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Caravaglios G, Muscoso EG, Blandino V, Di Maria G, Gangitano M, Graziano F, Guajana F, Piccoli T. EEG Resting-State Functional Networks in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:36-50. [PMID: 35758261 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background. Alzheimer's cognitive-behavioral syndrome is the result of impaired connectivity between nerve cells, due to misfolded proteins, which accumulate and disrupt specific brain networks. Electroencephalography, because of its excellent temporal resolution, is an optimal approach for assessing the communication between functionally related brain regions. Objective. To detect and compare EEG resting-state networks (RSNs) in patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and healthy elderly (HE). Methods. We recruited 125 aMCI patients and 70 healthy elderly subjects. One hundred and twenty seconds of artifact-free EEG data were selected and compared between patients with aMCI and HE. We applied standard low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA)-independent component analysis (ICA) to assess resting-state networks. Each network consisted of a set of images, one for each frequency (delta, theta, alpha1/2, beta1/2). Results. The functional ICA analysis revealed 17 networks common to groups. The statistical procedure demonstrated that aMCI used some networks differently than HE. The most relevant findings were as follows. Amnesic-MCI had: i) increased delta/beta activity in the superior frontal gyrus and decreased alpha1 activity in the paracentral lobule (ie, default mode network); ii) greater delta/theta/alpha/beta in the superior frontal gyrus (i.e, attention network); iii) lower alpha in the left superior parietal lobe, as well as a lower delta/theta and beta, respectively in post-central, and in superior frontal gyrus(ie, attention network). Conclusions. Our study confirms sLORETA-ICA method is effective in detecting functional resting-state networks, as well as between-groups connectivity differences. The findings provide support to the Alzheimer's network disconnection hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Caravaglios
- U.O.C. Neurologia, A.O. Cannizzaro per l'emergenza, Catania, Italy
| | - E G Muscoso
- U.O.C. Neurologia, A.O. Cannizzaro per l'emergenza, Catania, Italy
| | - V Blandino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), 18998University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Di Maria
- U.O.C. Neurologia, A.O. Cannizzaro per l'emergenza, Catania, Italy
| | - M Gangitano
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), 18998University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Graziano
- U.O.C. Neurologia, A.O. Cannizzaro per l'emergenza, Catania, Italy
| | - F Guajana
- U.O.C. Neurologia, A.O. Cannizzaro per l'emergenza, Catania, Italy
| | - T Piccoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), 18998University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Leite K, Garg P, Spitzner FP, Guerin Darvas S, Bähr M, Priesemann V, Kügler S. α-Synuclein Impacts on Intrinsic Neuronal Network Activity Through Reduced Levels of Cyclic AMP and Diminished Numbers of Active Presynaptic Terminals. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:868790. [PMID: 35721317 PMCID: PMC9199018 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.868790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-Syn) is intimately linked to synucleinopathies like Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms that are triggered by this protein are still largely enigmatic. α-Syn overabundance may cause neurodegeneration through protein accumulation and mitochondrial deterioration but may also result in pathomechanisms independent from neuronal cell death. One such proposed pathological mechanism is the influence of α-Syn on non-stimulated, intrinsic brain activity. This activity is responsible for more than 90% of the brain’s energyconsumption, and is thus thought to play an eminent role in basic brain functionality. Here we report that α-Syn substantially disrupts intrinsic neuronal network burst activity in a long-term neuronal cell culture model. Mechanistically, the impairment of network activity originates from reduced levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP-mediated signaling as well as from diminished numbers of active presynaptic terminals. The profound reduction of network activity due to α-Syn was mediated only by intracellularly expressed α-Syn, but not by α-Syn that is naturally released by neurons. Conversely, extracellular pre-formed fibrils of α-Syn mimicked the effect of intracellular α-Syn, suggesting that they trigger an off-target mechanism that is not activated by naturally released α-Syn. A simulation-based model of the network activity in our cultures demonstrated that even subtle effect sizes in reducing outbound connectivity, i.e., loss of active synapses, can cause substantial global reductions in non-stimulated network activity. These results suggest that even low-level loss of synaptic output capabilities caused by α-Syn may result in significant functional impairments in terms of intrinsic neuronal network activity. Provided that our model holds true for the human brain, then α-Syn may cause significant functional lesions independent from neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leite
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pretty Garg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F. Paul Spitzner
- Neural Systems Theory group, Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sofia Guerin Darvas
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viola Priesemann
- Neural Systems Theory group, Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for the Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sebastian Kügler
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Psol M, Darvas SG, Leite K, Mahajani SU, Bähr M, Kügler S. Dementia with Lewy bodies-associated ß-synuclein mutations V70M and P123H cause mutation-specific neuropathological lesions. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:247-264. [PMID: 33760043 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta (ß)-synuclein (ß-Syn) has long been considered to be an attenuator for the neuropathological effects caused by the Parkinson's disease-related alpha (α)-synuclein (α-Syn) protein. However, recent studies demonstrated that overabundant ß-Syn can form aggregates and induce neurodegeneration in central nervous system (CNS) neurons in vitro and in vivo, albeit at a slower pace as compared with α-Syn. Here, we demonstrate that ß-Syn mutants V70M, detected in a sporadic case of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and P123H, detected in a familial case of DLB, robustly aggravate the neurotoxic potential of ß-Syn. Intriguingly, the two mutations trigger mutually exclusive pathways. ß-Syn V70M enhances morphological mitochondrial deterioration and degeneration of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons, but it has no influence on neuronal network activity. Conversely, ß-Syn P123H silences neuronal network activity, but it does not aggravate neurodegeneration. ß-Syn wild type (WT), V70M and P123H formed proteinase K-resistant intracellular fibrils within neurons, albeit with less stable C-termini as compared with α-Syn. Under cell-free conditions, ß-Syn V70M demonstrated a much slower pace of fibril formation as compared with WT ß-Syn, and P123H fibrils present with a unique phenotype characterized by large numbers of short, truncated fibrils. Thus, it is possible that V70M and P123H cause structural alterations in ß-Syn, which are linked to their distinct neuropathological profiles. The extent of the lesions caused by these neuropathological profiles is almost identical to that of overabundant α-Syn and is thus likely to be directly involved into the etiology of DLB. Overall, this study provides insights into distinct disease mechanisms caused by mutations of ß-Syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Psol
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Sofia Guerin Darvas
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Kristian Leite
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Sameehan U Mahajani
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
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4
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Guimarães GDL, Mendoza IYQ, Corrêa ADR, Ribeiro EG, Guimarães MO, Chianca TCM. A PROPOSED EVALUATION OF POSTGRADUATE NURSING ACCORDING TO THOMAS KUHN. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2019-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to present Thomas Kuhn's theory and its applicability for epistemological evaluation of the Nursing Graduate Program. Method: reflective analysis with a guiding question: How can Thomas Kuhn's theory contribute to an epistemological evaluation of the Graduate Nursing Program? Results: the Nursing Science in its historical process of realization has been facing numerous challenges that impose themselves to scientific knowledge: having an accurate and robust philosophical basis that justifies and legitimizes the knowledge of the area to support its assertions; dwell on the object of his science; have clear the field of discipline and its relationship with the related sciences, establishing interdisciplinary dialogue. To base scientific production on objects proper to nursing, to seek appropriate methods to approach them without disregarding the knowledge of nurses' experiences and accomplishments may be the guiding thread that enables Nursing Science to be linked to the pragmatics of the profession and Cheers. This has been the challenge for the nursing scientific community. The elements of Kuhnian theory are presented: pre-science, normal science, crisis and revolution; points out a hypothesis to be tested by the researchers of the program. If the hypothesis is true, Nursing Science approaches the paradigmatic level and will manifest itself in pragmatics through the scientific nursing discipline. If rejected, there will be a new classification for the area. Conclusion: the corpus doutrinae of the profession requires qualitative self-assessment of an epistemological nature. Thomas Kuhn's thinking can support this assessment.
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Havlík M, Kozáková E, Horáček J. Intrinsic Rivalry. Can White Bears Help Us With the Other Side of Consciousness? Front Psychol 2019; 10:1087. [PMID: 31133953 PMCID: PMC6524470 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of consciousness have traditionally been based mainly upon the perceptual domains of consciousness. However, there is another side of consciousness, represented by various types of intrinsic conscious experiences. Even though intrinsic experiences can represent up to 50% of our conscious experiences, they are still largely neglected in conscious studies. We assume there are two reasons for this. First, the field of intrinsic conscious experiences is methodologically far more problematic than any other. Second, specific paradigms for capturing the correlates of intrinsic conscious experiences are almost nonexistent. Nevertheless, we expect the intrinsic side of consciousness to soon take its place in conscious studies, but first new experimental paradigms will have to be devised, which would be of a similar design to the paradigms used in studies of perceptual consciousness. In this hypothesis and theory article, we propose such a hypothetical paradigm, presenting the exploratory data of our proof-of-concept study, discussing its use, and addressing its shortcomings and their possible remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Havlík
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Eva Kozáková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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6
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Tolö J, Taschenberger G, Leite K, Stahlberg MA, Spehlbrink G, Kues J, Munari F, Capaldi S, Becker S, Zweckstetter M, Dean C, Bähr M, Kügler S. Pathophysiological Consequences of Neuronal α-Synuclein Overexpression: Impacts on Ion Homeostasis, Stress Signaling, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Electrical Activity. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:49. [PMID: 29563864 PMCID: PMC5845890 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is intimately linked to the etiology of Parkinson's Disease, as mutations and even subtle increases in gene dosage result in early onset of the disease. However, how this protein causes neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration is incompletely understood. We thus examined a comprehensive range of physiological parameters in cultured rat primary neurons overexpressing α-Syn at levels causing a slowly progressive neurodegeneration. In contradiction to earlier reports from non-neuronal assay systems we demonstrate that α-Syn does not interfere with essential ion handling capacities, mitochondrial capability of ATP production or basic electro-physiological properties like resting membrane potential or the general ability to generate action potentials. α-Syn also does not activate canonical stress kinase Signaling converging on SAPK/Jun, p38 MAPK or Erk kinases. Causative for α-Syn-induced neurodegeneration are mitochondrial thiol oxidation and activation of caspases downstream of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, leading to apoptosis-like cell death execution with some unusual aspects. We also aimed to elucidate neuroprotective strategies counteracting the pathophysiological processes caused by α-Syn. Neurotrophic factors, calpain inhibition and increased lysosomal protease capacity showed no protective effects against α-Syn overexpression. In contrast, the major watchdog of outer mitochondrial membrane integrity, Bcl-Xl, was capable of almost completely preventing neuron death, but did not prevent mitochondrial thiol oxidation. Importantly, independent from the quite mono-causal induction of neurotoxicity, α-Syn causes diminished excitability of neurons by external stimuli and robust impairments in endogenous neuronal network activity by decreasing the frequency of action potentials generated without external stimulation. This latter finding suggests that α-Syn can induce neuronal dysfunction independent from its induction of neurotoxicity and might serve as an explanation for functional deficits that precede neuronal cell loss in synucleopathies like Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Tolö
- Department of Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Grit Taschenberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Leite
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus A Stahlberg
- European Neuroscience Institute, Department of Transsynaptic Signaling, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesche Spehlbrink
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janina Kues
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francesca Munari
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Camin Dean
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany.,European Neuroscience Institute, Department of Transsynaptic Signaling, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Havlík M, Kozáková E, Horáček J. Why and How. The Future of the Central Questions of Consciousness. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1797. [PMID: 29075226 PMCID: PMC5641624 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we deal with two central questions of consciousness how and why, and we outline their possible future development. The question how refers to the empirical endeavor to reveal the neural correlates and mechanisms that form consciousness. On the other hand, the question why generally refers to the “hard problem” of consciousness, which claims that empirical science will always fail to provide a satisfactory answer to the question why is there conscious experience at all. Unfortunately, the hard problem of consciousness will probably never completely disappear because it will always have its most committed supporters. However, there is a good chance that its weight and importance will be highly reduced by empirically tackling consciousness in the near future. We expect that future empirical endeavor of consciousness will be based on a unifying brain theory and will answer the question as to what is the function of conscious experience, which will in turn replace the implications of the hard problem. The candidate of such a unifying brain theory is predictive coding, which will have to explain both perceptual consciousness and conscious mind-wandering in order to become the truly unifying theory of brain functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Havlík
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Eva Kozáková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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