34027597 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the comparability of two video-based tracking techniques, namely, Motion Energy Analysis and OpenPose, in the context of nonverbal synchrony research. Participants aged 23-69 years held a 15-min unstructured conversation with a same-gender partner of the same generation. Each participant's movements were quantified with two algorithms, which were separately submitted to a wavelet transform to assess synchrony between the partners. Wavelet coherence and information in the relative phase were used to measure the intensities and patterns of synchrony, respectively. As a benchmark of the test results, gender effects and correlation with the Big Five personality traits were examined. Irrespective of the tracking technique used, the results consistently illustrated gender effects: female dyads showed more synchrony than male dyads. Among the Big Five personality traits, only Extraversion was significantly associated with synchrony in either tracking technique. The gender effect remained significant in both the tracking techniques even when controlling for personality traits, indicating that both individual (i.e., personality) and social (i.e., gender) factors contribute to synchrony. The use of video-tracking techniques in the research on synchrony for future studies was also discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gvirts Problovski HZ, Lavi D, Yozevitch R, Sherman M, Hagay Y, Dahan A. Impairments of interpersonal synchrony evident in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 212:103210. [PMID: 33202312 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to well-known attention deficiencies, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is accompanied by deficiencies in social cognition. Both intentional and spontaneous interpersonal synchrony have been found to be an essential part of successful human interaction. Here, we used a novel paradigm to assess intentional and spontaneous interpersonal synchrony in adults with and without ADHD. Our data indicate that intentional interpersonal synchrony is reduced in ADHD, whereas spontaneous interpersonal synchrony remains intact. These results suggest that a dysfunctional pattern of interpersonal synchrony may account for interpersonal difficulties in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Lavi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Roi Yozevitch
- Department of Computer Science Holon Institue of Technology, Israel
| | - Mor Sherman
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Yael Hagay
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Digitized Autism Observation Diagnostic Schedule: Social Interactions beyond the Limits of the Naked Eye. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040159. [PMID: 33050080 PMCID: PMC7711822 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity and non-linear dynamics of socio-motor phenomena underlying social interactions are often missed by observation methods that attempt to capture, describe, and rate the exchange in real time. Unknowingly to the rater, socio-motor behaviors of a dyad exert mutual influence over each other through subliminal mirroring and shared cohesiveness that escape the naked eye. Implicit in these ratings nonetheless is the assumption that the other participant of the social dyad has an identical nervous system as that of the interlocutor, and that sensory-motor information is processed similarly by both agents’ brains. What happens when this is not the case? We here use the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) to formally study social dyadic interactions, at the macro- and micro-level of behaviors, by combining observation with digital data from wearables. We find that integrating subjective and objective data reveals fundamentally new ways to improve standard clinical tools, even to differentiate females from males using the digital version of the test. More generally, this work offers a way to turn a traditional, gold-standard clinical instrument into an objective outcome measure of human social behaviors and treatment effectiveness.
Collapse
|
18
|
Walking and talking independently predict interpersonal impressions. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2020; 210:103172. [PMID: 32980633 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
When walking alongside someone, you may feel that your legs move in synchrony with theirs. Recent studies have shown that walk-in-synch behaviour observed in natural settings occurs at a rate significantly greater than would be expected by chance, and that the amount of this synchrony is related to interpersonal impressions. However, in such natural settings, the existence of verbal conversations between paired walkers should affect the interpersonal impressions and the effect is not distinguished from the effect of walk-in-synch on the impressions so far. In the current study, we used the analysis of conversation and path analysis to discriminate these two effects (i.e., the effects of synchronization of walking and conversation on interpersonal impressions). Analysis of conversation during the walk revealed that the amount of utterance overlap and the number of turn-takings between two walkers as well as the synchronization of steps predicted their positive interpersonal impression, while synchronization of steps and these two conversational indices were not correlated with each other. We propose that interpersonal synchronization of body movements, such as synchronization of steps itself in paired walking, plays a role in fostering the development of interpersonal relationships.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dale R, Bryant GA, Manson JH, Gervais MM. Body synchrony in triadic interaction. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200095. [PMID: 33047010 PMCID: PMC7540751 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans subtly synchronize body movement during face-to-face conversation. In this context, bodily synchrony has been linked to affiliation and social bonding, task success and comprehension, and potential conflict. Almost all studies of conversational synchrony involve dyads, and relatively less is known about the structure of synchrony in groups larger than two. We conducted an optic flow analysis of body movement in triads engaged in face-to-face conversation, and explored a common measure of synchrony: time-aligned bodily covariation. We correlated this measure of synchrony with a diverse set of covariates related to the outcome of interactions. Triads showed higher maximum cross-correlation relative to a surrogate baseline, and 'meta-synchrony', in that composite dyads in a triad tended to show correlated structure. A windowed analysis also revealed that synchrony varies widely across an interaction. As in prior studies, average synchrony was low but statistically reliable in just a few minutes of interaction. In an exploratory analysis, we investigated the potential function of body synchrony by predicting it from various covariates, such as linguistic style matching, liking, laughter and cooperative play in a behavioural economic game. Exploratory results do not reveal a clear function for synchrony, though colaughter within triads was associated with greater body synchrony, and is consistent with an earlier analysis showing a positive connection between colaughter and cooperation. We end by discussing the importance of expanding and codifying analyses of synchrony and assessing its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick Dale
- Department of Communication, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Author for correspondence: Rick Dale e-mail:
| | - Gregory A. Bryant
- Department of Communication, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H. Manson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew M. Gervais
- Centre for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stupacher J, Witek MAG, Vuoskoski JK, Vuust P. Cultural Familiarity and Individual Musical Taste Differently Affect Social Bonding when Moving to Music. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10015. [PMID: 32572038 PMCID: PMC7308378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social bonds are essential for our health and well-being. Music provides a unique and implicit context for social bonding by introducing temporal and affective frameworks, which facilitate movement synchronization and increase affiliation. How these frameworks are modulated by cultural familiarity and individual musical preferences remain open questions. In three experiments, we operationalized the affective aspects of social interactions as ratings of interpersonal closeness between two walking stick-figures in a video. These figures represented a virtual self and a virtual other person. The temporal aspects of social interactions were manipulated by movement synchrony: while the virtual self always moved in time with the beat of instrumental music, the virtual other moved either synchronously or asynchronously. When the context-providing music was more enjoyed, social closeness increased strongly with a synchronized virtual other, but only weakly with an asynchronized virtual other. When the music was more familiar, social closeness was higher independent of movement synchrony. We conclude that the social context provided by music can strengthen interpersonal closeness by increasing temporal and affective self-other overlaps. Individual musical preferences might be more relevant for the influence of movement synchrony on social bonding than musical familiarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stupacher
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Maria A G Witek
- Department of Music, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna K Vuoskoski
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Movement, Department of Musicology & Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pouw W, Dixon JA. Entrainment and Modulation of Gesture-Speech Synchrony Under Delayed Auditory Feedback. Cogn Sci 2020; 43:e12721. [PMID: 30900288 PMCID: PMC6593786 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gesture–speech synchrony re‐stabilizes when hand movement or speech is disrupted by a delayed feedback manipulation, suggesting strong bidirectional coupling between gesture and speech. Yet it has also been argued from case studies in perceptual–motor pathology that hand gestures are a special kind of action that does not require closed‐loop re‐afferent feedback to maintain synchrony with speech. In the current pre‐registered within‐subject study, we used motion tracking to conceptually replicate McNeill's (1992) classic study on gesture–speech synchrony under normal and 150 ms delayed auditory feedback of speech conditions (NO DAF vs. DAF). Consistent with, and extending McNeill's original results, we obtain evidence that (a) gesture‐speech synchrony is more stable under DAF versus NO DAF (i.e., increased coupling effect), (b) that gesture and speech variably entrain to the external auditory delay as indicated by a consistent shift in gesture‐speech synchrony offsets (i.e., entrainment effect), and (c) that the coupling effect and the entrainment effect are co‐dependent. We suggest, therefore, that gesture–speech synchrony provides a way for the cognitive system to stabilize rhythmic activity under interfering conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Pouw
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut.,Department of Psychology, Education& Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam
| | - James A Dixon
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rigoli LM, Lorenz T, Coey C, Kallen R, Jordan S, Richardson MJ. Co-actors Exhibit Similarity in Their Structure of Behavioural Variation That Remains Stable Across Range of Naturalistic Activities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6308. [PMID: 32286413 PMCID: PMC7156677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human behaviour, along with any natural/biological behaviour, has varying degrees of intrinsic 'noise' or variability. Many studies have shown that the structure or patterning of this variability is sensitive to changes in task and constraint. Furthermore, two or more humans interacting together often begin to exhibit similar structures of behavioural variability (i.e., the patterning of their behavioural fluctuations becomes aligned or matched) independent of any moment-to-moment synchronization (termed complexity matching). However, much of the previous work has focused on a subset of simple or contrived behaviours within the context of highly controlled laboratory tasks. In the current study, individuals and pairs performed five self-paced (unsupervised), semi-structured activities around a university campus. Empatica E4 wristbands and iPhones were used to record the participants' behavioural activity via accelerometers and GPS. The results revealed that the structure of variability in naturalistic human behaviour co-varies with the task-goal constraints, and that the patterning of the behavioural fluctuations exhibited by co-acting individuals does become aligned during the performance of everyday activities. The results also revealed that the degree of complexity matching that occurred between pairs remained invariant across activity type, indicating that this measure could be employed as a robust, task-independent index of interpersonal behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian M Rigoli
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Center for Cognition, Action & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Tamara Lorenz
- Center for Cognition, Action & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles Coey
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Kallen
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Jordan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Richardson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ardizzi M, Calbi M, Tavaglione S, Umiltà MA, Gallese V. Audience spontaneous entrainment during the collective enjoyment of live performances: physiological and behavioral measurements. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3813. [PMID: 32123246 PMCID: PMC7052145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac synchrony is a crucial component of shared experiences, considered as an objective measure of emotional processes accompanying empathic interactions. No study has investigated whether cardiac synchrony among people engaged in collective situations links to the individual emotional evaluation of the shared experience. We investigated theatrical live performances as collective experiences evoking strong emotional engagement in the audience. Cross Recurrence Quantification Analysis was applied to obtain the cardiac synchrony of twelve spectators’ quartets attending to two live acting performances. This physiological measure was then correlated with spectators’ emotional intensity ratings. Results showed an expected increment in synchrony among people belonging to the same quartet during both performances attendance and rest periods. Furthermore, participants’ cardiac synchrony was found to be correlated with audience’s convergence in the explicit emotional evaluation of the performances they attended to. These findings demonstrate that the mere co-presence of other people sharing a common experience is enough for cardiac synchrony to occur spontaneously and that it increases in function of a shared and coherent explicit emotional experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ardizzi
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marta Calbi
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Tavaglione
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Gallese
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Art History Columbia University, Italian Academy for Advanced Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang W, Lei D, Keedy SK, Ivleva EI, Eum S, Yao L, Tamminga CA, Clementz BA, Keshavan MS, Pearlson GD, Gershon ES, Bishop JR, Gong Q, Lui S, Sweeney JA. Brain gray matter network organization in psychotic disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:666-674. [PMID: 31812151 PMCID: PMC7021697 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal neuroanatomic brain networks have been reported in schizophrenia, but their characterization across patients with psychotic disorders, and their potential alterations in nonpsychotic relatives, remain to be clarified. Participants recruited by the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes consortium included 326 probands with psychotic disorders (107 with schizophrenia (SZ), 87 with schizoaffective disorder (SAD), 132 with psychotic bipolar disorder (BD)), 315 of their nonpsychotic first-degree relatives and 202 healthy controls. Single-subject gray matter graphs were extracted from structural MRI scans, and whole-brain neuroanatomic organization was compared across the participant groups. Compared with healthy controls, psychotic probands showed decreased nodal efficiency mainly in bilateral superior temporal regions. These regions had altered morphological relationships primarily with frontal lobe regions, and their network-level alterations were associated with positive symptoms of psychosis. Nonpsychotic relatives showed lower nodal centrality metrics in the prefrontal cortex and subcortical regions, and higher nodal centrality metrics in the left cingulate cortex and left thalamus. Diagnosis-specific analysis indicated that individuals with SZ had lower nodal efficiency in bilateral superior temporal regions than controls, probands with SAD only exhibited lower nodal efficiency in the left superior and middle temporal gyrus, and individuals with psychotic BD did not show significant differences from healthy controls. Our findings provide novel evidence of clinically relevant disruptions in the anatomic association of the superior temporal lobe with other regions of whole-brain networks in patients with psychotic disorders, but not in their unaffected relatives, suggesting that it is a disease-related trait. Network disorganization primarily involving frontal lobe and subcortical regions in nonpsychotic relatives may be related to familial illness risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Du Lei
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elena I Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Seenae Eum
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheng M, Kato M, Saunders JA, Tseng CH. Paired walkers with better first impression synchronize better. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227880. [PMID: 32084136 PMCID: PMC7034894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study measured automatic walking synchronization and how it associates with social impression. Previous studies discovered positive social consequence of motor synchrony with ecological paradigms (e.g. body movement synchrony between therapists and patients in clinical sessions, and the synchrony of side-by-side walkers). However, most studies of joint movement with high ecological validity face the same challenge, namely that conversations between participants might be the main or a partial contributor to the observed social benefits, as conversation is well documented to promote understanding and motor synchronization. We addressed this issue by using a novel paradigm to remove the conversation component and examined how synchrony per se interacted with social impression. Participants were paired to walk side by side in silence (i.e. without conversation) and their social impression toward each other was rated before/after the paired walk. Our results showed that walkers' first impression was positively associated with their step synchronization rate in the silent paired walk. Together with past findings, the bi-directional relation between body entrainment and social functions suggests that implicit nonverbal communication plays a significant role in providing a basis for interpersonal interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cheng
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Masaharu Kato
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Chia-huei Tseng
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Georgescu AL, Koeroglu S, Hamilton AFDC, Vogeley K, Falter-Wagner CM, Tschacher W. Reduced nonverbal interpersonal synchrony in autism spectrum disorder independent of partner diagnosis: a motion energy study. Mol Autism 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32014017 PMCID: PMC6998161 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main diagnostic features of individuals with autism spectrum disorders is nonverbal behaviour difficulties during naturalistic social interactions. The 'Interactional Heterogeneity Hypothesis' of ASD proposes that the degree to which individuals share a common ground substantially influences their ability to achieve smooth social interactions. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we filmed 29 autistic and 29 matched typically developed adults engaged in several conversational tasks. Windowed cross-lagged correlations were computed using the time series of motion energy of both individuals in a dyad. These coefficients were then compared across the three dyad types that were homo- or heterogenous with respect to diagnosis: pairs of two autistic individuals, two typically developed individuals or pairs of one autistic and one typically developed person. RESULTS We found that all dyad types achieved above-chance interpersonal synchrony, but that synchrony was more expressed in typical dyads compared to both autistic and mixed dyads. LIMITATIONS The method presented here provides only one, albeit objective and robust, approach to explore synchrony. The methodological choices as well as the lack of consideration for other communication modalities may limit our interpretation of the findings. Moreover, the sample size is small with respect to exploring associations between synchrony and various outcome and social skill measures. CONCLUSIONS The present results do not provide support for the Interactional Heterogeneity Hypothesis given that autistic individuals do not coordinate better when interacting with another autistic individual, compared to when interacting with a typical individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Georgescu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Campus, Addison House, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - S Koeroglu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A F de C Hamilton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - K Vogeley
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine - Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - C M Falter-Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - W Tschacher
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Georgescu AL, Koehler JC, Weiske J, Vogeley K, Koutsouleris N, Falter-Wagner C. Machine Learning to Study Social Interaction Difficulties in ASD. Front Robot AI 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 33501147 PMCID: PMC7805744 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by difficulties in social communication and social interaction as well as repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Prevalence rates have been rising, and existing diagnostic methods are both extremely time and labor consuming. There is an urgent need for more economic and objective automatized diagnostic tools that are independent of language and experience of the diagnostician and that can help deal with the complexity of the autistic phenotype. Technological advancements in machine learning are offering a potential solution, and several studies have employed computational approaches to classify ASD based on phenomenological, behavioral or neuroimaging data. Despite of being at the core of ASD diagnosis and having the potential to be used as a behavioral marker for machine learning algorithms, only recently have movement parameters been used as features in machine learning classification approaches. In a proof-of-principle analysis of data from a social interaction study we trained a classification algorithm on intrapersonal synchrony as an automatically and objectively measured phenotypic feature from 29 autistic and 29 typically developed individuals to differentiate those individuals with ASD from those without ASD. Parameters included nonverbal motion energy values from 116 videos of social interactions. As opposed to previous studies to date, our classification approach has been applied to non-verbal behavior objectively captured during naturalistic and complex interactions with a real human interaction partner assuring high external validity. A machine learning approach lends itself particularly for capturing heterogeneous and complex behavior in real social interactions and will be essential in developing automatized and objective classification methods in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Livia Georgescu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jana Christina Koehler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Vogeley
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Falter-Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Conversation between two people involves subtle nonverbal coordination in addition to speech. However, the precise parameters and timing of this coordination remain unclear, which limits our ability to theorize about the neural and cognitive mechanisms of social coordination. In particular, it is unclear if conversation is dominated by synchronization (with no time lag), rapid and reactive mimicry (with lags under 1 s) or traditionally observed mimicry (with several seconds lag), each of which demands a different neural mechanism. Here we describe data from high-resolution motion capture of the head movements of pairs of participants (n = 31 dyads) engaged in structured conversations. In a pre-registered analysis pathway, we calculated the wavelet coherence of head motion within dyads as a measure of their nonverbal coordination and report two novel results. First, low-frequency coherence (0.2–1.1 Hz) is consistent with traditional observations of mimicry, and modeling shows this behavior is generated by a mechanism with a constant 600 ms lag between leader and follower. This is in line with rapid reactive (rather than predictive or memory-driven) models of mimicry behavior, and could be implemented in mirror neuron systems. Second, we find an unexpected pattern of lower-than-chance coherence between participants, or hypo-coherence, at high frequencies (2.6–6.5 Hz). Exploratory analyses show that this systematic decoupling is driven by fast nodding from the listening member of the dyad, and may be a newly identified social signal. These results provide a step towards the quantification of real-world human behavior in high resolution and provide new insights into the mechanisms of social coordination.
Collapse
|
29
|
Fujiwara K, Kimura M, Daibo I. Rhythmic Features of Movement Synchrony for Bonding Individuals in Dyadic Interaction. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10919-019-00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study examined ways in which rhythmic features of movement contribute to bonding between individuals. Though previous studies have described synchrony as a form of social glue, this research extends those findings to consider the impact of fast versus slow tempo on movement synchrony. This two-part experiment examined dyadic interactions as they occurred between same-sex strangers (Study 1) and friends (Study 2). Participants were video-recorded as they engaged in 5- or 6-min chats, and synchrony was evaluated using wavelet transform via calculations of cross-wavelet coherence. Study 1 employed regression commonality analysis and hierarchical linear modeling and found that among various frequency bands, rapport between individuals was positively associated with synchrony under 0.025 Hz (i.e., slower than once every 40 s) and 0.5–1.5 Hz (i.e., once every 0.67–2 s). On the contrary, Study 2 determined that synchrony of 0.5–1.5 Hz was not impactful among friend dyads and only predictive of the motivation to cultivate a friendly relationship during interactions with strangers. These results indicate the existence of a distinctive rhythm for bonding individuals, and the role of pre-existing friendship as a moderator of the bonding effect of synchrony. However, the role of relative phase (i.e., timing of movement; same versus opposite timing) remains unclear, as the ratio of in- and anti-phase patterning had no significant influence on perceived rapport and motivation to develop relationships. On the basis of the research results, a theoretical contribution is proposed to the study of interpersonal coordination.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wiltshire TJ, Steffensen SV, Fiore SM. Multiscale movement coordination dynamics in collaborative team problem solving. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 79:143-151. [PMID: 30103905 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During collaborative problem solving (CPS), coordination occurs at different spatial and temporal scales. This multiscale coordination should play a functional role in facilitating effective collaboration. To evaluate this, we conducted a study of computer-based CPS with 42 dyadic teams. We used cross-wavelet coherence to examine movement coordination, extracted from videos, at several scales, and tested whether the observed coordination was greater than expected due to chance and due to task demands. We found that coordination at scales less than 2s was greater than chance and at most scales (except 16s, 1m, and 2m), was greater than expected due to task demands. Lastly, we observed that coherence at .25s and 1s scales was predictive of performance. However, when including relative phase, our results suggest that higher in-phase movement coordination at the 1s scale was the strongest predictor of CPS performance. Further, we used growth curve modeling to examine how movement coordination changes across the duration of the task and whether this is moderated by CPS performance. We found that coordination over the duration of the CPS task is quadratic (a U shape) and that better performing teams have higher coordination with a shallower curve. We discuss these findings and their relevance to understanding how low-level movement coordination facilitates CPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Wiltshire
- Centre for Human Interactivity, Department of Language & Communication, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark; Department of Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Dante Building room D 346, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Sune Vork Steffensen
- Centre for Human Interactivity, Department of Language & Communication, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stephen M Fiore
- Institute for Simulation and Training & Department of Philosophy, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Heggli OA, Konvalinka I, Kringelbach ML, Vuust P. Musical interaction is influenced by underlying predictive models and musical expertise. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11048. [PMID: 31363106 PMCID: PMC6667437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical interaction is a unique model for understanding humans’ ability to align goals, intentions, and actions, which also allows for the manipulation of participants’ internal predictive models of upcoming events. Here we used polyrhythms to construct two joint finger tapping tasks that even when rhythmically dissimilar resulted in equal inter-tap intervals (ITIs). Thus, behaviourally a dyad of two musicians tap isochronously at the same rate, yet with their own distinct rhythmical context model (RCM). We recruited 22 highly skilled musicians (in 11 dyads) and contrasted the effect of having a shared versus non-shared RCM on dyads’ synchronization behaviour. As expected, tapping synchronization was significantly worse at the start of trials with non-shared models compared to trials with a shared model. However, the musicians were able to quickly recover when holding dissimilar predictive models. We characterised the directionality in the tapping behaviour of the dyads and found patterns mostly of mutual adaptation. Yet, in a subset of dyads primarily consisting of drummers, we found significantly different synchronization patterns, suggesting that instrument expertise can significantly affect synchronization strategies. Overall, this demonstrates that holding different predictive models impacts synchronization in musicians performing joint finger tapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole A Heggli
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ivana Konvalinka
- Section for Cognitive Systems, DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fujiwara K, Kimura M, Daibo I. Gender differences in synchrony: Females in sync during unstructured dyadic conversation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Fujiwara
- Faculty of Human Sciences Osaka University of Economics Osaka Japan
| | | | - Ikuo Daibo
- Hokusei Gakuen University Hokkaido Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shao J, Meng C, Tahmasian M, Brandl F, Yang Q, Luo G, Luo C, Yao D, Gao L, Riedl V, Wohlschläger A, Sorg C. Common and distinct changes of default mode and salience network in schizophrenia and major depression. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1708-1719. [PMID: 29460166 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain imaging reveals schizophrenia as a disorder of macroscopic brain networks. In particular, default mode and salience network (DMN, SN) show highly consistent alterations in both interacting brain activity and underlying brain structure. However, the same networks are also altered in major depression. This overlap in network alterations induces the question whether DMN and SN changes are different across both disorders, potentially indicating distinct underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. To address this question, we acquired T1-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and resting-state functional MRI in patients with schizophrenia, patients with major depression, and healthy controls. We measured regional gray matter volume, inter-regional structural and intrinsic functional connectivity of DMN and SN, and compared these measures across groups by generalized Wilcoxon rank tests, while controlling for symptoms and medication. When comparing patients with controls, we found in each patient group SN volume loss, impaired DMN structural connectivity, and aberrant DMN and SN functional connectivity. When comparing patient groups, SN gray matter volume loss and DMN structural connectivity reduction did not differ between groups, but in schizophrenic patients, functional hyperconnectivity between DMN and SN was less in comparison to depressed patients. Results provide evidence for distinct functional hyperconnectivity between DMN and SN in schizophrenia and major depression, while structural changes in DMN and SN were similar. Distinct hyperconnectivity suggests different pathophysiological mechanism underlying aberrant DMN-SN interactions in schizophrenia and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junming Shao
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China.,Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Meng
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Felix Brandl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Qinli Yang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangchun Luo
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianli Gao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Valentin Riedl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Afra Wohlschläger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,TUM-Neuroimaging Center of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Diamantopoulou A, Gogos JA. Neurocognitive and Perceptual Processing in Genetic Mouse Models of Schizophrenia: Emerging Lessons. Neuroscientist 2019; 25:597-619. [PMID: 30654694 DOI: 10.1177/1073858418819435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, the number of animal models of psychiatric disorders has grown exponentially. Of these, genetic animal models that are modeled after rare but highly penetrant mutations hold great promise for deciphering critical molecular, synaptic, and neurocircuitry deficits of major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Animal models should aim to focus on core aspects rather than capture the entire human disease. In this context, animal models with strong etiological validity, where behavioral and neurophysiological phenotypes and the features of the disease being modeled are in unambiguous homology, are being used to dissect both elementary and complex cognitive and perceptual processing deficits present in psychiatric disorders at the level of neurocircuitry, shedding new light on critical disease mechanisms. Recent progress in neuroscience along with large-scale initiatives that propose a consistent approach in characterizing these deficits across different laboratories will further enhance the efficacy of these studies that will ultimately lead to identifying new biological targets for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Diamantopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A Gogos
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Coey CA, Kallen RW, Chemero A, Richardson MJ. Exploring complexity matching and asynchrony dynamics in synchronized and syncopated task performances. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 62:81-104. [PMID: 30268998 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When two people synchronize their rhythmic behaviors (e.g., finger tapping; walking) they match one another not only at a local scale of beat-to-beat intervals, but also at a global scale of the complex (fractal) patterns of variation in their interval series. This "complexity matching" had been demonstrated in a variety of timing behaviors, but the current study was designed to address two important gaps in previous research. First, very little was known about complexity matching outside of synchronization tasks. This was important because different modes are associated with differences in the strength of coordination and the fractal scaling of the task performance. Second, very little was known about the dynamics of the asynchrony series. This was important because asynchrony is a variable directly quantifying the coordination between the two timing behaviors and the task goal. So, the current study explored complexity matching in both synchronized and syncopated finger tapping tasks, and included analyses of the fractal scaling of the asynchrony series. Participants completed an interpersonal finger tapping task, in both synchronization and syncopation conditions. The magnitude of variation and the exact power law scaling of the tapping intervals were manipulated by having one participant tap in time with a metronome. Complexity matching was most stable when there was sufficient variation in the task behavior and when a persistent scaling dynamic was presented. There were, however, several interesting differences between the two coordination modes, in terms of the heterogeneity of the complexity matching effect and the scaling of the asynchronies. These findings raised a number of important points concerning how to approach and understand the interaction of inherently complex systems.
Collapse
|
36
|
Peripheral Network Connectivity Analyses for the Real-Time Tracking of Coupled Bodies in Motion. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18093117. [PMID: 30223588 PMCID: PMC6164645 DOI: 10.3390/s18093117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dyadic interactions are ubiquitous in our lives, yet they are highly challenging to study. Many subtle aspects of coupled bodily dynamics continuously unfolding during such exchanges have not been empirically parameterized. As such, we have no formal statistical methods to describe the spontaneously self-emerging coordinating synergies within each actor’s body and across the dyad. Such cohesive motion patterns self-emerge and dissolve largely beneath the awareness of the actors and the observers. Consequently, hand coding methods may miss latent aspects of the phenomena. The present paper addresses this gap and provides new methods to quantify the moment-by-moment evolution of self-emerging cohesiveness during highly complex ballet routines. We use weighted directed graphs to represent the dyads as dynamically coupled networks unfolding in real-time, with activities captured by a grid of wearable sensors distributed across the dancers’ bodies. We introduce new visualization tools, signal parameterizations, and a statistical platform that integrates connectivity metrics with stochastic analyses to automatically detect coordination patterns and self-emerging cohesive coupling as they unfold in real-time. Potential applications of these new techniques are discussed in the context of personalized medicine, basic research, and the performing arts.
Collapse
|
37
|
Pfeiffer R, Wallace M, Lense M. Social motor coordination during adult-child interactions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1423:275-283. [PMID: 29727030 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Social motor coordination (SMC) pertains to the timing of contingent movements during social interactions and is of high relevance for successful social and musical interactions. Semi-automated, objective methods are increasingly being used to analyze SMC, though it is unclear if these methods are feasible in naturalistic settings with young children. The purpose of the current preliminary study was to explore SMC in adult-child dyads during semi-structured social interactions. Thirteen dyads (mean age of children = 36 months) participated in a predictable turn-taking task from a social communication assessment, and a semi-automated frame-difference approach was used to capture movement activity. Relative timing and activity approaches revealed that, while there is some evidence of co-occurring movement, the dyad predominantly exhibited patterns of responsive movement activity (e.g., turn taking or alternating movement) consistent with the activity's structure. Future work may extend these approaches to social musical interactions in order to examine movement coordination and prosocial behavior during joint music-making activities with young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pfeiffer
- Program for Music, Mind, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark Wallace
- Program for Music, Mind, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Developmental Disabilities, Nashville, Tennessee
- Graduate School, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Miriam Lense
- Program for Music, Mind, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Developmental Disabilities, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- The Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abney DH, Dale R, Louwerse MM, Kello CT. The Bursts and Lulls of Multimodal Interaction: Temporal Distributions of Behavior Reveal Differences Between Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication. Cogn Sci 2018; 42:1297-1316. [PMID: 29630740 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of naturalistic face-to-face communication have demonstrated coordination patterns such as the temporal matching of verbal and non-verbal behavior, which provides evidence for the proposal that verbal and non-verbal communicative control derives from one system. In this study, we argue that the observed relationship between verbal and non-verbal behaviors depends on the level of analysis. In a reanalysis of a corpus of naturalistic multimodal communication (Louwerse, Dale, Bard, & Jeuniaux, ), we focus on measuring the temporal patterns of specific communicative behaviors in terms of their burstiness. We examined burstiness estimates across different roles of the speaker and different communicative modalities. We observed more burstiness for verbal versus non-verbal channels, and for more versus less informative language subchannels. Using this new method for analyzing temporal patterns in communicative behaviors, we show that there is a complex relationship between verbal and non-verbal channels. We propose a "temporal heterogeneity" hypothesis to explain how the language system adapts to the demands of dialog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew H Abney
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | - Rick Dale
- Department of Communication, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Max M Louwerse
- Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pan X, Hamilton AFDC. Why and how to use virtual reality to study human social interaction: The challenges of exploring a new research landscape. Br J Psychol 2018; 109:395-417. [PMID: 29504117 PMCID: PMC6055846 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As virtual reality (VR) technology and systems become more commercially available and accessible, more and more psychologists are starting to integrate VR as part of their methods. This approach offers major advantages in experimental control, reproducibility, and ecological validity, but also has limitations and hidden pitfalls which may distract the novice user. This study aimed to guide the psychologist into the novel world of VR, reviewing available instrumentation and mapping the landscape of possible systems. We use examples of state‐of‐the‐art research to describe challenges which research is now solving, including embodiment, uncanny valley, simulation sickness, presence, ethics, and experimental design. Finally, we propose that the biggest challenge for the field would be to build a fully interactive virtual human who can pass a VR Turing test – and that this could only be achieved if psychologists, VR technologists, and AI researchers work together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Pan
- Department of Computing, Goldsmiths College, University of London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Evidence of embodied social competence during conversation in high functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193906. [PMID: 29505608 PMCID: PMC5837293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Even high functioning children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit impairments that affect their ability to carry out and maintain effective social interactions in multiple contexts. One aspect of subtle nonverbal communication that might play a role in this impairment is the whole-body motor coordination that naturally arises between people during conversation. The current study aimed to measure the time-dependent, coordinated whole-body movements between children with ASD and a clinician during a conversational exchange using tools of nonlinear dynamics. Given the influence that subtle interpersonal coordination has on social interaction feelings, we expected there to be important associations between the dynamic motor movement measures introduced in the current study and the measures used traditionally to categorize ASD impairment (ADOS-2, joint attention and theory of mind). The study found that children with ASD coordinated their bodily movements with a clinician, that these movements were complex and that the complexity of the children’s movements matched that of the clinician’s movements. Importantly, the degree of this bodily coordination was related to higher social cognitive ability. This suggests children with ASD are embodying some degree of social competence during conversations. This study demonstrates the importance of further investigating the subtle but important bodily movement coordination that occurs during social interaction in children with ASD.
Collapse
|
41
|
Fitzpatrick P, Romero V, Amaral JL, Duncan A, Barnard H, Richardson MJ, Schmidt RC. Social Motor Synchronization: Insights for Understanding Social Behavior in Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 47:2092-2107. [PMID: 28425022 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in social interaction and communication are critical features of ASD but the underlying processes are poorly understood. An under-explored area is the social motor synchronization that happens when we coordinate our bodies with others. Here, we explored the relationships between dynamical measures of social motor synchronization and assessments of ASD traits. We found (a) spontaneous social motor synchronization was associated with responding to joint attention, cooperation, and theory of mind while intentional social motor synchronization was associated with initiating joint attention and theory of mind; and (b) social motor synchronization was associated with ASD severity but not fully explained by motor problems. Findings suggest that objective measures of social motor synchronization may provide insights into understanding ASD traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fitzpatrick
- Department of Psychology, Assumption College, 500 Salisbury Street, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
| | - Veronica Romero
- Center for Cognition, Action and Perception, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph L Amaral
- Center for Cognition, Action and Perception, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amie Duncan
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Holly Barnard
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,, Mason, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Richardson
- Center for Cognition, Action and Perception, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R C Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fujiwara K, Daibo I. Affect as an antecedent of synchrony: A spectrum analysis with wavelet transform. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2018. [PMCID: PMC6293454 DOI: 10.1177/1747021817745861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study explored whether affect could be an antecedent of synchrony (i.e., the
convergence of rhythm and timing) in face-to-face conversations. Although previous studies
have failed to illustrate that affective valence causes synchrony, they did not employ
experimental manipulation of affective state and did not consider the affective contrast
between interacting participants. In this study, two experiments were conducted on dyadic
interactions with a same-sex stranger. Experiment 1 focused on affective valence, and
Experiment 2 investigated the influence of affective contrast on synchrony. Participants
engaged in a 6-min chat. Positive or negative affect was separately induced using a video
(Experiment 1) or an affective picture set (Experiment 2) before conversation to stimulate
each two conditions: positive versus negative affective state (Experiment 1) or low versus
high contrast in affective state (Experiment 2). Synchrony was evaluated using wavelet
transform, via calculation of the cross-wavelet coherence (WTC) and relative phasing
pattern (i.e., in-phase and anti-phase), as well as cross-correlation. Results showed that
cross-WTC and proportion of in-phase patterning were not influenced by affective valence
(Experiments 1 and 2); however, they were higher in the low-contrast condition compared
with the high-contrast condition (Experiment 2). Cross-correlation, on the contrary, could
not find a significant difference in Experiments 1 and 2. These results were discussed
from the perspective of cognitive and motivational processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Fujiwara
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University of Economics, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Daibo
- School of Motivation and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Future University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Walton AE, Washburn A, Langland-Hassan P, Chemero A, Kloos H, Richardson MJ. Creating Time: Social Collaboration in Music Improvisation. Top Cogn Sci 2017; 10:95-119. [PMID: 29152904 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Musical collaboration emerges from the complex interaction of environmental and informational constraints, including those of the instruments and the performance context. Music improvisation in particular is more like everyday interaction in that dynamics emerge spontaneously without a rehearsed score or script. We examined how the structure of the musical context affords and shapes interactions between improvising musicians. Six pairs of professional piano players improvised with two different backing tracks while we recorded both the music produced and the movements of their heads, left arms, and right arms. The backing tracks varied in rhythmic and harmonic information, from a chord progression to a continuous drone. Differences in movement coordination and playing behavior were evaluated using the mathematical tools of complex dynamical systems, with the aim of uncovering the multiscale dynamics that characterize musical collaboration. Collectively, the findings indicated that each backing track afforded the emergence of different patterns of coordination with respect to how the musicians played together, how they moved together, as well as their experience collaborating with each other. Additionally, listeners' experiences of the music when rating audio recordings of the improvised performances were related to the way the musicians coordinated both their playing behavior and their bodily movements. Accordingly, the study revealed how complex dynamical systems methods (namely recurrence analysis) can capture the turn-taking dynamics that characterized both the social exchange of the music improvisation and the sounds of collaboration more generally. The study also demonstrated how musical improvisation provides a way of understanding how social interaction emerges from the structure of the behavioral task context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Auriel Washburn
- Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Stanford University
| | | | - Anthony Chemero
- Department of Philosophy, University of Cincinnati.,Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati
| | - Heidi Kloos
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati
| | - Michael J Richardson
- Department of Psychology and Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao Z, Salesse RN, Marin L, Gueugnon M, Bardy BG. Likability's Effect on Interpersonal Motor Coordination: Exploring Natural Gaze Direction. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1864. [PMID: 29123495 PMCID: PMC5662917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although existing studies indicate a positive effect of interpersonal motor coordination (IMC) on likability, no consensus has been reached as for the effect of likability back onto IMC. The present study specifically investigated the causal effect of likability on IMC and explored, by tracking the natural gaze direction, the possible underlying mechanisms. Twenty-two participants were engaged in an interpersonal finger-tapping task with a confederate in three likability conditions (baseline, likable, and unlikable), while wearing an eye tracker. They had to perform finger tapping at their comfort tempo with the confederate who tapped at the same or 1.5 times of the participant’s preferred frequency. Results showed that when tapping at the same frequency, the effect of likability on IMC varied with time. Participants coordinated at a higher level in the baseline condition at the beginning of the coordination task, and a facilitative effect of likability on IMC was revealed in the last session. As a novelty, our results evidenced a positive correlation between IMC and the amount of gaze onto the coordination partner’s movement only in the likable condition. No effect of likability was found when the confederate was tapping at 1.5 times of the participant’s preferred frequency. Our research suggests that the psychosocial property of the coordinating partner should be taken into consideration when investigating the performance of IMC and that IMC is a parameter that is sensitive to multiple factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ludovic Marin
- EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Benoît G Bardy
- EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gender and autistic traits modulate implicit motor synchrony. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184083. [PMID: 28873419 PMCID: PMC5584984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal motor synchrony during walking or dancing is universally observed across cultures, and this joint movement was modulated by physical and social parameters. However, human interactions are greatly shaped by our unique traits, and self-related factors are surprisingly little studied in the context of interpersonal motor synchrony. In this study, we investigated two such factors known to be highly associated with motor coordination: gender and autistic traits. We employed a real-world task extending our understanding beyond laboratory tasks. Participants of the same gender were paired up to walk and chat in a natural environment. A cover story was introduced so that participants would not know their walking steps were being recorded and instead believed that their location was being tracked by a global positioning system (GPS), so they would ignore the motor recording. We found that the female pairs’ steps were more synchronized than those of the males, and higher autistic tendencies (measured by the autism-spectrum quotient) attenuated synchronous steps. Those who synchronized better had higher impression rating increase for their walking partners (measured by interpersonal judgement scale) than those who synchronized less well. Our results indicated that the participants’ joint movements were shaped by predisposed traits and might share similar mechanism with social functions such as empathy.
Collapse
|
46
|
Issartel J, Gueugnon M, Marin L. Understanding the Impact of Expertise in Joint and Solo-Improvisation. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1078. [PMID: 28713301 PMCID: PMC5492827 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint-improvisation is not only an open-ended creative action that two or more people perform together in the context of an artistic performance (e.g., theatre, music or dance). Joint-improvisation also takes place in daily life activities when humans take part in collective performance such as toddlers at play or adults engaged in a conversation. In the context of this article, joint-improvisation has been looked at from a social motor coordination perspective. In the literature, the nature of the social motor coordination characteristics of joint-improvisation for either the creative aspect or daily life features of this motor performance remains unclear. Additionally, both solo-improvisation and joint-improvisation need to be studied conjointly to establish the influence of the social element of improvisation in the emergence of multi-agent motor coordination. In order to better understand those two types of improvisation, we compared three level of expertise – novice, intermediate and professional in dance improvisation to identify movement characteristics for each of the groups. Pairs of the same level were asked to improvise together. Each individual was also asked to perform an improvisation on his/her own. We found that each of the three groups present specific movement organization with movement complexity increasing with the level of expertise. Experts performed shorter movement duration in conjunction with an increase range of movement. The direct comparison of individual and paired Conditions highlighted that the joint-improvisation reduced the complexity of the movement organization and those for all three levels while maintaining the differences between the groups. This direct comparison amongst those three distinct groups provides an original insight onto the nature of movement patterns in joint-improvisation situation. Overall, it reveals the role of both individual and collective properties in the emergence of social coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Issartel
- Multisensory Motor Learning Laboratory, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City UniversityDublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ludovic Marin
- EuroMov - University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gong Q, Hu X, Pettersson-Yeo W, Xu X, Lui S, Crossley N, Wu M, Zhu H, Mechelli A. Network-Level Dysconnectivity in Drug-Naïve First-Episode Psychosis: Dissociating Transdiagnostic and Diagnosis-Specific Alterations. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:933-940. [PMID: 27782128 PMCID: PMC5312071 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The neuroimaging literature provides compelling evidence for functional dysconnectivity in people with psychosis. However, it is likely that at least some of the observed alterations represent secondary effects of illness chronicity and/or antipsychotic medication. In addition, the extent to which these alterations are specific to psychosis or represent a transdiagnostic feature of psychiatric illness remains unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the diagnostic specificity of functional dysconnectivity in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP). We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and functional connectivity analysis to estimate network-level connectivity in 50 patients with FEP, 50 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 50 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and 122 healthy controls (HCs). The FEP, MDD, and PTSD groups showed reductions in intranetwork connectivity of the default mode network relative to the HC group (p<0.05 corrected); therefore, intranetwork alterations were expressed across the three diagnostic groups. In addition, the FEP group showed heightened internetwork connectivity between the default mode network, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex, and the central executive network relative to the MDD, PTSD, and HC groups (p<0.05 corrected); therefore, internetwork alterations were specific to the FEP. These findings suggest that network-level alterations are present in individuals with a first episode of psychosis who have not been exposed to antipsychotic medication. In addition, they suggest a dissociation between aberrant internetwork connectivity as a distinctive feature of psychosis and aberrant intranetwork connectivity as a transdiagnostic feature of psychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - William Pettersson-Yeo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nicolas Crossley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Min Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Departments of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China, Tel/Fax: +86 (0) 28 85423503, E-mail:
| | - Andrea Mechelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Słowiński P, Alderisio F, Zhai C, Shen Y, Tino P, Bortolon C, Capdevielle D, Cohen L, Khoramshahi M, Billard A, Salesse R, Gueugnon M, Marin L, Bardy BG, di Bernardo M, Raffard S, Tsaneva-Atanasova K. Unravelling socio-motor biomarkers in schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:8. [PMID: 28560254 PMCID: PMC5441525 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-016-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present novel, low-cost and non-invasive potential diagnostic biomarkers of schizophrenia. They are based on the 'mirror-game', a coordination task in which two partners are asked to mimic each other's hand movements. In particular, we use the patient's solo movement, recorded in the absence of a partner, and motion recorded during interaction with an artificial agent, a computer avatar or a humanoid robot. In order to discriminate between the patients and controls, we employ statistical learning techniques, which we apply to nonverbal synchrony and neuromotor features derived from the participants' movement data. The proposed classifier has 93% accuracy and 100% specificity. Our results provide evidence that statistical learning techniques, nonverbal movement coordination and neuromotor characteristics could form the foundation of decision support tools aiding clinicians in cases of diagnostic uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Słowiński
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
| | - Francesco Alderisio
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Building, Exeter, BS8 1UB UK
| | - Chao Zhai
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Building, Exeter, BS8 1UB UK
| | - Yuan Shen
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Peter Tino
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Catherine Bortolon
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U-1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Cohen
- LASA Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne—EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Mahdi Khoramshahi
- LASA Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne—EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Aude Billard
- LASA Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne—EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Robin Salesse
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Mathieu Gueugnon
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Ludovic Marin
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Benoit G. Bardy
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, Montpellier, 34090 France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Mario di Bernardo
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers’ Building, Exeter, BS8 1UB UK
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80125 Italy
| | - Stephane Raffard
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hôpital de la Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France
- Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors, Montpellier-3 University, Montpellier, France
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
- EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
van Dijk L, Rietveld E. Foregrounding Sociomaterial Practice in Our Understanding of Affordances: The Skilled Intentionality Framework. Front Psychol 2017; 7:1969. [PMID: 28119638 PMCID: PMC5220071 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social coordination and affordance perception always take part in concrete situations in real life. Nonetheless, the different fields of ecological psychology studying these phenomena do not seem to make this situated nature an object of study. To integrate both fields and extend the reach of the ecological approach, we introduce the Skilled Intentionality Framework that situates both social coordination and affordance perception within the human form of life and its rich landscape of affordances. We argue that in the human form of life the social and the material are intertwined and best understood as sociomateriality. Taking the form of life as our starting point foregrounds sociomateriality in each perspective we take on engaging with affordances. Using ethnographical examples we show how sociomateriality shows up from three different perspectives we take on affordances in a real-life situation. One perspective shows us a landscape of affordances that the sociomaterial environment offers. Zooming in on this landscape to the perspective of a local observer, we can focus on an individual coordinating with affordances offered by things and other people situated in this landscape. Finally, viewed from within this unfolding activity, we arrive at the person's lived perspective: a field of relevant affordances solicits activity. The Skilled Intentionality Framework offers a way of integrating social coordination and affordance theory by drawing attention to these complementary perspectives. We end by showing a real-life example from the practice of architecture that suggests how this situated view that foregrounds sociomateriality can extend the scope of ecological psychology to forms of so-called "higher" cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger van Dijk
- Amsterdam Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Rietveld
- Amsterdam Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Philosophy/Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Miles LK, Lumsden J, Flannigan N, Allsop JS, Marie D. Coordination Matters: Interpersonal Synchrony Influences Collaborative Problem-Solving. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2017.811121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|