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Jacobsen NSJ, Blum S, Scanlon JEM, Witt K, Debener S. Mobile electroencephalography captures differences of walking over even and uneven terrain but not of single and dual-task gait. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:945341. [PMID: 36275441 PMCID: PMC9582531 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.945341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Walking on natural terrain while performing a dual-task, such as typing on a smartphone is a common behavior. Since dual-tasking and terrain change gait characteristics, it is of interest to understand how altered gait is reflected by changes in gait-associated neural signatures. A study was performed with 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) of healthy volunteers, which was recorded while they walked over uneven and even terrain outdoors with and without performing a concurrent task (self-paced button pressing with both thumbs). Data from n = 19 participants (M = 24 years, 13 females) were analyzed regarding gait-phase related power modulations (GPM) and gait performance (stride time and stride time-variability). GPMs changed significantly with terrain, but not with the task. Descriptively, a greater beta power decrease following right-heel strikes was observed on uneven compared to even terrain. No evidence of an interaction was observed. Beta band power reduction following the initial contact of the right foot was more pronounced on uneven than on even terrain. Stride times were longer on uneven compared to even terrain and during dual- compared to single-task gait, but no significant interaction was observed. Stride time variability increased on uneven terrain compared to even terrain but not during single- compared to dual-tasking. The results reflect that as the terrain difficulty increases, the strides become slower and more irregular, whereas a secondary task slows stride duration only. Mobile EEG captures GPM differences linked to terrain changes, suggesting that the altered gait control demands and associated cortical processes can be identified. This and further studies may help to lay the foundation for protocols assessing the cognitive demand of natural gait on the motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Svenja Josée Jacobsen
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Nadine Svenja Josée Jacobsen
| | - Sarah Blum
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany,Hörzentrum Oldenburg GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Elizabeth Mary Scanlon
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany,Branch for Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology and Research Center Neurosensory Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Debener
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Oldenburg, Germany
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Wang X, Gong G, Li N, Qiu S. Detection Analysis of Epileptic EEG Using a Novel Random Forest Model Combined With Grid Search Optimization. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:52. [PMID: 30846934 PMCID: PMC6393755 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the automatic detection of epileptic seizures, the monitoring of critically ill patients with time varying EEG signals is an essential procedure in intensive care units. There is an increasing interest in using EEG analysis to detect seizure, and in this study we aim to get a better understanding of how to visualize the information in the EEG time-frequency feature, and design and train a novel random forest algorithm for EEG decoding, especially for multiple-levels of illness. Here, we propose an automatic detection framework for epileptic seizure based on multiple time-frequency analysis approaches; it involves a novel random forest model combined with grid search optimization. The short-time Fourier transformation visualizes seizure features after normalization. The dimensionality of features is reduced through principal component analysis before feeding them into the classification model. The training parameters are optimized using grid search optimization to improve detection performance and diagnostic accuracy by in the recognition of three different levels epileptic of conditions (healthy subjects, seizure-free intervals, seizure activity). Our proposed model was used to classify 500 samples of raw EEG data, and multiple cross-validations were adopted to boost the modeling accuracy. Experimental results were evaluated by an accuracy, a confusion matrix, a receiver operating characteristic curve, and an area under the curve. The evaluations indicated that our model achieved the more effective classification than some previous typical methods. Such a scheme for computer-assisted clinical diagnosis of seizures has a potential guiding significance, which not only relieves the suffering of patient with epilepsy to improve quality of life, but also helps neurologists reduce their workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiashuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghong Gong
- Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Luu TP, Brantley JA, Nakagome S, Zhu F, Contreras-Vidal JL. Electrocortical correlates of human level-ground, slope, and stair walking. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188500. [PMID: 29190704 PMCID: PMC5708801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated electrocortical dynamics of human walking across different unconstrained walking conditions (i.e., level ground (LW), ramp ascent (RA), and stair ascent (SA)). Non-invasive active-electrode scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded and a systematic EEG processing method was implemented to reduce artifacts. Source localization combined with independent component analysis and k-means clustering revealed the involvement of four clusters in the brain during the walking tasks: Left and Right Occipital Lobe (LOL, ROL), Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC), and Central Sensorimotor Cortex (SMC). Results showed that the changes of spectral power in the PPC and SMC clusters were associated with the level of motor task demands. Specifically, we observed α and β suppression at the beginning of the gait cycle in both SA and RA walking (relative to LW) in the SMC. Additionally, we observed significant β rebound (synchronization) at the initial swing phase of the gait cycle, which may be indicative of active cortical signaling involved in maintaining the current locomotor state. An increase of low γ band power in this cluster was also found in SA walking. In the PPC, the low γ band power increased with the level of task demands (from LW to RA and SA). Additionally, our results provide evidence that electrocortical amplitude modulations (relative to average gait cycle) are correlated with the level of difficulty in locomotion tasks. Specifically, the modulations in the PPC shifted to higher frequency bands when the subjects walked in RA and SA conditions. Moreover, low γ modulations in the central sensorimotor area were observed in the LW walking and shifted to lower frequency bands in RA and SA walking. These findings extend our understanding of cortical dynamics of human walking at different level of locomotion task demands and reinforces the growing body of literature supporting a shared-control paradigm between spinal and cortical networks during locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trieu Phat Luu
- Noninvasive Brain-Machine Interface System Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Justin A. Brantley
- Noninvasive Brain-Machine Interface System Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sho Nakagome
- Noninvasive Brain-Machine Interface System Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Fangshi Zhu
- Noninvasive Brain-Machine Interface System Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jose L. Contreras-Vidal
- Noninvasive Brain-Machine Interface System Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Brantley JA, Contreras-Vidal JL. Electrocortical amplitude modulations of human level-ground, slope, and stair walking. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:1913-1916. [PMID: 29060266 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates if the electrocortical amplitude modulations relative to the mean gait cycle are different across walking conditions (i.e., level-ground (LW), ramp ascent (RA), and stair ascent (SA)). Non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded and a systematic EEG processing method was implemented to reduce artifacts. Source localization using independent component analysis and k-means clustering revealed the involvement of four clusters in the brain (Left and Right Occipital Lobe, Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC), and Sensorimotor Area) during the walking tasks. We found that electrocortical amplitude modulations varied across different walking conditions. Specifically, our results showed that the modulations in the PPC shifted to higher frequency bands when the subjects walked in RA and SA conditions. Moreover, we found low γ modulations in the sensorimotor area in LW walking and the modulations in this cluster shifted to lower frequency bands in RA and SA walking. These results are a promising step toward the development of a non-invasive Neural-machine Interface (NMI) for locomotion mode recognition.
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Storzer L, Butz M, Hirschmann J, Abbasi O, Gratkowski M, Saupe D, Schnitzler A, Dalal SS. Bicycling and Walking are Associated with Different Cortical Oscillatory Dynamics. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:61. [PMID: 26924977 PMCID: PMC4759288 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bicycling and walking involve similar complex coordinated movements, surprisingly Parkinson’s patients with freezing of gait typically remain able to bicycle despite severe difficulties in walking. This observation suggests functional differences in the motor networks subserving bicycling and walking. However, a direct comparison of brain activity related to bicycling and walking has never been performed, neither in healthy participants nor in patients. Such a comparison could potentially help elucidating the cortical involvement in motor control and the mechanisms through which bicycling ability may be preserved in patients with freezing of gait. The aim of this study was to contrast the cortical oscillatory dynamics involved in bicycling and walking in healthy participants. To this end, EEG and EMG data of 14 healthy participants were analyzed, who cycled on a stationary bicycle at a slow cadence of 40 revolutions per minute (rpm) and walked at 40 strides per minute (spm), respectively. Relative to walking, bicycling was associated with a stronger power decrease in the high beta band (23–35 Hz) during movement initiation and execution, followed by a stronger beta power increase after movement termination. Walking, on the other hand, was characterized by a stronger and persisting alpha power (8–12 Hz) decrease. Both bicycling and walking exhibited movement cycle-dependent power modulation in the 24–40 Hz range that was correlated with EMG activity. This modulation was significantly stronger in walking. The present findings reveal differential cortical oscillatory dynamics in motor control for two types of complex coordinated motor behavior, i.e., bicycling and walking. Bicycling was associated with a stronger sustained cortical activation as indicated by the stronger high beta power decrease during movement execution and less cortical motor control within the movement cycle. We speculate this to be due to the more continuous nature of bicycling demanding less phase-dependent sensory processing and motor planning, as opposed to walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Storzer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Butz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Hirschmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Omid Abbasi
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany; Department of Medical Engineering, Ruhr-University BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Maciej Gratkowski
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Saupe
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarang S Dalal
- Zukunftskolleg and Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
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Seeber M, Scherer R, Wagner J, Solis-Escalante T, Müller-Putz GR. Corrigendum: EEG beta suppression and low gamma modulation are different elements of human upright walking. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:542. [PMID: 26483659 PMCID: PMC4591504 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Seeber
- Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Scherer
- Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria ; Rehabilitation Clinic Judendorf-Strassengel Judendorf-Strassengel, Austria
| | - Johanna Wagner
- Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Teodoro Solis-Escalante
- Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria ; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands
| | - Gernot R Müller-Putz
- Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria ; BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria
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