1
|
Camporeze B, Manica BA, Bonafé GA, Ferreira JJC, Diniz AL, de Oliveira CTP, Mathias Junior LR, de Aguiar PHP, Ortega MM. Optogenetics: the new molecular approach to control functions of neural cells in epilepsy, depression and tumors of the central nervous system. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1900-1918. [PMID: 30416844 PMCID: PMC6220144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The optogenetic tools have been described as valuable techniques to study neural activity through light stimulation, as well as potential neuromodulator approaches in the management of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Since the first bacteriorhodopsin protein described as a single-component light-activated regulator of transmembrane ion flow description, in 1980's, the focus has been on channel proteins for neurobiology; however, the advances in engineering techniques showed involvement changes in cellular biological behavior in several types of proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton regulation, motility and gene expression. Although the use of this technology has been published in many papers, a question still remains regarding real results and potential clinical applicability in CNS diseases, as well as the publications scarcity that systematically analyses the published results. Lastly, the aim of this review is to discuss the experimental results, molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications of optogenetic tools in epilepsy and depression treatment, as well as its applicability in the treatment of CNS tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Camporeze
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University (USF)Bragança Paulista-SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Assistance of The State Public Servant (IAMSPE)São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alcântara Manica
- Departament of Neurology, Medical School University Pontifical University Catholic of São Paulo (PUCSP)Sorocaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Alves Bonafé
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University (USF)Bragança Paulista-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aurélio Lourenço Diniz
- Departament of Neurology, Medical School University Pontifical University Catholic of São Paulo (PUCSP)Sorocaba-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Henrique Pires de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Assistance of The State Public Servant (IAMSPE)São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Departament of Neurology, Medical School University Pontifical University Catholic of São Paulo (PUCSP)Sorocaba-SP, Brazil
- Departament of Neurosurgery, Hospital Santa PaulaSão Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Department of Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical School of ABC (FMABC)Santo André-SP, Brazil
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University (USF)Bragança Paulista-SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jung H, Kang H, Nam Y. Digital micromirror based near-infrared illumination system for plasmonic photothermal neuromodulation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2866-2878. [PMID: 28663912 PMCID: PMC5480435 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-mediated neuromodulation techniques provide great advantages to investigate neuroscience due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. To generate a spatial pattern of neural activity, it is necessary to develop a system for patterned-light illumination to a specific area. Digital micromirror device (DMD) based patterned illumination system have been used for neuromodulation due to its simple configuration and design flexibility. In this paper, we developed a patterned near-infrared (NIR) illumination system for region specific photothermal manipulation of neural activity using NIR-sensitive plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs). The proposed system had high power transmission efficiency for delivering power density up to 19 W/mm2. We used a GNR-coated microelectrode array (MEA) to perform biological experiments using E18 rat hippocampal neurons and showed that it was possible to inhibit neural spiking activity of specific area in neural circuits with the patterned NIR illumination. This patterned NIR illumination system can serve as a promising neuromodulation tool to investigate neuroscience in a wide range of physiological and clinical applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lehmann A, D'Errico A, Vogel M, Spors H. Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Inhibition Mapped by Optical Stimulation in Mouse Olfactory Bulb. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:15. [PMID: 27047340 PMCID: PMC4801895 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitral and tufted cells (MTCs) of the mammalian olfactory bulb are connected via dendrodendritic synapses with inhibitory interneurons in the external plexiform layer. The range, spatial layout, and temporal properties of inhibitory interactions between MTCs mediated by inhibitory interneurons remain unclear. Therefore, we tested for inhibitory interactions using an optogenetic approach. We optically stimulated MTCs expressing channelrhodopsin-2 in transgenic mice, while recording from individual MTCs in juxtacellular or whole-cell configuration in vivo. We used a spatial noise stimulus for mapping interactions between MTCs belonging to different glomeruli in the dorsal bulb. Analyzing firing responses of MTCs to the stimulus, we did not find robust lateral inhibitory effects that were spatially specific. However, analysis of sub-threshold changes in the membrane potential revealed evidence for inhibitory interactions between MTCs that belong to different glomerular units. These lateral inhibitory effects were short-lived and spatially specific. MTC response maps showed hyperpolarizing effects radially extending over more than five glomerular diameters. The inhibitory maps exhibited non-symmetrical yet distance-dependent characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna D'Errico
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Vogel
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hartwig Spors
- Max Planck Institute of BiophysicsFrankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics, Justus-Liebig-UniversityGiessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pashaie R, Anikeeva P, Lee JH, Prakash R, Yizhar O, Prigge M, Chander D, Richner TJ, Williams J. Optogenetic brain interfaces. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2014; 7:3-30. [PMID: 24802525 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2013.2294796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a large network of interconnected neurons where each cell functions as a nonlinear processing element. Unraveling the mysteries of information processing in the complex networks of the brain requires versatile neurostimulation and imaging techniques. Optogenetics is a new stimulation method which allows the activity of neurons to be modulated by light. For this purpose, the cell-types of interest are genetically targeted to produce light-sensitive proteins. Once these proteins are expressed, neural activity can be controlled by exposing the cells to light of appropriate wavelengths. Optogenetics provides a unique combination of features, including multimodal control over neural function and genetic targeting of specific cell-types. Together, these versatile features combine to a powerful experimental approach, suitable for the study of the circuitry of psychiatric and neurological disorders. The advent of optogenetics was followed by extensive research aimed to produce new lines of light-sensitive proteins and to develop new technologies: for example, to control the distribution of light inside the brain tissue or to combine optogenetics with other modalities including electrophysiology, electrocorticography, nonlinear microscopy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this paper, the authors review some of the recent advances in the field of optogenetics and related technologies and provide their vision for the future of the field.
Collapse
|
5
|
Packer AM, Roska B, Häusser M. Targeting neurons and photons for optogenetics. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:805-15. [PMID: 23799473 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetic approaches promise to revolutionize neuroscience by using light to manipulate neural activity in genetically or functionally defined neurons with millisecond precision. Harnessing the full potential of optogenetic tools, however, requires light to be targeted to the right neurons at the right time. Here we discuss some barriers and potential solutions to this problem. We review methods for targeting the expression of light-activatable molecules to specific cell types, under genetic, viral or activity-dependent control. Next we explore new ways to target light to individual neurons to allow their precise activation and inactivation. These techniques provide a precision in the temporal and spatial activation of neurons that was not achievable in previous experiments. In combination with simultaneous recording and imaging techniques, these strategies will allow us to mimic the natural activity patterns of neurons in vivo, enabling previously impossible 'dream experiments'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Packer
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Two-photon optogenetic toolbox for fast inhibition, excitation and bistable modulation. Nat Methods 2013; 9:1171-9. [PMID: 23169303 PMCID: PMC5734860 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics with microbial opsin genes has enabled high-speed control of genetically specified cell populations in intact tissue. However, it remains a challenge to independently control subsets of cells within the genetically targeted population. Although spatially precise excitation of target molecules can be achieved using two-photon laser-scanning microscopy (TPLSM) hardware, the integration of two-photon excitation with optogenetics has thus far required specialized equipment or scanning and has not yet been widely adopted. Here we take a complementary approach, developing opsins with custom kinetic, expression and spectral properties uniquely suited to scan times typical of the raster approach that is ubiquitous in TPLSMlaboratories. We use a range of culture, slice and mammalian in vivo preparations to demonstrate the versatility of this toolbox, and we quantitatively map parameter space for fast excitation, inhibition and bistable control. Together these advances may help enable broad adoption of integrated optogenetic and TPLSMtechnologies across experimental fields and systems.
Collapse
|
7
|
Simonnet J, Eugène E, Cohen I, Miles R, Fricker D. Cellular neuroanatomy of rat presubiculum. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 37:583-97. [PMID: 23176296 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The presubiculum, at the transition from the hippocampus to the cortex, is a key area for spatial information coding but the anatomical and physiological basis of presubicular function remains unclear. Here we correlated the structural and physiological properties of single neurons of the presubiculum in vitro. Unsupervised cluster analysis based on dendritic length and form, soma location, firing pattern and action potential properties allowed us to classify principal neurons into three major cell types. Cluster 1 consisted of a population of small regular spiking principal cells in layers II/III. Cluster 2 contained intrinsically burst firing pyramidal cells of layer IV, with a resting potential close to threshold. Cluster 3 included regular spiking cells of layers V and VI, and could be divided into subgroups 3.1 and 3.2. Cells of cluster 3.1 included pyramidal, multiform and inverted pyramidal cells. Cells of cluster 3.2 contained high-resistance pyramidal neurons that fired readily in response to somatic current injection. These data show that presubicular principal cells generally conform to neurons of the periarchicortex. However, the presence of intrinsic bursting cells in layer IV distinguishes the presubicular cortex from the neighbouring entorhinal cortex. The firing frequency adaptation was very low for principal cells of clusters 1 and 3, a property that should assist the generation of maintained head direction signals in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Simonnet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière CRICM, UPMC/INSERM UMR S975/CNRS UMR 7225, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jerome J, Heck DH. The age of enlightenment: evolving opportunities in brain research through optical manipulation of neuronal activity. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 5:95. [PMID: 22275886 PMCID: PMC3257845 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical manipulation of neuronal activity has rapidly developed into the most powerful and widely used approach to study mechanisms related to neuronal connectivity over a range of scales. Since the early use of single site uncaging to map network connectivity, rapid technological development of light modulation techniques has added important new options, such as fast scanning photostimulation, massively parallel control of light stimuli, holographic uncaging, and two-photon stimulation techniques. Exciting new developments in optogenetics complement neurotransmitter uncaging techniques by providing cell-type specificity and in vivo usability, providing optical access to the neural substrates of behavior. Here we review the rapid evolution of methods for the optical manipulation of neuronal activity, emphasizing crucial recent developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Jerome
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dugué GP, Akemann W, Knöpfel T. A comprehensive concept of optogenetics. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2012; 196:1-28. [PMID: 22341318 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59426-6.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental questions that neuroscientists have previously approached with classical biochemical and electrophysiological techniques can now be addressed using optogenetics. The term optogenetics reflects the key program of this emerging field, namely, combining optical and genetic techniques. With the already impressively successful application of light-driven actuator proteins such as microbial opsins to interact with intact neural circuits, optogenetics rose to a key technology over the past few years. While spearheaded by tools to control membrane voltage, the more general concept of optogenetics includes the use of a variety of genetically encoded probes for physiological parameters ranging from membrane voltage and calcium concentration to metabolism. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in this rapidly growing discipline and attempt to sketch some of its future prospects and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume P Dugué
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|