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Abraham J, Mangapul CJ, Amaniputri DN, Manurung RH, Ispurwanto W. Intention to whistleblow: Perception of reporting skill mediates the predicting role of class consciousness and perceived probability of revenge. F1000Res 2023; 12:1566. [PMID: 38434655 PMCID: PMC10904998 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.142265.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A number of corruption cases would never have been revealed without the role of the whistleblower. Whistleblowers - as people who know about corruption incidents in their environment - are social capital in preventing and eradicating corruption. For this reason, it is urgent to know the configuration of psychological predictors of a person's intention to carry out whistleblowing. Methods Predictive correlational design with a mediation analysis was used in this study. The participants of this study were 374 Indonesians (187 males, 187 females; M age = 25.61 years old; SD age = 6.78 years). Results The results showed that perception of reporting skill can mediate the predicting relationship between class consciousness, perceived probability of revenge, and intention to blow the whistle. Conclusions Class consciousness and perceived probability of retaliation might encourage someone to feel competent to blow the whistle - or improve their reporting skill - to carry out whistleblowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneman Abraham
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | - Christian Jeremia Mangapul
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | | | - Rudi Hartono Manurung
- Japanese Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | - Wing Ispurwanto
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
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2
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Jie SY. Bullying in professional sports: psychological needs of athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1126-1134. [PMID: 37428101 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aimed to establish whether bullying in sports affects the satisfaction of such psychological needs as autonomy, competence, and relatedness in professional sports. METHODS The instruments in this work were the Bullying Participant Behaviors Questionnaire (BPBQ), the Motivational Mediators Scale in Sport (EMMD), and the Psychological Needs Thwarting Scale (PNTS). The participants were 708 professional athletes. RESULTS Comparison of EMMD and PNTS means unveiled that professional athletes with no bullying experience are more psychologically satisfied and less thwarted in all three dimensions (competence, autonomy, and relatedness). Among the group exposed to bullying, victims (18.92) and bullies (23.18) had the lowest needs in terms of competence, while bullies (26.14) and victims (20.10) experienced the lowest autonomy. The relatedness factor was most pronounced in victims' defenders (34.06) and least in victims (16.39). The lowest competence thwarting was found for outsiders and defenders, and the highest - among victims of bullying (18.12). But both bullies and their helpers had significantly higher scores than the other two roles. The need for autonomy, in turn, was least thwarted in outsiders and defenders, and most - in victims, as in the case of the relatedness subscale. CONCLUSIONS The practical and scientific value of this work stem from the fact that it proves the negative impact of bullying on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. The obtained findings can facilitate the development and implementation of updated educational programs and practices, leadership systems, as well as be conducive to the work of sports psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Y Jie
- Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, National University of Ukraine on Physical Education and Sport, Kyiv, Ukraine -
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3
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Feyer FK. Creating a model of cross-task motivation - A meta-narrative review of the literature on dynamic motivation. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1193186. [PMID: 37397295 PMCID: PMC10313063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Substantial research on job motivation over the years has identified motivation to be essential to work outcomes such as wellbeing, attitudes, and performance. Yet, research on job motivation addressing temporal influences has been sparse. Existing research has addressed job motivation as an aggregation of the motivation for tasks, ignoring the possibility of temporal effects where the motivation for one task affects motivation in a subsequent task. The current meta-narrative review analyzes existing research on task motivation and synthesizes findings into a model of cross-task motivation. Methods Using a predetermined search strategy, a systematic search yielded 1,635 documents of which 17 were selected. Papers were analyzed using a meta-narrative approach according to RAMSES publication standards. Results Four key meta-narratives were identified, contributing information from different research traditions; (1) restoration effects after need frustration, (2) intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, (3) cognitive carryover effects, and (4) meaning of work. Synthesizing findings from these meta-narratives, a meta-theoretical model for understanding cross-task motivation was proposed. Discussion This model provides an extension of existing motivational theories elucidating temporal motivational processes. Implications for practitioners include the possibility of arranging jobs to maximize positive motivational outcomes.
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4
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Šakan D, Tóth-Király I, Morin AJS. Nature, implications and determinants of academic motivation profiles among upper elementary and secondary students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37359657 PMCID: PMC10152009 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to contribute to self-determination theory by examining the nature of adolescents' academic motivation profiles defined while considering its global and specific nature. The construct validity of these profiles was examined by considering their replicability across samples of upper elementary (n = 781) and secondary (n = 467) school students, as well as their associations with predictors (perceived parental need nurturing behaviors) and outcomes (academic achievement and expectations of success). Latent profile analyses revealed four profiles (Non-Motivated, Identified, Amotivated, and Strongly Motivated) characterized by differing levels of global and specific levels of academic motivation. These profiles were fully replicated across educational levels. Most profiles differed from one another in terms of outcomes, although differences in terms of outcomes associations were observed across educational levels. Finally, profile membership was predicted by global levels of need nurturing and by some of the specific need nurturing behaviors in a way that replicated across educational levels. Our results suggest that the specific qualities of academic motivation and the global levels of self-determination are equally important in the identification of academic motivation profiles. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04687-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušana Šakan
- Department of Business Psychology, Faculty of Law and Business Studies dr Lazar Vrkatić, Union University Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 76, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre J. S. Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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5
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Watanabe H, Naruse Y. P300 as a neural indicator for setting levels of goal scores in educational gamification applications from the perspective of intrinsic motivation: An ERP study. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2022; 3:948080. [PMID: 38235471 PMCID: PMC10790842 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2022.948080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The challenge level of goal achievement affects intrinsic motivation. Thus, the goal score learners are required to achieve is an important element in gamified educational applications to foster users' intrinsic motivation. However, determining optimal goal scores that enhance the intrinsic motivation of each learner is not easy because individual competence and preferences for the challenge level (e.g., preference for difficult-to-achieve challenges) vary. One approach is to determine the goal score using physiological measurements to estimate when an individual's intrinsic motivation is reinforced. Measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs) is considered useful for this purpose. ERPs time-locked to feedback onset, such as feedback-related negativity and P300, reflect intrinsic motivation. However, it remains unclear whether these ERPs can serve as indicators of optimal goal scores for gamified educational applications in terms of intrinsic motivation. The present study aimed to examine whether ERP measures vary with the challenge levels of the goal score determined by participants' competence (too-easy, moderate and too-hard levels) and/or with their preference for these levels when using a gamified mental arithmetic application. Thirty-three participants solved 64 addition problems in one session in this application and received auditory feedback immediately after each answer entry. Scores were then calculated based on their task performance. Before each session, participants were informed of the goal score and instructed to exceed it as much as possible. Sessions were repeated six times at easy, moderate, and hard levels of goal scores, with two sessions per level. Goal score preferences were quantified based on subjective ratings of the motivation to achieve each level of goal score using a 7-point Likert scale. The mean amplitudes of ERPs were obtained for each participant. Results showed that P300 was significantly related to subjective ratings but not to levels of goal scores, indicating that P300 could be an indicator of participant preference for goal score levels. This study suggests that measurement of P300 may serve as a neural indicator providing an optimal goal score for individual learners that maximizes their intrinsic motivation in gamified learning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Naruse
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka University, Kobe, Japan
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6
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Prior autonomy frustration facilitates persistent behavior: The moderating role of autonomy causality orientation. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-022-09961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Fang H, Li X, Ma H, Fu H. The Sunny Side of Negative Feedback: Negative Feedback Enhances One's Motivation to Win in Another Activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:618895. [PMID: 34456691 PMCID: PMC8388853 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.618895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative feedback has been widely reported to be a demotivator that could frustrate the recipient’s need for competence and erode his intrinsic motivation in the same activity. Nevertheless, little attention has been devoted to the intertemporal effect of negative feedback on one’s intrinsic motivation in another activity. To fill this gap, we arranged participants in a game with two sessions and manipulated the content of feedback as a between-subject factor. In session 1, participants had to complete a time estimation task with moderate difficulty, during which half of the participants received normal performance feedback and the other half received negative performance feedback. In session 2, all participants were guided to accomplish a moderately difficult stopwatch task that was competence-supportive. A more pronounced win-loss difference wave of reward positivity (RewP) was detected in the experimental (negative performance feedback) group compared to the control (normal performance feedback) group during session 2. This finding indicates that negative feedback in an activity may have a positive impact on one’s intrinsic motivation in a following competence-supportive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- School of Business Administration, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Li
- School of Business Administration, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- School of Business Administration, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijian Fu
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Meng L, Pei G, Zhang Y, Jin J. Desire for Success Awakens: Proof of Competence Restoration in a Non-competitive Environment. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:698777. [PMID: 34234644 PMCID: PMC8256259 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.698777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioneering studies reported that individuals who worked on a highly difficult task and experienced competence frustration beforehand would activate a restorative process and show enhanced autonomous motivation in a subsequent irrelevant activity. In this follow-up study, we explored the effect of prior competition outcome on one’s autonomous motivation in a subsequent non-competitive environment. According to our experimental manipulation, participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (a winning group and a losing group) and a control group. The experiment lasted for three sessions. Participants in the control group completed a single-player stop-watch (SW) task all along, while those in both treatment groups worked on a competitive SW task and competed for monetary rewards during Session 2 only. Electrophysiological data in Session 1 serve as the baseline and measure one’s trait-level autonomous motivation towards the SW game. For participants in the losing group, more pronounced difference wave of feedback-related negativity was observed in Session 3 compared with Session 1, suggesting enhanced autonomous motivation in Session 3. Such a pattern was observed in neither the winning group nor the control group. These results suggested that failure in a prior competition would activate one’s competence restoration in a subsequent non-competitive environment. Task difficulty and social competition are varied sources of competence frustration. Thus, our findings advanced understanding of the competence restorative process and helped clarify the dynamics between competition and human motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanxiong Pei
- Research Center for Advanced AI Theory, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yupei Zhang
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Jin
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
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9
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10
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Déli E, Kisvárday Z. The thermodynamic brain and the evolution of intellect: the role of mental energy. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 14:743-756. [PMID: 33101528 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The living state is low entropy, highly complex organization, yet it is part of the energy cycle of the environment. Due to the recurring presence of the resting state, stimulus and its response form a thermodynamic cycle of perception that can be modeled by the Carnot engine. The endothermic reversed Carnot engine relies on energy from the environment to increase entropy (i.e., the synaptic complexity of the resting state). High entropy relies on mental energy, which represents intrinsic motivation and focuses on the future. It increases freedom of action. The Carnot engine can model exothermic, negative emotional states, which direct the focus on the past. The organism dumps entropy and energy to its environment, in the form of aggravation, anxiety, criticism, and physical violence. The loss of mental energy curtails freedom of action, forming apathy, depression, mental diseases, and immune problems. Our improving intuition about the brain's intelligent computations will allow the development of new treatments for mental disease and novel find applications in robotics and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoltán Kisvárday
- MTA-DE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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11
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Fang H, Wan X, Zheng S, Meng L. The Spillover Effect of Autonomy Frustration on Human Motivation and Its Electrophysiological Representation. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:134. [PMID: 32390813 PMCID: PMC7189215 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a commonplace that some people may adopt a controlling style, which brings about autonomy frustration to others. Existing studies on autonomy frustration mainly examined its effect in the primary thwarting context, ignoring its potential spillover to subsequent activities. In this study, we examined whether prior autonomy frustration would have a sustaining negative impact on one's motivation in another autonomy-supportive activity that follows. In this electrophysiological study, participants worked on two irrelevant tasks organized by two different experimenters. We adopted a between-group design and manipulated participants' autonomy frustration by providing varied audio instructions during Session 1. In Session 2, all participants were instructed to complete a moderately difficult task that is autonomy-supportive instead, and we observed a less pronounced reward positivity (RewP) difference wave and a smaller P300 in the autonomy-frustration group compared with the control group. These findings suggested that the negative influence of autonomy frustration is longstanding and that it can undermine one's motivation and attention in a following activity that is autonomy-supportive itself. Thus, our findings provided original neutral evidence for the adverse intertemporal effect of autonomy frustration, and suggested important practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- School of Business Administration, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Wan
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyue Zheng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.,Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Meng L, Ouyang F. Fluid compensation in response to disappearance of the meaning of work. Psych J 2020; 9:942-943. [PMID: 32291957 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined one's compensatory response to the sudden disappearance of the meaning of work. In a lab experiment, the unexpected termination of a preceding task was found to enhance one's labor supply in an irrelevant ensuing task, which provided direct support for one's pursuit of meaning and the fluid compensation strategy proposed by the Meaning Maintenance Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.,Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Feng Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Wei W, Mo Z, Liu J, Meng L. Man's Pursuit of Meaning: Unexpected Termination Bolsters One's Autonomous Motivation in an Irrelevant Ensuing Activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:81. [PMID: 32317948 PMCID: PMC7146049 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Meaningfulness has been suggested as one of the fundamental psychological needs, as one would actively pursue meaning in both his/her work life and personal life. Previous studies consistently showed that a lack of meaning in work would reduce one's autonomous motivation in the current job, which is the motivation to engage in self-determined activities driven by one's own interests or personal beliefs. However, researchers overlooked the fact that in work settings, it is not uncommon that people work on multiple tasks in a row. As a result, the cross-task effect of work meaningfulness remains understudied. Based on the meaning maintenance model (MMM) and the suggested fluid compensation strategy, we predicted that the disappearance of the meaning of work may induce a compensatory response and thus enhance one's autonomous motivation in an irrelevant ensuing activity. To test this hypothesis, we invited participants to work on an encyclopedic knowledge quiz in Session 1 and a StopWatch (SW) task in Session 2. A between-subject design was adopted. While participants in the control group successfully completed their tasks in Session 1, those in the experimental group encountered unexpected program quits by the end of the quiz, and their previous efforts suddenly became futile and meaningless. Electroencephalography was recorded during the experiment to measure reward positivity (RewP). In Session 2, a more pronounced RewP in the win-lose difference wave was observed in the experimental group in contrast to the control group, suggesting that the disappearance of the meaning of work enhanced one's autonomous motivation in an irrelevant activity that follows. Therefore, results of this study provided preliminary electrophysiological evidence for one's pursuit of meaning and the compensation effect induced by the disappearance of the meaning of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Mo
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Tóth-Király I, Amoura C, Bőthe B, Orosz G, Rigó A. Predictors and outcomes of core and peripheral sport motivation profiles: A person-centered study. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:897-909. [PMID: 32156190 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1736765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While previous studies highlighted the importance of the different motivations for doing sports as proposed by self-determination theory, less emphasis has been put on the simultaneous presence of multiple motivations within the same individual. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the complex interaction of sport motivations and to identify core (common) and peripheral (uncommon) profiles of people engaged in sports based on a combination of motivations. To achieve this goal, latent profile analysis, a person-centered approach, was performed on responses from 506 participants engaged in sports. For better understanding the extracted profiles, basic psychological need fulfillment was included as profile predictor, while subjective vitality and various engagement-related indicators as outcomes. Four core and peripheral profiles were identified: Moderately Motivated, Highly Motivated, Amotivated, and Poorly Motivated. Contrary to theory, introjected regulation clustered more closely with self-determined motivations. Profile membership was significantly predicted by global need fulfillment, autonomy satisfaction as well as, to a smaller extent, autonomy, relatedness, and competence frustration. The four profiles differed along vitality and some, but not all, engagement-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Beáta Bőthe
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adrien Rigó
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Fang H, Fu H, Li X, Meng L. Trapped in the woods: High performance goal orientation impedes competence restoration. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Waterschoot J, van der Kaap-Deeder J, Vansteenkiste M. The role of competence-related attentional bias and resilience in restoring thwarted feelings of competence. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-019-09776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Wang L, Zhang X, Li L, Meng L. Taking Others as a Mirror: Contingent Social Comparison Promotes Task Engagement. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:476. [PMID: 30555312 PMCID: PMC6282022 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social comparison implemented in an informational while not controlling manner can be motivating. In order to directly examine the effect of contingent social comparison on one’s task engagement, we manipulated social comparison in an experimental study and adopted an electrophysiological approach to measure one’ task engagement. In this experiment, we engaged the participants in a modified stop-watch (SW) task which requires a button press to stop the watch within a given time interval and instructed the participants to either play alone or simultaneously play with a same-sex counterpart. In the latter case, they could freely solicit feedback on their counterparts’ performance besides their own. Enlarged stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) and error-related negativity (ERN) were observed in the two-player condition, indicating strengthened anticipatory attention toward the task-onset stimulus at the pre-task stage and enhanced performance surveillance during task execution. As a complement, self-report data suggested that the participants were more intrinsically motivated to engage in the SW task when contingent social comparison was present. Thus, converging electrophysiological and behavioral evidences suggested the pivotal role of contingent social comparison in promoting self-directed task engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Ryan RM, Soenens B, Vansteenkiste M. Reflections on self-determination theory as an organizing framework for personality psychology: Interfaces, integrations, issues, and unfinished business. J Pers 2018; 87:115-145. [PMID: 30325499 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This special issue focuses on self-determination theory (SDT) as an integrative framework for the wider field of personality research. In this commentary our aims include: reflecting on the utility and strengths of SDT as such a general framework and responding to the various contributions in this issue regarding their use of SDT as a guiding, complementary, or contrasting framework. METHODS AND RESULTS We describe how SDT has developed organically and conservatively from "within" based on the emerging patterns of evidence, as well through the ongoing challenges from other models and frameworks. We then discuss each of the various contributions to this special issue, addressing themes that include SDT's breadth of methods, and its relevance to topics such as narcissism, wisdom, individual differences, Big-Five traits, and the neuropsychology of motivation, among others. Across these discussions, we highlight fruitful avenues for research and cross-fertilization across the fields of personality, development, motivation, and neuroscience. At the same time, we counter some claims made about SDT, and forward certain cautions regarding the integration of SDT and other personality frameworks and models. CONCLUSIONS We conclude by revisiting the value of broad theory, and SDT in particular, for coordinating complex research findings concerning motivation, personality development and wellness across multiple levels of analysis and, perhaps more importantly, for pointing researchers to the right questions within today's prolific empiricism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Bart Soenens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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