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Tsujita M, Melchior JT, Yokoyama S. Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1042-1052. [PMID: 38545782 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body, and the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and pathologies associated with neurodegenerative disorders is being increasingly recognized. The brain is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which, like plasma, contains lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins that are responsible for extracellular lipid transport. Multiple CSF lipoprotein populations exist, some of which are produced de novo in the central nervous system and others that appear to be generated from protein constituents that are produced in the periphery. These CSF lipoproteins are thought to play key roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system, while little else is known due to their limited accessibility and their low abundance in CSF. Recent work has provided new insights into the compositional complexity of CSF lipoprotein families and their metabolism in cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge on the composition, origin, and metabolism of CSF lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan (M.T.)
| | - John T Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington (J.T.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.T.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.M.)
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan (S.Y.)
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Nie Z, Hu C, Miao H, Wu F. Electroacupuncture protects against the striatum of ischemia stroke by inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE/p-JNK signaling pathways. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102376. [PMID: 38123001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The striatum (Str) is injured 20 min after permanent ischemic stroke, leading to neurological deficits. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on ischemic stroke and elucidate the possible underlying mechanism. Rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model, EA treatment, sham-EA (SEA) treatment, beam-balance test, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot were used to investigate the role of EA in pMCAO. The results showed that balance ability and motor coordination were obviously injured after pMCAO. EA improved balance ability and motor coordination in pMCAO rats. EA reduced striatal injury by reducing the expression of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/phosphorylated C-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), whereas SEA did not. Thus, EA plays a neuroprotective role during pMCAO injury, which may be related to the inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/p-JNK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyin Nie
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Chenying Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Huachun Miao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China.
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Nasoohi S, Alehossein P, Jorjani M, Brown CM, Ishrat T. Intra-arterial verapamil improves functional outcomes of thrombectomy in a preclinical model of extended hyperglycemic stroke. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1161999. [PMID: 37124219 PMCID: PMC10134451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1161999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The abrupt hyperglycemic reperfusion following thrombectomy has been shown to harm the efficacy of the intervention in stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. Studies of ours and others have shown thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is critically involved in hyperglycemic stroke injury. We recently found verapamil ameliorates cerebrovascular toxicity of tissue plasminogen activators in hyperglycemic stroke. The present study aims to answer if verapamil exerts direct neuroprotective effects and alleviates glucose toxicity following thrombectomy in a preclinical model of hyperglycemic stroke. Primary cortical neural (PCN) cultures were exposed to hyperglycemic reperfusion following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), with or without verapamil treatment. In a mouse model of intraluminal stroke, animals were subjected to 4 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and intravenous glucose infusion. Glucose infusion lasted one more hour at reperfusion, along with intra-arterial (i.a.) verapamil infusion. Animals were subjected to sensorimotor function tests and histological analysis of microglial phenotype at 72 h post-stroke. According to our findings, glucose concentrations (2.5-20 mM) directly correlated with TXNIP expression in OGD-exposed PCN cultures. Verapamil (100 nM) effectively improved PCN cell neurite growth and reduced TXNIP expression as well as interaction with NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as determined by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. In our mouse model of extended hyperglycemic MCAO, i.a. verapamil (0.5 mg/kg) could attenuate neurological deficits induced by hyperglycemic stroke. This was associated with reduced microglial pro-inflammatory transition. This finding encourages pertinent studies in hyperglycemic patients undergoing thrombectomy where the robust reperfusion may exacerbate glucose toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Sanaz Nasoohi,
| | - Parsa Alehossein
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Candice M. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Zhou M, Li R, Venkat P, Qian Y, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Landschoot-Ward J, Powell B, Jiang Q, Cui X. Post-Stroke Administration of L-4F Promotes Neurovascular and White Matter Remodeling in Type-2 Diabetic Stroke Mice. Front Neurol 2022; 13:863934. [PMID: 35572941 PMCID: PMC9100936 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.863934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit a distinct and high risk of ischemic stroke with worse post-stroke neurovascular and white matter (WM) prognosis than the non-diabetic population. In the central nervous system, the ATP-binding cassette transporter member A 1 (ABCA1), a reverse cholesterol transporter that efflux cellular cholesterol, plays an important role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis and in maintaining neurovascular stability and WM integrity. Our previous study shows that L-4F, an economical apolipoprotein A member I (ApoA-I) mimetic peptide, has neuroprotective effects via alleviating neurovascular and WM impairments in the brain of db/db-T2DM stroke mice. To further investigate whether L-4F has neurorestorative benefits in the ischemic brain after stroke in T2DM and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we subjected middle-aged, brain-ABCA1 deficient (ABCA1−B/−B), and ABCA1-floxed (ABCA1fl/fl) T2DM control mice to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. L-4F (16 mg/kg, subcutaneous) treatment was initiated 24 h after stroke and administered once daily for 21 days. Treatment of T2DM-stroke with L-4F improved neurological functional outcome, and decreased hemorrhage, mortality, and BBB leakage identified by decreased albumin infiltration and increased tight-junction and astrocyte end-feet densities, increased cerebral arteriole diameter and smooth muscle cell number, and increased WM density and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain in both ABCA1−B/−B and ABCA1fl/fl T2DM-stroke mice compared with vehicle-control mice, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 9 or 21/group). The L-4F treatment reduced macrophage infiltration and neuroinflammation identified by decreases in ED-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, and increases in anti-inflammatory factor Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor IGF-1 receptor β (IGF-1Rβ) in the ischemic brain (p < 0.05, n = 6/group). These results suggest that post-stroke administration of L-4F may provide a restorative strategy for T2DM-stroke by promoting neurovascular and WM remodeling. Reducing neuroinflammation in the injured brain may contribute at least partially to the restorative effects of L-4F independent of the ABCA1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Rongwen Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Brianna Powell
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
- Quan Jiang
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Xu Cui
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Robert J, Osto E, von Eckardstein A. The Endothelium Is Both a Target and a Barrier of HDL's Protective Functions. Cells 2021; 10:1041. [PMID: 33924941 PMCID: PMC8146309 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium serves as a barrier between the intravascular and extravascular compartments. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have two kinds of interactions with this barrier. First, bloodborne HDL must pass the endothelium to access extravascular tissues, for example the arterial wall or the brain, to mediate cholesterol efflux from macrophages and other cells or exert other functions. To complete reverse cholesterol transport, HDL must even pass the endothelium a second time to re-enter circulation via the lymphatics. Transendothelial HDL transport is a regulated process involving scavenger receptor SR-BI, endothelial lipase, and ATP binding cassette transporters A1 and G1. Second, HDL helps to maintain the integrity of the endothelial barrier by (i) promoting junction closure as well as (ii) repair by stimulating the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and their progenitor cells, and by preventing (iii) loss of glycocalix, (iv) apoptosis, as well as (v) transmigration of inflammatory cells. Additional vasoprotective functions of HDL include (vi) the induction of nitric oxide (NO) production and (vii) the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These vasoprotective functions are exerted by the interactions of HDL particles with SR-BI as well as specific agonists carried by HDL, notably sphingosine-1-phophate (S1P), with their specific cellular counterparts, e.g., S1P receptors. Various diseases modify the protein and lipid composition and thereby the endothelial functionality of HDL. Thorough understanding of the structure-function relationships underlying the multiple interactions of HDL with endothelial cells is expected to elucidate new targets and strategies for the treatment or prevention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.R.); (E.O.)
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Jang E, Robert J, Rohrer L, von Eckardstein A, Lee WL. Transendothelial transport of lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 2020; 315:111-125. [PMID: 33032832 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the arterial wall plays a pivotal role in the initiation and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Conversely, the removal of cholesterol from the intima by cholesterol efflux to high density lipoproteins (HDL) and subsequent reverse cholesterol transport shall confer protection against atherosclerosis. To reach the subendothelial space, both LDL and HDL must cross the intact endothelium. Traditionally, this transit is explained by passive filtration. This dogma has been challenged by the identification of several rate-limiting factors namely scavenger receptor SR-BI, activin like kinase 1, and caveolin-1 for LDL as well as SR-BI, ATP binding cassette transporter G1, and endothelial lipase for HDL. In addition, estradiol, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukins 6 and 17, purinergic signals, and sphingosine-1-phosphate were found to regulate transendothelial transport of either LDL or HDL. Thorough understanding of transendothelial lipoprotein transport is expected to elucidate new therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and the development of strategies for the local delivery of drugs or diagnostic tracers into diseased tissues including atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jang
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jerome Robert
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Rohrer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Oduro PK, Fang J, Niu L, Li Y, Li L, Zhao X, Wang Q. Pharmacological management of vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: TCM and western medicine compared based on biomarkers and biochemical parameters. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104893. [PMID: 32434053 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, a worldwide health concern while burdening significant populace of countries with time due to a hefty increase in both incidence and prevalence rates. Hyperglycemia has been buttressed both in clinical and experimental studies to modulate widespread molecular actions that effect macro and microvascular dysfunctions. Endothelial dysfunction, activation, inflammation, and endothelial barrier leakage are key factors contributing to vascular complications in diabetes, plus the development of diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases. The recent increase in molecular, transcriptional, and clinical studies has brought a new scope to the understanding of molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic targets for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. In this review, an attempt made to discuss up to date critical and emerging molecular signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and viable pharmacological management targets. Importantly, we exploit some Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM)/TCM isolated bioactive compounds modulating effects on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Finally, clinical studies data on biomarkers and biochemical parameters involved in the assessment of the efficacy of treatment in vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes was compared between clinically used western hypoglycemic drugs and TCM formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jingmei Fang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lu Niu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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