Yamamoto Y, Kawai W, Hayashi T, Uga M, Kyutoku Y, Dan I. Adjusting effective multiplicity (
M eff ) for family-wise error rate in functional near-infrared spectroscopy data with a small sample size.
NEUROPHOTONICS 2024;
11:035004. [PMID:
39071050 PMCID:
PMC11283272 DOI:
10.1117/1.nph.11.3.035004]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Significance
The advancement of multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has enabled measurements across a wide range of brain regions. This increase in multiplicity necessitates the control of family-wise errors in statistical hypothesis testing. To address this issue, the effective multiplicity (M eff ) method designed for channel-wise analysis, which considers the correlation between fNIRS channels, was developed. However, this method loses reliability when the sample size is smaller than the number of channels, leading to a rank deficiency in the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix and hindering the accuracy ofM eff calculations.
Aim
We aimed to reevaluate the effectiveness of theM eff method for fNIRS data with a small sample size.
Approach
In experiment 1, we used resampling simulations to explore the relationship between sample size andM eff values. Based on these results, experiment 2 employed a typical exponential model to investigate whether validM eff could be predicted from a small sample size.
Results
Experiment 1 revealed that theM eff values were underestimated when the sample size was smaller than the number of channels. However, an exponential pattern was observed. Subsequently, in experiment 2, we found that validM eff values can be derived from sample sizes of 30 to 40 in datasets with 44 and 52 channels using a typical exponential model.
Conclusions
The findings from these two experiments indicate the potential for the effective application ofM eff correction in fNIRS studies with sample sizes smaller than the number of channels.
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