1
|
Ke P, Lu Z, Ni W, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Yuan X, Xu J, Yin X, Zhao Z. Does low body weight mediate the relationship between tooth loss and cognitive impairment? A longitudinal cohort study of an older Chinese population. BMC Geriatr 2025; 25:111. [PMID: 39966698 PMCID: PMC11837307 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-025-05750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the number of teeth remaining and cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults, and to explore the role of low body weight in this association. METHODS Data were drawn from 2011 to 2014 surveys of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), involving 4056 respondents who had no cognitive decline and aged ≥ 65 years at baseline. Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and the cognitive impairment was classified according to the length of education. Number of natural teeth was self-reported (classified as ≥ 20, 10-19, 1-9, and 0). Low body weight was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5 kg/m2. Cox proportional hazards regression and mediation effect analyses were applied in the study. RESULTS Comparing with participants with ≥ 20 teeth, 10-19 teeth and 1-9 teeth, those with 0 teeth (HR:2.14, 95% CI: 1.51, 3.03) were significantly associated with higher cognitive impairment risk in the fully adjusted model. Compared with denture users, the fully adjusted HR (95% CI) for non-denture users was 1.33 (1.04, 1.70). no teeth with non-denture users had the highest cognitive impairment risk (HR:1.63, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.41). Low body weight mediated 6.74% (ranging from 3.49 to 11%) of the association between the number of teeth remaining and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Tooth loss increases the risk of cognitive decline, and low body weight partially mediates this association. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER This is a retrospective cohort study targeting a population survey, which does not involve clinical trials and does not have clinical trial numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ke
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular & Diabetes Prevention, and Control Dept., Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Ni
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yijin Zheng
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xueli Yuan
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxv Yin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhao
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular & Diabetes Prevention, and Control Dept., Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Asher S, Suominen AL, Stephen R, Ngandu T, Koskinen S, Solomon A. Association of tooth location, occlusal support and chewing ability with cognitive decline and incident dementia. J Clin Periodontol 2025; 52:24-39. [PMID: 38468379 PMCID: PMC11671170 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM Emerging evidence suggests association of tooth loss with impaired cognition. However, the differential effects of anterior versus posterior tooth loss, occlusal support loss and chewing ability are not considered comprehensively. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted cross-sectional (N = 4036) and longitudinal analyses (N = 2787) on data from Health 2000 and 2011 Surveys for associations of posterior occlusal support loss, anterior versus posterior tooth loss, and chewing ability with baseline cognition and 11-year cognitive decline. Additionally, 15-year incident dementia risk was investigated (N = 4073). RESULTS After considering relevant confounders and potential reverse causality bias, posterior occlusal support loss significantly increased dementia risk across all categories indicative of posterior occlusal support loss (hazard ratios [HRs] between 1.99 and 2.89). Bilateral inadequate posterior occlusal support was associated with 11-year decline in overall cognition (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48:1.00-2.19), and unilateral inadequate posterior occlusal support with total immediate (OR = 1.62:1.14-2.30) and delayed recall decline (OR = 1.45:1.03-2.05). Moreover, posterior tooth loss was associated with dementia (HR = 2.23:1.27-3.91) and chewing ability with total immediate decline (OR = 1.80:1.04-3.13). CONCLUSIONS Posterior tooth and occlusal support loss significantly increases dementia risk. The impact of posterior occlusal support loss appears to be dose-dependent, and this effect is distinct from that of dentures. Dental healthcare services should be particularly attentive to the state of posterior dentition. Further studies exploring possible mechanisms are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Asher
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Teaching UnitKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Department of Public Health and WelfareFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ruth Stephen
- Department of Public Health and WelfareFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/NeurologyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Department of Public Health and WelfareFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health and WelfareFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Alina Solomon
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/NeurologyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research UnitSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim S, Kim JH, Lee H, Jang SH, Noeske R, Choi C, Chang Y, Choi YH. Effect of chewing hard material on boosting brain antioxidant levels and enhancing cognitive function. Front Syst Neurosci 2024; 18:1489919. [PMID: 39664997 PMCID: PMC11632103 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2024.1489919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chewing has been reported to enhance cognitive function through the increase in cerebral blood flow. However, the mechanisms linking cerebral blood flow increase to metabolic changes in the brain affecting cognition remain unclear. We hypothesized that glutathione (GSH) plays a pivotal role in these mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate changes in brain GSH levels following chewing and their association with cognitive function in healthy young adults. Methods A total of 52 university students were recruited, and the Korean version of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status was used for the neurocognitive evaluations. Brain GSH levels following chewing gum or wood blocks were measured using MEscher-GArwood Point RESolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence, and their relevance to neurocognitive evaluation results was investigated. Results Chewing significantly increased brain GSH concentration, particularly in the wood-chewing group compared to the gum-chewing group, as observed in the anterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, the rise in GSH concentration in the wood-chewing group was positively correlated with memory function. Conclusion Chewing moderately hard material elevates brain antioxidant levels such as GSH, potentially influencing cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Changho Choi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tramonti Fantozzi MP, De Cicco V, Bazzani A, Cataldo E, Bruschini L, De Cicco D, d’Ascanio P, Faraguna U, Manzoni D. Occlusal effects on text reading: an eye-tracker study. Front Syst Neurosci 2024; 18:1409251. [PMID: 39211395 PMCID: PMC11357916 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2024.1409251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asymmetric electromyographic (EMG) activity during teeth clenching has been linked to cognitive impairment, as evaluated by the Spinnler-Tognoni matrices test, and to asymmetric pupil size (anisocoria). Anisocoria indicates an asymmetric Locus Coeruleus activity, leading to an asymmetric hemispheric excitability worsening cognitive performance. Bite splint wearing corrects EMG asymmetry, reduces anisocoria and improves cognitive performance. This study explores the possible effect of EMG asymmetry on oculomotor behavior during text reading. Methods In subjects showing different degrees of EMG asymmetry during clenching, the number and duration of fixation periods during a reading task, performed under two different occlusal conditions were analyzed. The first lecture was executed with a dental impression (imprint) interposed between the dental arches (corrected condition) and the second one with the arches in direct contact (habitual condition), without clenching effort. The imprint reduced the EMG asymmetries during clenching. Results In both occlusal conditions, total reading time correlated with duration of fixations, but not with their number. An inverse relation was observed between the number of fixations and their duration across individuals. Fixation frequency and duration were positively and negatively correlated with the amplitude of EMG asymmetry, respectively. Differently, total reading time was not related to the EMG asymmetry. When switching from the corrected to the habitual condition, an increase in the number of fixations and a reduction in their duration was observed, while total reading time could be either increased or decreased. An increased fixation frequency was observed in most of the subjects, while a reduced duration only among individuals with shorter reading times in habitual condition. Discussion In the habitual condition, EMG asymmetry influences reading patterns (more saccades/shorter fixations, less saccades/longer fixations) in our sample. The changes in text reading behavior elicited by occlusal correction can be explained by assuming that occlusal disharmony negatively interferes with the reading task by increasing the number of saccades necessary for text scanning. This finding may also indicate an increased difficulty in processing of visual information. The potential involvement of trigeminal pathways in the relation between occlusal factors and oculomotor control is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bazzani
- Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide De Cicco
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Italian Stomatology Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola d’Ascanio
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Manzoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghorat F, Sepidarkish M, Saadattalab F, Rezghi M, Shahrestani S, Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S. The clinical efficacy of Olibanum gum chewing in patients with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer disease: A randomized Parallel-Design controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:109-114. [PMID: 38069542 PMCID: PMC10932771 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in elderly with progressive decline in cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the possible memory-improving effects of Olibanum on patients with Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was carried out on 72 participants aged 50-75 years. The intervention group (n = 36) received 1.6 g/day of olibanum chewing gum for 18 weeks. The placebo group (n = 36) received chewing gum without olibanum. Neuropsychological assessments were performed at baseline, every 4 weeks, and after 18 weeks of the intervention. RESULTS There was no significant difference between (MD: 0.84, 95%CI: -1.10 to 2.78, p = 0.392) at baseline. Both groups had linear improvements over time. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding the improvements after the intervention (F = 0.157, p = 0.693). There were no significant differences between the groups for MMSE score (Mini-Mental State Examination) after the intervention (F = 0.141, p = 0.708). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that 18 weeks of gum chewing with Olibanum did not change the neuropsychological status. More clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ghorat
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public HealthBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Farzaneh Saadattalab
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | | | - Shamim Shahrestani
- Student Research CommitteeSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | | | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tramonti Fantozzi MP, De Cicco V, d’Ascanio P, Cataldo E, De Cicco D, Bruschini L, Barresi M, Faraguna U, Manzoni D. Trigeminal Stimulation and Visuospatial Performance: The Struggle between Chewing and Trigeminal Asymmetries. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2307. [PMID: 37626803 PMCID: PMC10452603 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chewing improves visuospatial performance through locus coeruleus (LC) activation. The effects of bilateral and unilateral mastication were investigated in subjects showing different degrees of asymmetry in masseter electromyographic (EMG) activity during clenching and in pupil size at rest (anisocoria), which is a proxy of LC imbalance. Correlations between performance changes and asymmetry values were found in males, but not in females. Among males, subjects with low asymmetry values (balanced-BAL) were more sensitive than those with high asymmetry values (imbalanced-IMB) to bilateral and unilateral chewing on the side with higher EMG activity (hypertonic). The opposite was true for hypotonic side chewing. BAL subjects were sensitive to unilateral chewing on both sides, while in IMB subjects, hypertonic side chewing did not influence performance in either males or females. Bilateral chewing elicited larger effects in BAL subjects than in IMB subjects, exceeding the values predicted from unilateral chewing in both groups. Finally, pupil size and anisocoria changes elicited by chewing were correlated with asymmetry values, independent of sex. Data confirmed the facilitation of visuospatial performance exerted by chewing. Trigeminal asymmetries modulate the chewing effects, making occlusal rebalancing an appropriate strategy to improve performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola d’Ascanio
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Cataldo
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Barresi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Manzoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monaco A, Cattaneo R, Smurra P, Di Nicolantonio S, Cipriano F, Pietropaoli D, Ortu E. Trigeminal electrical stimulation with ULFTENS of the dorsal anterior mucosal surface of the tongue: Effects on Heart Rate Variability (HRV). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285464. [PMID: 37163499 PMCID: PMC10171590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal electrical stimulation of the dorsal anterior mucosal surface of the tongue has demonstrated its efficacy in a variety of neurological disorders in which anatomical or functional alterations are present. The pathogenesis of such disorders is often linked to altered arousal circuits, and the benefits of tongue stimulation are attributed to the rebalancing of this system. Dental ULFTENS shows efficacy in acting on the muscular, autonomic system and control of the descending pathways that modulate pain. It is administered at the skin level in the area anterior to the tragus and not on the mucosal surface of the tongue. The use of this stimulation technique at the tongue level could have new applications and clinical results if it were able to reduce the activity of arousal circuits. MATERIAL AND METHOD A new intraoral device allowed electrical stimulation of the dorsal anterior mucosa of the tongue in 32 healthy young women. The effects on HRV were monitored by photoplethysmographic wave (PPG) and compared with a control group. The HRV parameters studied were RMSSD, HF, LF, LF/HF, REC, DET. RESULTS The group of stimulated subjects showed a significant change in some of the HRV parameters that was maintained even in the epoch after the end of electrical stimulation. This effect can be considered as a vagal activation and a change of HRV trend. The control group of unstimulated subjects showed an opposite trend. There were no undesirable or annoying effects of stimulation. CONCLUSION Stimulation of the dorsal anterior (trigeminal) mucosal surface of the tongue with ULFTENS applied with an intraoral device was shown to be able to increase HRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Monaco
- Departement of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Cattaneo
- Departement of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Smurra
- Departement of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Di Nicolantonio
- Departement of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - F Cipriano
- Departement of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Pietropaoli
- Departement of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - E Ortu
- Departement of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Slater C, Liu Y, Weiss E, Yu K, Wang Q. The Neuromodulatory Role of the Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Systems and Their Interplay in Cognitive Functions: A Focused Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:890. [PMID: 35884697 PMCID: PMC9320657 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The noradrenergic and cholinergic modulation of functionally distinct regions of the brain has become one of the primary organizational principles behind understanding the contribution of each system to the diversity of neural computation in the central nervous system. Decades of work has shown that a diverse family of receptors, stratified across different brain regions, and circuit-specific afferent and efferent projections play a critical role in helping such widespread neuromodulatory systems obtain substantial heterogeneity in neural information processing. This review briefly discusses the anatomical layout of both the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, as well as the types and distributions of relevant receptors for each system. Previous work characterizing the direct and indirect interaction between these two systems is discussed, especially in the context of higher order cognitive functions such as attention, learning, and the decision-making process. Though a substantial amount of work has been done to characterize the role of each neuromodulator, a cohesive understanding of the region-specific cooperation of these two systems is not yet fully realized. For the field to progress, new experiments will need to be conducted that capitalize on the modular subdivisions of the brain and systematically explore the role of norepinephrine and acetylcholine in each of these subunits and across the full range of receptors expressed in different cell types in these regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Evan Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kunpeng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pagen LHG, Poser BA, van Boxtel MPJ, Priovoulos N, van Hooren RWE, Verhey FRJ, Jacobs HIL. Worry Modifies the Relationship between Locus Coeruleus Activity and Emotional Mnemonic Discrimination. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030381. [PMID: 35326337 PMCID: PMC8946181 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The locus coeruleus (LC) plays a critical role in modulating emotional memory performance via widespread connections to the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Interestingly, both the LC and MTL are affected during aging. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether worry during cognitive aging changes the relationship between memory performance and the neural activity patterns during an emotional memory task. Methods: Twenty-eight participants aged 60–83 years from the Maastricht Aging study conducted an emotional mnemonic discrimination task during a 7T fMRI-scan. We performed a robust multiple linear regression to examine the association between worry and mnemonic memory performance under different levels of arousal. Subsequently, we examined if worry modifies the relationship between neuronal activity and mnemonic memory performance. Results: We observed that under low arousal, only participants with low compared to high levels of worry benefitted from additional LC activity. Under high arousal, additional LC activity was associated with lower mnemonic memory performance. Conclusion: Our results suggest there might be an optimal involvement of the NA-system for optimal memory discrimination performance, as we observed that under low levels of worry and with lower levels of arousal, higher LC activity might be needed to achieve similar levels of optimal memory performance as achieved under higher arousal when LC activity remained lower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda H. G. Pagen
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.H.G.P.); (M.P.J.v.B.); (N.P.); (R.W.E.v.H.); (F.R.J.V.)
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benedikt A. Poser
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Martin P. J. van Boxtel
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.H.G.P.); (M.P.J.v.B.); (N.P.); (R.W.E.v.H.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Nikos Priovoulos
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.H.G.P.); (M.P.J.v.B.); (N.P.); (R.W.E.v.H.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Roy W. E. van Hooren
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.H.G.P.); (M.P.J.v.B.); (N.P.); (R.W.E.v.H.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Frans R. J. Verhey
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.H.G.P.); (M.P.J.v.B.); (N.P.); (R.W.E.v.H.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Heidi I. L. Jacobs
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.H.G.P.); (M.P.J.v.B.); (N.P.); (R.W.E.v.H.); (F.R.J.V.)
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|