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Popp RFJ, Ottersbach J, Wetter TC, Schüler S, Rothe S, Betz D, Staggl S, Canazei M. Multimodal in-vehicle lighting system increases daytime light exposure and alertness in truck drivers under Arctic winter conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9925. [PMID: 38688926 PMCID: PMC11061141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Drowsiness while driving negatively impacts road safety, especially in truck drivers. The present study investigated the feasibility and alerting effects of a daylight-supplementing in-truck lighting system (DS) providing short-wavelength enriched light before, during, and after driving. In a within-participants design, eight truck drivers drove a fully-loaded truck under wintry Scandinavian conditions (low daylight levels) with a DS or placebo system for five days. Subjective and objective measures of alertness were recorded several times daily, and evening melatonin levels were recorded three times per study condition. DS significantly increased daytime light exposure without causing negative side effects while driving. In addition, no negative carry-over effects were observed on evening melatonin and sleepiness levels or on nighttime sleep quality. Moreover, objective alertness (i.e., psychomotor vigilance) before and after driving was significantly improved by bright light exposure. This effect was accompanied by improved subjective alertness in the morning. This field study demonstrated that DS was able to increase daytime light exposure in low-daylight conditions and to improve alertness in truck drivers before and after driving (e.g., during driving rest periods). Further studies are warranted to investigate the effects of daylight-supplementing in-cabin lighting on driving performance and road safety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F J Popp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center of Sleep Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Ottersbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center of Sleep Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas C Wetter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center of Sleep Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Betz
- Mercedes-Benz AG, 71059, Sindelfingen, Germany
| | - Siegmund Staggl
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Canazei
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Tian B, Gong H, Chen Z, Yu X, Pointer MR, Yu J, Yu F, Liu Q. Assessment of color preference, purchase intention and sexual attractiveness of lipstick colors under multiple lighting conditions. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1280270. [PMID: 38050641 PMCID: PMC10693985 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1280270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipstick is one of the most commonly used cosmetics, which is closely associated with female attractiveness and influences people's perception and behavior. This study aimed to investigate the impact of light sources, lipstick colors, as well as gender on the subjective assessment of lipstick color products from the prospective of color preference, purchase intention and sexual attractiveness. The correlation between color preference evaluations when applying lipstick on lips and on forearms was also explored. Sixty participants completed their visual assessment of 15 lipsticks worn by 3 models under 5 light sources, with uniformly sampled correlated color temperature (CCT) values ranging from 2,500 K to 6,500 K. The results indicated that the light source significantly influenced color preference and purchase intention, while lipstick color significantly impacted on sexual attractiveness. The interactions between gender and other factors were also observed and are discussed. Compared to men, women were found to be more sensitive to different light sources and hold different attitudes toward different lipstick colors under different CCTs. Interestingly, no significant correlation was found between lipstick color preference ratings on the lips and forearm, which conflicted with the commonly recognized way of lipstick color selection. These findings should contribute to a deeper understanding of the consumer attitude toward lipstick colors and provide a useful reference for lighting design in situations where cosmetics are specified, manufactured, retailed and generally used, both professionally and in the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Tian
- Department of Psychology, College of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwen Gong
- Department of Psychology, College of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Psychology, College of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Psychology, College of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael R. Pointer
- Colour Technology Research Group, School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Yu
- Joint Laboratory of Light Quality and Colour Vision, Wuhan University and OPPLE, Wuhan, China
- Opple Lighting Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Psychology, College of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Psychology, College of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Joint Laboratory of Light Quality and Colour Vision, Wuhan University and OPPLE, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Lighting Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Weirich C, Lin Y, Khanh TQ. Evidence for human-centric in-vehicle lighting: part 3-Illumination preferences based on subjective ratings, eye-tracking behavior, and EEG features. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1248824. [PMID: 37854268 PMCID: PMC10581341 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1248824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Within this third part of our mini-series, searching for the best and worst automotive in-vehicle lighting settings, we aim to extend our previous finding about white light illumination preferences by adding local cortical area activity as one key indicator. Frontal electrical potential asymmetry, measured using an electroencephalogram (EEG), is a highly correlated index for identifying positive and negative emotional behavior, primarily in the alpha band. It is rarely understood to what extent this observation can be applied to the evaluation of subjective preference or dislike based on luminaire variations in hue, chroma, and lightness. Within a controlled laboratory study, we investigated eight study participants who answered this question after they were shown highly immersive 360° image renderings. By so doing, we first subjectively defined, based on four different external driving scenes varying in location and time settings, the best and worst luminaire settings by changing six unlabeled luminaire sliders. Emotional feedback was collected based on semantic differentials and an emotion wheel. Furthermore, we recorded 120 Hz gaze data to identify the most important in-vehicle area of interest during the luminaire adaptation process. In the second study session, we recorded EEG data during a binocular observation task of repeated images arbitrarily paired by previously defined best and worst lighting settings and separated between all four driving scenes. Results from gaze data showed that the central vehicle windows with the left-side orientated colorful in-vehicle fruit table were both significantly longer fixed than other image areas. Furthermore, the previously identified cortical EEG feature describing the maximum power spectral density could successfully separate positive and negative luminaire settings based only on cortical activity. Within the four driving scenes, two external monotonous scenes followed trendlines defined by highly emotionally correlated images. More interesting external scenes contradicted this trend, suggesting an external emotional bias stronger than the emotional changes created by luminaires. Therefore, we successfully extended our model to define the best and worst in-vehicle lighting with cortical features by touching the field of neuroaesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weirich
- Department of Illuminating Engineering and Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yandan Lin
- Department of Illuminating Engineering and Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tran Quoc Khanh
- Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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