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Shariffi B, Lloyd IN, Cessac ME, Harper JL, Limberg JK. Reproducibility and diurnal variation in middle cerebral artery blood velocity in healthy humans. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:692-705. [PMID: 36951536 PMCID: PMC10148902 DOI: 10.1113/ep090873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We sought to establish between-day reproducibility in estimates of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in young, healthy male and female adults in tightly controlled experimental conditions. What is the main finding and its importance? Measures of MCAv assessed during morning, afternoon and evening hours are reproducible between days. There is diurnal variation in CVR, with values being highest during the evening compared with the morning. Greater diurnal variation in CVR is associated with more efficient sleep and greater nocturnal blood pressure dipping. These data enhance our understanding of modulators of MCAv and CVR. ABSTRACT Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is used to assess cerebral blood velocity (CBV) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Assessments of TCD reproducibility are limited, and few include multiple within-day measurements. We sought to establish reproducibility of CBV and CVR in healthy adults during three time periods (morning, afternoon and evening). We hypothesized that CBV and CVR measured at the same time of day are reproducible between days. We also hypothesized that CBV and CVR exhibit diurnal variation, with measurements being higher in the evening compared with morning/afternoon hours. Twelve adults [six male and six female, 27 years (95% CI, 22-31 years)] completed three measurements (morning, afternoon and evening) on two separate days in controlled conditions (e.g., meals, activity and sleep). Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, TCD) was measured continuously at rest and during two CVR tests (end-expiratory apnoea and carbogen inhalation). Intraclass correlation coefficients for resting MCAv showed moderate to good reproducibility, which did not differ between morning, afternoon and evening (0.87, 0.56 and 0.67, respectively; P > 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients for peak MCAv during apnoea (0.80, 0.46 and 0.65, respectively; P > 0.05) and minute 2 of carbogen inhalation (0.81, 0.74 and 0.73, respectively; P > 0.05) were also not different from morning compared with afternoon/evening. Time of day had no effect on resting MCAv (F = 0.69, P = 0.51, ƞp 2 = 0.06) or the peak response to apnoea (F = 1.00, P = 0.39, ƞp 2 = 0.08); however, peak MCAv during carbogen breathing exhibited diurnal variation, with highest values in the evening (F = 3.41, P = 0.05, ƞp 2 = 0.24). Measures of CBV and CVR assessed via TCD during morning, afternoon and evening hours are reproducible between days. There is diurnal variation in the MCAv response to carbogen exposure, with CVR being highest during evening compared with morning hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Shariffi
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Iman N. Lloyd
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Mikala E. Cessac
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Harper
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jacqueline K. Limberg
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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Su T, Gong J, Tang G, Qiu S, Chen P, Chen G, Wang J, Huang L, Wang Y. Structural and functional brain alterations in anorexia nervosa:A multimodal meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5154-5169. [PMID: 34296492 PMCID: PMC8449099 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder with poorly understood etiology. Numerous voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and resting‐state functional imaging studies have provided strong evidence of abnormal brain structure and intrinsic and functional activities in AN, but with inconsistent conclusions. Herein, a whole‐brain meta‐analysis was conducted on VBM (660 patients with AN, and 740 controls) and resting‐state functional imaging (425 patients with AN, and 461 controls) studies that measured differences in the gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic functional activity between patients with AN and healthy controls (HCs). Overall, patients with AN displayed decreased GMV in the bilateral median cingulate cortex (extending to the bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate cortex), and left middle occipital gyrus (extending to the left inferior parietal lobe). In resting‐state functional imaging studies, patients with AN displayed decreased resting‐state functional activity in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral median cingulate cortex, and increased resting‐state functional activity in the right parahippocampal gyrus. This multimodal meta‐analysis identified reductions of gray matter and functional activity in the anterior and median cingulate in patients with AN, which contributes to further understanding of the pathophysiology of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Gong
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Six Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojuan Qiu
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Stopyra MA, Friederich HC, Mönning E, Lavandier N, Bendszus M, Herzog W, Simon JJ. The influence of homeostatic mechanisms on neural regulation of food craving in anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1011-1019. [PMID: 31931900 PMCID: PMC8161429 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive food intake in anorexia nervosa (AN) has been related to an overactive cognitive control network inhibiting intuitive motivational responses to food stimuli. However, the influence of short-term homeostatic signaling on the neural regulation of cue-induced food craving in AN is still unclear. METHODS Twenty-five women with AN and 25 matched normal-weight women were examined on two occasions after receiving either glucose or water directly into their stomach using a nasogastric tube. Participants were blinded to the type of infusion. An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm was used to investigate the effect of intestinal glucose load on neural processing during either simple viewing or distraction from food stimuli. RESULTS Neural differences between patients with AN and normal-weight participants were found during the distraction from food stimuli, but not during the viewing condition. When compared to controls, patients with AN displayed increased activation during food distraction in the left parietal lobule/precuneus and fusiform gyrus after water infusion and decreased activation in ventromedial prefrontal and cingulate regions after intestinal glucose load. CONCLUSIONS Independent of the cephalic phase and the awareness of caloric intake, homeostatic influences trigger disorder-specific reactions in AN. Food distraction in patients with AN is associated with either excessive higher-order cognitive control during physiological hunger or decreased internally directed attention after intestinal glucose load. These findings suggest that food distraction plays an important role in the psychopathology of AN. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with identifier: NCT03075371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion A. Stopyra
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Psychological Institute, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Mönning
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Lavandier
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joe J. Simon
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Martin E, Dourish C, Rotshtein P, Spetter M, Higgs S. Interoception and disordered eating: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:166-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Seidel M, Borchardt V, Geisler D, King JA, Boehm I, Pauligk S, Bernardoni F, Biemann R, Roessner V, Walter M, Ehrlich S. Abnormal Spontaneous Regional Brain Activity in Young Patients With Anorexia Nervosa. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:1104-1114. [PMID: 30768380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have repeatedly shown alterations in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). These alterations might be driven by baseline signal characteristics such as the (fractional) amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF/ALFF), as well as regional signal consistency (ie, regional homogeneity [ReHo]) within circumscribed brain regions. Previous studies have also demonstrated gray matter (pseudo-) atrophy in underweight individuals with AN. Here we study fALFF/ALFF and ReHo in predominantly adolescent patients with AN, while taking gray matter changes into consideration. METHOD Resting state fMRI data were acquired from a sample of 148 female volunteers: 74 underweight patients with AN and 74 age-matched female healthy controls (HC). RESULTS Group differences for fALFF and ReHo measures were found in several AN-relevant brain regions, including networks related to cognitive control, habit formation, and the ventral visual stream. Furthermore, the magnitude of correlation between gray matter volume/thickness and fALFF and ReHo were reduced in AN compared to HC. CONCLUSION Abnormal local resting state characteristics in AN-related brain-networks as well as reduced structure-function relationships may help to explain previously reported task-related and classical resting state neural alterations in underweight AN. Patients with AN may serve as a valuable population for investigating dynamic changes in the relationships between brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Seidel
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Viola Borchardt
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany, and the Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph A King
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilka Boehm
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Pauligk
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany, and the Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Frank GKW, DeGuzman MC, Shott ME. Motivation to eat and not to eat - The psycho-biological conflict in anorexia nervosa. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:185-190. [PMID: 30980856 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric illness with high mortality. Brain imaging research has indicated altered reward circuits in the disorder. Here we propose a disease model for anorexia nervosa, supported by recent studies, that integrates psychological and biological factors. In that model, we propose that there is a conflict between the conscious motivation to restrict food, and a body-homeostasis driven motivation to approach food in response to weight loss. These opposing motivations trigger anxiety, which maintains the vicious cycle of ongoing energy restriction and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido K W Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Marisa C DeGuzman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Megan E Shott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Wierenga CE, Lavender JM, Hays CC. The potential of calibrated fMRI in the understanding of stress in eating disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:64-73. [PMID: 30450374 PMCID: PMC6234260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED), including Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), are medically dangerous psychiatric disorders of unknown etiology. Accumulating evidence supports a biopsychosocial model that includes genetic heritability, neurobiological vulnerability, and psychosocial factors, such as stress, in the development and maintenance of ED. Notably, stress hormones influence appetite and eating, and dysfunction of the physiological stress response has been implicated in ED pathophysiology. Stress signals also appear associated with food reward neurocircuitry response in ED, providing a possible mechanism for the role of stress in appetite dysregulation. This paper provides a review of some of the interacting psychological, behavioral, physiological, and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the stress response among individuals with ED, and discusses novel neuroimaging techniques to address potential physiological confounds of studying neural correlates of stress in ED, such as calibrated fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Wierenga
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jason M Lavender
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea C Hays
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
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Oliveira ÍAF, Guimarães TM, Souza RM, Dos Santos AC, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Hallak JEC, Leoni RF. Brain functional and perfusional alterations in schizophrenia: an arterial spin labeling study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 272:71-78. [PMID: 29229240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects the anatomy and function of the brain, with an impact on one's thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The purpose of the study was to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain connectivity in a group of patients with schizophrenia. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) images were acquired from 28 patients in treatment and 28 age-matched healthy controls. Mean CBF and connectivity patterns were assessed. Schizophrenia patients had decreased CBF in the bilateral frontal pole and superior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus, posterior division of the left supramarginal gyrus, superior and inferior divisions of the left lateral occipital cortex, and bilateral occipital pole. Moreover, through different methods to assess connectivity, our results showed abnormal connectivity patterns in regions involved in motor, sensorial, and cognitive functions. Using pCASL, a non-invasive technique, we found CBF deficits and altered functional organization of the brain in schizophrenia patients that are associated with the symptoms and characteristics of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ícaro A F Oliveira
- Inbrain Lab, Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Tiago M Guimarães
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Roberto M Souza
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Clinic, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Machado-de-Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, FMRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Brazil
| | - Renata F Leoni
- Inbrain Lab, Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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