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Albergoni M, Pagani E, Preziosa P, Meani A, Margoni M, Rocca MA, Filippi M. Thalamic nuclei volume partially mediates the effects of aerobic capacity on fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2024; 271:3378-3388. [PMID: 38507073 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is frequent in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) impacting physical and cognitive functions. Lower aerobic capacity and regional thalamic volume may be involved in the pathophysiology of fatigue in pwMS. OBJECTIVES To identify associations between thalamic nuclei volumes, aerobic capacity and fatigue and to investigate whether the influence of aerobic capacity on fatigue in pwMS is mediated by thalamic integrity. METHODS Eighty-three pwMS underwent a clinical evaluation with assessment of fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale [MFIS]), including physical (pMFIS) and cognitive (cMFIS) components, and peak of oxygen uptake (VO2peak). PwMS and 63 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent a 3 T brain MRI to quantify volume of the whole thalamus and its nuclei. RESULTS Compared to HC, pwMS showed higher global MFIS, pMFIS and cMFIS scores, and lower VO2peak and thalamic volumes (p < 0.001). In pwMS, higher VO2peak was significantly associated with lower MFIS and pMFIS scores (r value = - 0.326 and - 0.356; pFDR ≤ 0.046) and higher laterodorsal thalamic nucleus (Dor) cluster volume (r value = 0.300; pFDR = 0.047). Moreover, lower Dor thalamic cluster volume was significantly associated with higher MFIS, pMFIS and cMFIS scores (r value range = - 0.305; - 0.293; pFDR ≤ 0.049). The volume of Dor thalamic cluster partially mediated the positive effects of VO2peak on both MFIS and cMFIS, with relative indirect effects of 21% and 32% respectively. No mediation was found for pMFIS. CONCLUSIONS Higher VO2peak is associated with lower fatigue in pwMS, likely acting on Dor thalamic cluster volume integrity. Such an effect might be different according to the type of fatigue (cognitive or physical).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Albergoni
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Meani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Margoni
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Zalouli V, Rajavand H, Bayat M, Khaleghnia J, Sharifianjazi F, Jafarinazhad F, Beheshtizadeh N. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) controls central nervous system and promotes peripheral nervous system regeneration via physical exercise. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115078. [PMID: 37390707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has beneficial effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and cognitive processes, including learning. Although it is not known if anaerobic resistance training and high-intensity interval training, which involve alternating brief bouts of highly intense anaerobic activity with rest periods, have comparable effects on AHN. Also, while less thoroughly investigated, individual genetic diversity in the overall response to physical activity is likely to play a key role in the effects of exercise on AHN. Physical exercise has been shown to improve health on average, although the benefits may vary from person to person, perhaps due to genetic differences. Maximal aerobic capacity and metabolic health may improve significantly with aerobic exercise for some people, while the same amount of training may have little effect on others. This review discusses the AHN's capability for peripheral nervous system (PNS) regeneration and central nervous system (CNS) control via physical exercise. Exercise neurogenicity, effective genes, growth factors, and the neurotrophic factors involved in PNS regeneration and CNS control were discussed. Also, some disorders that could be affected by AHN and physical exercise are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Zalouli
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosnieh Rajavand
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bayat
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Jalil Khaleghnia
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Sport Sciences, Khavaran Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariborz Sharifianjazi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi 0171, Georgia
| | - Farzad Jafarinazhad
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Scorza FA, Fiorini AC, Lima CCD, Camilo N, Magro EP, Guimarães L, Pavanelli C, Finsterer J, Almeida ACGD, Fonseca MCM, Fujita RR, de Barros TL, Scorza MMC, Moret MA, Teixeira-Machado L, Arida RM. Medical research: Are e-Sports really sports? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100190. [PMID: 37011457 PMCID: PMC10757292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Escola Paulista de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Fiorini
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduado em Fonoaudiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila C de Lima
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduado em Fonoaudiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton Camilo
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana P Magro
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliane Guimarães
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antônio-Carlos G de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C M Fonseca
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Reginado R Fujita
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Turibio L de Barros
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil; Physio Science, USA
| | - Miguel M C Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Moret
- SENAI-Cimatec, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (DCET), Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo M Arida
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Breast Cancer: How Hippotherapy Bridges the Gap between Healing and Recovery-A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041317. [PMID: 36831658 PMCID: PMC9953804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most diagnosed women's cancer, and has a high survival rate. Despite great progress in detection and treatment, life reconstruction requires comprehensive cross-sectoral approaches between different disciplines and deeper consideration of the patient's challenges. Hippotherapy is an emerging specialized rehabilitation approach, performed by accredited health professionals and equine specialists, on specially trained horses via their movement, activating major paths for physical, mental, psychic and social reinforcement, and is synergistic to rehabilitative and supportive care. METHODS We conducted a randomized open, prospective, two-armed, controlled trial on the effectiveness of hippotherapy versus conventional supportive care on adult women with a diagnosis of breast cancer, after the period of primary treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy). The 6-month program included, in the treated group, an initial 1-week daily hippotherapy session, followed by three short 2-day sessions with an interval of 2 months between each, where the patients received conventional supportive care. The control group received 6 months of conventional supportive care. The primary end point was quality of life. Cognitive performances, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and body image were the secondary end points. Measurements were done through self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS We observed statistical differences in the evolution of the measured parameters over time between the two groups. The hippotherapy group showed a much faster, favorable and continuous improvement until the end of the program for each function assessed. The most striking improvements were observed in global quality of life, and fatigue, while breast cancer-specific quality of life, cognitive performance, anxiety and depression and body image showed a less marked but still statistically significant difference at the final post-treatment evaluation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the therapeutic relevance of hippotherapy, a one-health approach, as a key initial stage after cancer diagnosis and treatment to foster recovery. Furthermore, hippotherapy has a strong impact on cancer treatments' efficiency and reconstruction of patient's life and ecosystem. This work reveals a layer of complexity that needs to be broadly considered. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClincalTrials.gov NCT04350398 accessed on 1 January 2022. Registered 17 April 2020, retrospectively registered; French Clinical Trials in Cancer Register RECF3818. Registered 18 March 2019, retrospectively registered.
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Albergoni M, Storelli L, Preziosa P, Rocca MA, Filippi M. The insula modulates the effects of aerobic training on cardiovascular function and ambulation in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2023; 270:1672-1681. [PMID: 36509982 PMCID: PMC9744365 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of cardiovascular control is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), possibly due to damage of strategic brain regions such as the insula. Aerobic training (AT) targets cardiopulmonary system and may represent a neuroprotective strategy. PURPOSE To investigate whether insular damage (T2-hyperintense lesions and volume) is associated with cardiovascular fitness (CF) and influences AT effects in MS. METHODS Sixty-one MS patients were randomized to an AT intervention group (MS-AT) and a motor training control group (MS-C). At baseline and after training (24 sessions over 2-3 months), peak of oxygen consumption (VO2max), heart rate reserve (HRR), 6-min walk test (6MWT) and whole brain and insula MRI data were collected. Two healthy control (HC) groups were enrolled for CF and MRI data analysis. RESULTS At baseline, MS patients vs HC showed impaired VO2max, HRR and 6MWT (p < 0.001) and widespread gray matter atrophy, including bilateral insula. In MS patients, left insula T2-lesion volume correlated with HRR (r = 0.27, p = 0.042). After training, MS-AT, especially those without insular T2-hyperintense lesions, showed 6MWT improvement (p < 0.05) and a stable insular volume, whereas MS-C showed left insular volume loss (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS By increasing 6MWT performance, our results suggest that AT may improve walking capacity and submaximal measure of CF in MS patients. Such beneficial effect may be modulated by insula integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Albergoni
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Storelli
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria A. Rocca
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. .,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. .,Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Li C, Wang Y, Xing Y, Han J, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Hu J, Hua Y, Bai Y. Regulation of microglia phagocytosis and potential involvement of exercise. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:953534. [PMID: 35959472 PMCID: PMC9357882 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.953534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are considered the main phagocytic cells in the central nervous system, remodeling neural circuits by pruning synapses during development. Microglial phagocytosis is also a crucial process in maintaining adult brain homeostasis and clearing potential toxic factors, which are recognized to be associated with neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders. For example, microglia can engulf amyloid-β plaques, myelin debris, apoptotic cells, and extracellular harmful substances by expressing a variety of specific receptors on the cell surface or by reprogramming intracellular glucose and lipid metabolism processes. Furthermore, physical exercise has been implicated to be one of the non-pharmaceutical treatments for various nervous system diseases, which is closely related to neuroplasticity and microglia functions including proliferation, activation, and phagocytosis. This review focuses on the central regulatory mechanisms related to microglia phagocytosis and the potential role of exercise training in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anjing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yulong Bai
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Cao W, Lin J, Xiang W, Liu J, Wang B, Liao W, Jiang T. Physical Exercise-Induced Astrocytic Neuroprotection and Cognitive Improvement Through Primary Cilia and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Pathway in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:866336. [PMID: 35721009 PMCID: PMC9198634 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.866336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is closely related to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neuroinflammation involving astrocytes is an important pathogenic mechanism. Along with the advancement of the concept and technology of astrocytic biology, the astrocytes have been increasingly regarded as the key contributors to neurological diseases. It is well known that physical exercise can improve cognitive function. As a safe and effective non-drug treatment, physical exercise has attracted continuous interests in neurological research. In this study, we explored the effects of physical exercise on the response of reactive astrocytes, and its role and mechanism in CCH-induced cognitive impairment. A rat CCH model was established by 2 vessel occlusion (2VO) and the wheel running exercise was used as the intervention. The cognitive function of rats was evaluated by morris water maze and novel object recognition test. The phenotypic polarization and the primary cilia expression of astrocytes were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The activation of MAPKs cascades, including ERK, JNK, and P38 signaling pathways, were detected by western blot. The results showed that physical exercise improved cognitive function of rats 2 months after 2VO, reduced the number of C3/GFAP-positive neurotoxic astrocytes, promoted the expression of S100A10/GFAP-positive neuroprotective astrocytes, and enhanced primary ciliogenesis. Additionally, physical exercise also alleviated the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK proteins induced by CCH. These results indicate that physical exercise can improve the cognitive function of rats with CCH possible by promoting primary ciliogenesis and neuroprotective function of astrocytes. The MAPKs signaling cascade, especially ERK and JNK signaling pathways may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Cao
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junbin Lin
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingying Liu
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Biru Wang
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijing Liao
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Weijing Liao,
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Jiang,
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Rai M, Demontis F. Muscle-to-Brain Signaling Via Myokines and Myometabolites. Brain Plast 2022; 8:43-63. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-210133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health and function are important determinants of systemic metabolic homeostasis and organism-wide responses, including disease outcome. While it is well known that exercise protects the central nervous system (CNS) from aging and disease, only recently this has been found to depend on the endocrine capacity of skeletal muscle. Here, we review muscle-secreted growth factors and cytokines (myokines), metabolites (myometabolites), and other unconventional signals (e.g. bioactive lipid species, enzymes, and exosomes) that mediate muscle-brain and muscle-retina communication and neuroprotection in response to exercise and associated processes, such as the muscle unfolded protein response and metabolic stress. In addition to impacting proteostasis, neurogenesis, and cognitive functions, muscle-brain signaling influences complex brain-dependent behaviors, such as depression, sleeping patterns, and biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. Moreover, myokine signaling adapts feeding behavior to meet the energy demands of skeletal muscle. Contrary to protective myokines induced by exercise and associated signaling pathways, inactivity and muscle wasting may derange myokine expression and secretion and in turn compromise CNS function. We propose that tailoring muscle-to-CNS signaling by modulating myokines and myometabolites may combat age-related neurodegeneration and brain diseases that are influenced by systemic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Liu W, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li J, Chang J, Jia Q. Effect of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function of Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:927128. [PMID: 35782450 PMCID: PMC9243422 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.927128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to systematically review the effects of physical exercise on the cognitive performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its mechanisms of action. Databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until December 2021. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the effect of an exercise intervention (compared with no exercise) on patients with AD. The measures included cognitive function [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease assessment scale-cognitive (ADAS-Cog), Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) and Executive Function (EF)]. The methodological quality of the included literature was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Twenty-two studies (n = 1647, mean age: 77.1 ± 6.3 years) were included in the systematic review, sixteen of which were included in the meta-analysis. A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that physical exercise positively affects cognitive performance in older patients with AD. However, the positive effects of the intervention should be interpreted with caution considering the differences in methodological quality, type, frequency, and duration of exercise in the included studies. Future studies should consider the design rigor and specification of RCT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Physical Education, Xuzhou Kindergarten Teachers College, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Ministry of Sports, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Jindong Chang
- Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyin Jia
- Financial Department, Shandong Sports University, Jinan, China
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