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Korkmaz ND, Cikrikcili U, Akan M, Yucesan E. Psychedelic therapy in depression and substance use disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38773750 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Psychoactive substances obtained from botanicals have been applied for a wide variety of purposes in the rituals of different cultures for thousands of years. Classical psychedelics from N,N'-dimethyltryptamine, psilocybin, mescaline and various lysergamides cause specific alterations in perception, emotion and cognition by acting through serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation. Lysergic acid diethylamide, the first famous breakthrough in the field, was discovered by chance by Albert Hoffman in the Zurich Sandoz laboratory in 1943, and studies on its psychoactive effects began to take place in the literature. Studies in this area were blocked after the legislation controlling the use and research of psychedelic drugs came into force in 1967, but since the 1990s, it has started to be a matter of scientific curiosity again by various research groups. In particular, with the crucial reports of psychotherapy-assisted psilocybin applications for life-threatening cancer-related anxiety and depression, a new avenues have been opened in the treatment of psychiatric diseases such as treatment-resistant depression and substance addictions. An increasing number of studies show that psychedelics have a very promising potential in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases where the desired efficiency cannot be achieved with conventional treatment methods. In this context, we discuss psychedelic therapy, encompassing its historical development, therapeutic applications and potential treatment effects-especially in depression, trauma disorders and substance use disorders-within the framework of ethical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Damla Korkmaz
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Cikrikcili
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Merve Akan
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Emrah Yucesan
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Department of Neurogenetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Koster KP, Flores-Barrera E, Artur de la Villarmois E, Caballero A, Tseng KY, Yoshii A. Loss of Depalmitoylation Disrupts Homeostatic Plasticity of AMPARs in a Mouse Model of Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8317-8335. [PMID: 37884348 PMCID: PMC10711723 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1113-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation is the only reversible post-translational lipid modification. Palmitoylation is held in delicate balance by depalmitoylation to precisely regulate protein turnover. While over 20 palmitoylation enzymes are known, depalmitoylation is conducted by fewer enzymes. Of particular interest is the lack of the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) that causes the devastating pediatric neurodegenerative condition infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN1). While most of the research on Ppt1 function has centered on its role in the lysosome, recent findings demonstrated that many Ppt1 substrates are synaptic proteins, including the AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA1. Still, the impact of Ppt1-mediated depalmitoylation on synaptic transmission and plasticity remains elusive. Thus, the goal of the present study was to use the Ppt1 -/- mouse model (both sexes) to determine whether Ppt1 regulates AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity, which are crucial for the maintenance of homeostatic adaptations in cortical circuits. Here, we found that basal excitatory transmission in the Ppt1 -/- visual cortex is developmentally regulated and that chemogenetic silencing of the Ppt1 -/- visual cortex excessively enhanced the synaptic expression of GluA1. Furthermore, triggering homeostatic plasticity in Ppt1 -/- primary neurons caused an exaggerated incorporation of GluA1-containing, calcium-permeable AMPARs, which correlated with increased GluA1 palmitoylation. Finally, Ca2+ imaging in awake Ppt1 -/- mice showed visual cortical neurons favor a state of synchronous firing. Collectively, our results elucidate a crucial role for Ppt1 in AMPAR trafficking and show that impeded proteostasis of palmitoylated synaptic proteins drives maladaptive homeostatic plasticity and abnormal recruitment of cortical activity in CLN1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal communication is orchestrated by the movement of receptors to and from the synaptic membrane. Protein palmitoylation is the only reversible post-translational lipid modification, a process that must be balanced precisely by depalmitoylation. The significance of depalmitoylation is evidenced by the discovery that mutation of the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (Ppt1) causes severe pediatric neurodegeneration. In this study, we found that the equilibrium provided by Ppt1-mediated depalmitoylation is critical for AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated plasticity and associated homeostatic adaptations of synaptic transmission in cortical circuits. This finding complements the recent explosion of palmitoylation research by emphasizing the necessity of balanced depalmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Eden Flores-Barrera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | | | - Adriana Caballero
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Kuei Y Tseng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Akira Yoshii
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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Grier BD, Parkins S, Omar J, Lee HK. Selective plasticity of fast and slow excitatory synapses on somatostatin interneurons in adult visual cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7165. [PMID: 37935668 PMCID: PMC10630508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin-positive (SOM) interneurons are integral for shaping cortical processing and their dynamic recruitment is likely necessary for adaptation to sensory experience and contextual information. We found that excitatory synapses on SOMs in layer 2/3 (L2/3) of primary visual cortex (V1) of mice can be categorized into fast (F)- and slow (S)-Types based on the kinetics of the AMPA receptor-mediated current. Each SOM contains both types of synapses in varying proportions. The majority of local pyramidal neurons (PCs) make unitary connections with SOMs using both types, followed by those utilizing only S-Type, and a minority with only F-Type. Sensory experience differentially regulates synapses on SOMs, such that local F-Type synapses change with visual deprivation and S-Type synapses undergo plasticity with crossmodal auditory deprivation. Our results demonstrate that the two types of excitatory synapses add richness to the SOM circuit recruitment and undergo selective plasticity enabling dynamic adaptation of the adult V1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce D Grier
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Bionic Sight, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Samuel Parkins
- Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Cell Molecular Developmental Biology and Biophysics (CMDB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jarra Omar
- Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Cell Molecular Developmental Biology and Biophysics (CMDB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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Ribeiro FM, Castelo-Branco M, Gonçalves J, Martins J. Visual Cortical Plasticity: Molecular Mechanisms as Revealed by Induction Paradigms in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054701. [PMID: 36902131 PMCID: PMC10003432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the molecular mechanism of synaptic plasticity in the cortex is vital for identifying potential targets in conditions marked by defective plasticity. In plasticity research, the visual cortex represents a target model for intense investigation, partly due to the availability of different in vivo plasticity-induction protocols. Here, we review two major protocols: ocular-dominance (OD) and cross-modal (CM) plasticity in rodents, highlighting the molecular signaling pathways involved. Each plasticity paradigm has also revealed the contribution of different populations of inhibitory and excitatory neurons at different time points. Since defective synaptic plasticity is common to various neurodevelopmental disorders, the potentially disrupted molecular and circuit alterations are discussed. Finally, new plasticity paradigms are presented, based on recent evidence. Stimulus-selective response potentiation (SRP) is one of the paradigms addressed. These options may provide answers to unsolved neurodevelopmental questions and offer tools to repair plasticity defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Ribeiro
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - João Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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