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Malekahmad M, Frazer A, Zoghi M, Jaberzadeh S. Transcranial pulsed current stimulation: A scoping review of the current literature on scope, nature, underlying mechanisms, and gaps. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14521. [PMID: 38200645 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has aroused considerable attention in recent years. This review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on tPCS, examine the scope and nature of previous research, investigate its underlying mechanisms, and identify gaps in the literature. Searching online databases resulted in 36 published tPCS studies from inception until May 2023. These studies were categorized into three groups: human studies on healthy individuals, human studies on clinical conditions, and animal studies. The findings suggest that tPCS has the potential to modulate brain excitability by entraining neural oscillations and utilizing stochastic resonance. However, the underlying mechanisms of tPCS are not yet fully understood and require further investigation. Furthermore, the included studies indicate that tPCS may have therapeutic potential for neurological diseases. However, before tPCS can be applied in clinical settings, a better understanding of its mechanisms is crucial. Hence, the tPCS studies were categorized into four types of research: basic, strategic, applied, and experimental research, to identify the nature of the literature and gaps. Analysis of these categories revealed that tPCS, with its diverse parameters, effects, and mechanisms, presents a wide range of research opportunities for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Malekahmad
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashlyn Frazer
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Federation University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Klírová M, Voráčková V, Horáček J, Mohr P, Jonáš J, Dudysová DU, Kostýlková L, Fayette D, Krejčová L, Baumann S, Laskov O, Novák T. Modulating Inhibitory Control Processes Using Individualized High Definition Theta Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (HD θ-tACS) of the Anterior Cingulate and Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:611507. [PMID: 33859554 PMCID: PMC8042221 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.611507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased frontal midline theta activity generated by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is induced by conflict processing in the medial frontal cortex (MFC). There is evidence that theta band transcranial alternating current stimulation (θ-tACS) modulates ACC function and alters inhibitory control performance during neuromodulation. Multi-electric (256 electrodes) high definition θ-tACS (HD θ-tACS) using computational modeling based on individual MRI allows precise neuromodulation targeting of the ACC via the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and optimizes the required current density with a minimum impact on the rest of the brain. We therefore tested whether the individualized electrode montage of HD θ-tACS with the current flow targeted to the mPFC-ACC compared with a fixed montage (non-individualized) induces a higher post-modulatory effect on inhibitory control. Twenty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to a sequence of three HD θ-tACS conditions (individualized mPFC-ACC targeting; non-individualized MFC targeting; and a sham) in a double-blind cross-over study. Changes in the Visual Simon Task, Stop Signal Task, CPT III, and Stroop test were assessed before and after each session. Compared with non-individualized θ-tACS, the individualized HD θ-tACS significantly increased the number of interference words and the interference score in the Stroop test. The changes in the non-verbal cognitive tests did not induce a parallel effect. This is the first study to examine the influence of individualized HD θ-tACS targeted to the ACC on inhibitory control performance. The proposed algorithm represents a well-tolerated method that helps to improve the specificity of neuromodulation targeting of the ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Klírová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Voráčková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Mohr
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Juraj Jonáš
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniela Urbaczka Dudysová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Kostýlková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dan Fayette
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Olga Laskov
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Novák
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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3
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Dissanayaka T, Zoghi M, Farrell M, Egan G, Jaberzadeh S. The effects of a single-session cathodal transcranial pulsed current stimulation on corticospinal excitability: A randomized sham-controlled double-blinded study. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4908-4922. [PMID: 33128480 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) of the human motor cortex has received much attention in recent years. Although the effect of anodal tPCS with different frequencies has been investigated, the effect of cathodal tPCS (c-tPCS) has not been explored yet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of c-tPCS at 4 and 75 Hz frequencies on corticospinal excitability (CSE) and motor performance. In a randomized sham-controlled crossover design, fifteen healthy participants attended three experimental sessions and received either c-tPCS at 75 Hz, 4 Hz or sham with 1.5 mA for 15 min. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and grooved pegboard test were performed before, immediately after and 30 min after the completion of stimulation at rest. The findings indicate that c-tPCS at both 4 and 75 Hz significantly increased CSE compared to sham. Both c-tPCS at 75 and 4 Hz showed a significant increase in intracortical facilitation compared to sham, whereas the effect on short-interval intracortical inhibition was not significant. The c-tPCS at 4 Hz but not 75 Hz induced modulation of intracortical facilitation correlated with the CSE. Motor performance did not show any significant changes. These results suggest that, compared with sham stimulation, c-tPCS at both 4 and 75 Hz induces an increase in CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Gary Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Voelker P, Parker AN, Luu P, Davey C, Rothbart MK, Posner MI. Increasing the amplitude of intrinsic theta in the human brain. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 7:418-437. [PMID: 33263079 PMCID: PMC7701373 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a mouse study we found increased myelination of pathways surrounding the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following stimulation near the theta rhythm (4-8 Hz), and evidence that this change in connectivity reduced behavioral anxiety. We cannot use the optogenetic methods with humans that were used in our mouse studies. This paper examines whether it is possible to enhance intrinsic theta amplitudes in humans using less invasive methods. The first experiment compares electrical, auditory and biofeedback as methods for increasing intrinsic theta rhythm amplitudes in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC). These methods are used alone or in conjunction with a task designed to activate the same area. The results favor using electrical stimulation in conjunction with a task targeting this region. Stimulating the ACC increases intrinsic theta more in this area than in a control area distant from the site of stimulation, suggesting some degree of localization of the stimulation. In Experiment 2, we employed electrical stimulation with the electrodes common to each person, or with electrodes selected from an individual head model. We targeted the ACC or Motor Cortex (PMC). At baseline, intrinsic theta is higher in the ACC than the PMC. In both areas, theta can be increased in amplitude by electrical stimulation plus task. In the PMC, theta levels during stimulation plus task are not significantly higher than during task alone. There is no significant difference between generic and individual electrodes. We discuss steps needed to determine whether we can use the electrical stimulation + task to improve the connectivity of white matter in different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Voelker
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene OR, USA
| | - Ashley N Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene OR, USA
| | - Phan Luu
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene OR, USA
- BelCo Eugene OR, USA
| | | | - Mary K Rothbart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene OR, USA
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Ellrich J. Cortical stimulation in pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies. Bioelectron Med 2020; 6:19. [PMID: 32984441 PMCID: PMC7517676 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-020-00054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacoresistance and adverse drug events designate a considerable group of patients with focal epilepsies that require alternative treatments such as neurosurgical intervention and neurostimulation. Electrical or magnetic stimulations of cortical brain areas for the treatment of pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies emerged from preclinical studies and experience through intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in patients. Direct neurostimulation of seizure onset zones in neocortical brain areas may specifically affect neuronal networks involved in epileptiform activity without remarkable adverse influence on physiological cortical processing in immediate vicinity. Noninvasive low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation are suggested to be anticonvulsant; however, potential effects are ephemeral and require effect maintenance by ongoing stimulation. Invasive responsive neurostimulation, chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation, and epicranial cortical stimulation cover a broad range of different emerging technologies with intracranial and epicranial approaches that still have limited market access partly due to ongoing clinical development. Despite significant differences, the present bioelectronic technologies share common mode of actions with acute seizure termination by high-frequency stimulation and long-term depression induced by low-frequency magnetic or electrical stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Ellrich
- Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Precisis AG, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Dissanayaka T, Zoghi M, Hill AT, Farrell M, Egan G, Jaberzadeh S. The Effect of Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation at 4 and 75 Hz on Electroencephalography Theta and High Gamma Band Power: A Pilot Study. Brain Connect 2020; 10:520-531. [PMID: 32962422 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) is an emerging noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has shown significant effects on cortical excitability. To date, electrophysiological measures of the efficiency of monophasic tPCS have not been reported. Objective: We aimed to explore the effects of monophasic anodal and cathodal-tPCS (a-tPCS/c-tPCS) at theta (4 Hz) and gamma (75 Hz) frequencies on theta and high gamma electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory power. Methods: In a single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled crossover design, 15 healthy participants were randomly assigned into 5 experimental sessions in which they received a-PCS/c-tPCS at 4 and 75 Hz or sham stimulation over the left primary motor cortex (M1) for 15 min at an intensity of 1.5 mA. Changes in theta and high gamma oscillatory power were recorded at baseline, immediately after, and 30 min after stimulation using EEG at rest with eyes open. Results: a-tPCS at 4 Hz showed a significant increase in theta power compared with sham, whereas c-tPCS at 4 Hz had no significant effect on theta power. a-tPCS at 75 Hz produced no changes in high gamma power compared with sham. Importantly, c-tPCS at 75 Hz led to a significant reduction in high gamma power compared with baseline, as well as compared with c-tPCS at 4 Hz and sham stimulation. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the modulation of oscillatory brain activity by monophasic tPCS, and highlight the need for future studies on a larger scale to confirm these initial findings. Impact statement Transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) is a novel brain stimulation technique. Recently, tPCS has been introduced to directly modulate brain oscillations by applying pulsatile current over the target brain area. Using both anodal and cathodal monophasic tPCS at theta and gamma frequencies, we demonstrate the ability of the stimulation to modulate brain activity. The present findings are the first direct electroencephalography evidence of an interaction between tPCS and ongoing oscillatory activity in the human motor cortex. Our work recommends tPCS as a tool for investigating human brain oscillations and open more studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aron T Hill
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Farrell
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Gary Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Analyzing the advantages of subcutaneous over transcutaneous electrical stimulation for activating brainwaves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7360. [PMID: 32355172 PMCID: PMC7193608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a widely accepted neuromodulation modality for treating brain disorders. However, its clinical efficacy is fundamentally limited due to the current shunting effect of the scalp and safety issues. A newer electrical stimulation technique called subcutaneous electrical stimulation (SES) promises to overcome the limitations of TES by applying currents directly at the site of the disorder through the skull. While SES seems promising, the electrophysiological effect of SES compared to TES is still unknown, thus limiting its broader application. Here we comprehensively analyze the SES and TES to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of SES. Beagles were bilaterally implanted with subdural strips for intracranial electroencephalography and electric field recording. For the intracerebral electric field prediction, we designed a 3D electromagnetic simulation framework and simulated TES and SES. In the beagle model, SES induces three to four-fold larger cerebral electric fields compared to TES, and significant changes in power ratio of brainwaves were observed only in SES. Our prediction framework suggests that the field penetration of SES would be several-fold larger than TES in human brains. These results demonstrate that the SES would significantly enhance the neuromodulatory effects compared to conventional TES and overcome the TES limitations.
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8
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Fernández-Corazza M, Turovets S, Muravchik CH. Unification of optimal targeting methods in transcranial electrical stimulation. Neuroimage 2019; 209:116403. [PMID: 31862525 PMCID: PMC7110419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major questions in high-density transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is: given a region of interest (ROI) and electric current limits for safety, how much current should be delivered by each electrode for optimal targeting of the ROI? Several solutions, apparently unrelated, have been independently proposed depending on how "optimality" is defined and on how this optimization problem is stated mathematically. The least squares (LS), weighted LS (WLS), or reciprocity-based approaches are the simplest ones and have closed-form solutions. An extended optimization problem can be stated as follows: maximize the directional intensity at the ROI, limit the electric fields at the non-ROI, and constrain total injected current and current per electrode for safety. This problem requires iterative convex or linear optimization solvers. We theoretically prove in this work that the LS, WLS and reciprocity-based closed-form solutions are specific solutions to the extended directional maximization optimization problem. Moreover, the LS/WLS and reciprocity-based solutions are the two extreme cases of the intensity-focality trade-off, emerging under variation of a unique parameter of the extended directional maximization problem, the imposed constraint to the electric fields at the non-ROI. We validate and illustrate these findings with simulations on an atlas head model. The unified approach we present here allows a better understanding of the nature of the TES optimization problem and helps in the development of advanced and more effective targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Fernández-Corazza
- LEICI Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Sergei Turovets
- NeuroInformatics Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Carlos Horacio Muravchik
- LEICI Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas, CICPBA, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Holmes MD, Feng R, Wise MV, Ma C, Ramon C, Wu J, Luu P, Hou J, Pan L, Tucker DM. Safety of slow-pulsed transcranial electrical stimulation in acute spike suppression. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2579-2585. [PMID: 31709777 PMCID: PMC6917336 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of slow‐pulsed transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in suppressing epileptiform discharges in seven adults with refractory epilepsy. An MRI‐based realistic head model was constructed for each subject and co‐registered with 256‐channel dense EEG (dEEG). Interictal spikes were localized, and TES targeted the cortical source of each subject's principal spike population. Targeted spikes were suppressed in five subject's (29/35 treatment days overall), and nontargeted spikes were suppressed in four subjects. Epileptiform activity did not worsen. This study suggests that this protocol, designed to induce long‐term depression (LTD), is safe and effective in acute suppression of interictal epileptiform discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Holmes
- Regional Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mackenzie V Wise
- Regional Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chengxin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ceon Ramon
- Regional Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Phan Luu
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, Oregon
| | | | - Li Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Don M Tucker
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, Oregon
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10
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Huang Y, Datta A, Bikson M, Parra LC. ROAST: An Open-Source, Fully-Automated, Realistic Volumetric-Approach-Based Simulator For TES. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:3072-3075. [PMID: 30441043 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Research in the area of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) often relies on computational models of current flow in the brain. Models are built on magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the human head to capture detailed individual anatomy. To simulate current flow, MRIs have to be segmented, virtual electrodes have to be placed on the scalp, the volume is tessellated into a mesh, and the finite element model is solved numerically to estimate the current flow. Various software tools are available for each step, as well as processing pipelines that connect these tools for automated or semi-automated processing. The goal of the present tool - ROAST - is to provide an end-to-end pipeline that can automatically process individual heads with realistic volumetric anatomy leveraging open-source software (SPM8, iso2mesh and getDP) and custom scripts to improve segmentation and execute electrode placement. When we compare the results on a standard head with other major commercial software for finite element modeling (ScanIP, Abaqus), ROAST only leads to a small difference of 9% in the estimated electric field in the brain. We obtain a larger difference of 47% when comparing results with SimNIBS, an automated pipeline that is based on surface segmentation of the head. We release ROAST as an open-source, fully-automated pipeline at https://www.parralab.org/roast/.
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11
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Posner MI. Rehabilitating the brain through meditation and electrical stimulation. Cortex 2018; 122:6-9. [PMID: 30245201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a review of our recent studies and ideas related to the neuropsychological issues that Robert Rafal and I worked together to understand attention and hopefully improve it in a variety of patients. Rehabilitation is also a goal of my current research to determine if non invasive stimuli can improve white matter in humans. We have found that fractional anisotropy (FA) is improved in pathways surrounding the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following two week to four weeks of meditation training. We hypothesized that the frontal theta increased following meditation training might be a cause of the improved connectivity. This was confirmed by a mouse study using optogenetics to impose theta rhythms in the ACC. We have evidence that electrical stimulation while performing a task that activates the ACC can also increase theta. We plan studies to determine whether two to four weeks of stimulation can improve FA in pathways surrounding the anterior cingulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Posner
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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12
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Edwards DJ, Cortes M, Wortman-Jutt S, Putrino D, Bikson M, Thickbroom G, Pascual-Leone A. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Sports Performance. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:243. [PMID: 28539880 PMCID: PMC5423975 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Edwards
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Human Motor Control Laboratory, Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell UniversityWhite Plains, NY, USA.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, WA, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Mar Cortes
- Human Spinal Cord Injury Repair Laboratory, Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell UniversityWhite Plains, NY, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Putrino
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell UniversityNew York, NY, USA.,Telemedicine and Virtual Rehabilitation Laboratory, Burke Medical Research InstituteWhite Plains, NY, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New YorkNew York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Thickbroom
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Human Motor Control Laboratory, Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell UniversityWhite Plains, NY, USA.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, WA, Australia.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA.,Institut de Neurorehabilitacio Guttman, Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBadalona, Spain
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13
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Huang Y, Liu AA, Lafon B, Friedman D, Dayan M, Wang X, Bikson M, Doyle WK, Devinsky O, Parra LC. Measurements and models of electric fields in the in vivo human brain during transcranial electric stimulation. eLife 2017; 6:18834. [PMID: 28169833 PMCID: PMC5370189 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electric stimulation aims to stimulate the brain by applying weak electrical currents at the scalp. However, the magnitude and spatial distribution of electric fields in the human brain are unknown. We measured electric potentials intracranially in ten epilepsy patients and estimated electric fields across the entire brain by leveraging calibrated current-flow models. When stimulating at 2 mA, cortical electric fields reach 0.8 V/m, the lower limit of effectiveness in animal studies. When individual whole-head anatomy is considered, the predicted electric field magnitudes correlate with the recorded values in cortical (r = 0.86) and depth (r = 0.88) electrodes. Accurate models require adjustment of tissue conductivity values reported in the literature, but accuracy is not improved when incorporating white matter anisotropy or different skull compartments. This is the first study to validate and calibrate current-flow models with in vivo intracranial recordings in humans, providing a solid foundation to target stimulation and interpret clinical trials. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18834.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, United States
| | - Anli A Liu
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Belen Lafon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, United States
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Michael Dayan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, United States
| | - Werner K Doyle
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Lucas C Parra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, United States
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