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Costa A, Lucarini E. Treating chronic stress and chronic pain by manipulating gut microbiota with diet: can we kill two birds with one stone? Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38889540 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2365021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Chronic stress and chronic pain are closely linked by the capacity to exacerbate each other, sharing common roots in the brain and in the gut. The strict intersection between these two neurological diseases makes important to have a therapeutic strategy aimed at preventing both to maintain mental health in patients. Diet is an modifiable lifestyle factor associated with gut-brain axis diseases and there is growing interest in its use as adjuvant to main therapies. Several evidence attest the impact of specific diets or nutrients on chronic stress-related disorders and pain with a good degree of certainty. A daily adequate intake of foods containing micronutrients such as amino acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as the reduction in the consumption of processed food products can have a positive impact on microbiota and gut health. Many nutrients are endowed of prebiotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective potential which make them useful tools helping the management of chronic stress and pain in patients. Dietary regimes, as intermittent fasting or caloric restriction, are promising, although further studies are needed to optimize protocols according to patient's medical history, age and sex. Moreover, by supporting gut microbiota health with diet is possible to attenuate comorbidities such as obesity, gastrointestinal dysfunction and mood disorders, thus reducing healthcare costs related to chronic stress or pain.Objective: This review summarize the most recent evidence on the microbiota-mediated beneficial effects of macro- and micronutrients, dietary-related factors, specific nutritional regimens and dietary intervention on these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Costa
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Ammendolia MG, De Berardis B. Nanoparticle Impact on the Bacterial Adaptation: Focus on Nano-Titania. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3616. [PMID: 36296806 PMCID: PMC9609019 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-titania/TiO2 NPs) are used in different fields and applications. However, the release of TiO2 NPs into the environment has raised concerns about their biosafety and biosecurity. In light of the evidence that TiO2 NPs could be used to counteract antibiotic resistance, they have been investigated for their antibacterial activity. Studies reported so far indicate a good performance of TiO2 NPs against bacteria, alone or in combination with antibiotics. However, bacteria are able to invoke multiple response mechanisms in an attempt to adapt to TiO2 NPs. Bacterial adaption arises from global changes in metabolic pathways via the modulation of regulatory networks and can be related to single-cell or multicellular communities. This review describes how the impact of TiO2 NPs on bacteria leads to several changes in microorganisms, mainly during long-term exposure, that can evolve towards adaptation and/or increased virulence. Strategies employed by bacteria to cope with TiO2 NPs suggest that their use as an antibacterial agent has still to be extensively investigated from the point of view of the risk of adaptation, to prevent the development of resistance. At the same time, possible effects on increased virulence following bacterial target modifications by TiO2 NPs on cells or tissues have to be considered.
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Lazar V, Holban AM, Curutiu C, Ditu LM. Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Essential Oils and Inorganic Nanoparticles: Impact in Nutrition and Health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:920413. [PMID: 35873448 PMCID: PMC9305160 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.920413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease; therefore, the modulation of this complex and yet widely unexplored ecosystem is a biomedical priority. Numerous antibacterial alternatives have been developed in recent years, imposed by the huge problem of antibioresistance, but also by the people demand for natural therapeutical products without side effects, as dysbiosis, cyto/hepatotoxicity. Current studies are focusing mainly in the development of nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with herbal and fruit essential oils (EOs) to fight resistant pathogens. This is due to their increased efficiency against susceptible, multidrug resistant and biofilm embedded microorganisms. They are also studied because of their versatile properties, size and possibility to ensure a targeted administration and a controlled release of bioactive substances. Accordingly, an increasing number of studies addressing the effects of functional nanoparticles and plant products on microbial pathogens has been observed. Regardless the beneficial role of EOs and NPs in the treatment of infectious diseases, concerns regarding their potential activity against human microbiota raised constantly in recent years. The main focus of current research is on gut microbiota (GM) due to well documented metabolic and immunological functions of gut microbes. Moreover, GM is constantly exposed to micro- and nano-particles, but also plant products (including EOs). Because of the great diversity of both microbiota and chemical antimicrobial alternatives (i.e., nanomaterials and EOs), here we limit our discussion on the interactions of gut microbiota, inorganic NPs and EOs. Impact of accidental exposure caused by ingestion of day care products, foods, atmospheric particles and drugs containing nanoparticles and/or fruit EOs on gut dysbiosis and associated diseases is also dissected in this paper. Current models developed to investigate mechanisms of dysbiosis after exposure to NPs/EOs and perspectives for identifying factors driving EOs functionalized NPs dysbiosis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina-Maria Holban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Alina-Maria Holban
| | - Carmen Curutiu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia Mara Ditu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Tan J, Taitz J, Sun SM, Langford L, Ni D, Macia L. Your Regulatory T Cells Are What You Eat: How Diet and Gut Microbiota Affect Regulatory T Cell Development. Front Nutr 2022; 9:878382. [PMID: 35529463 PMCID: PMC9067578 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.878382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern industrial practices have transformed the human diet over the last century, increasing the consumption of processed foods. Dietary imbalance of macro- and micro-nutrients and excessive caloric intake represent significant risk factors for various inflammatory disorders. Increased ingestion of food additives, residual contaminants from agricultural practices, food processing, and packaging can also contribute deleteriously to disease development. One common hallmark of inflammatory disorders, such as autoimmunity and allergies, is the defect in anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell (Treg) development and/or function. Treg represent a highly heterogeneous population of immunosuppressive immune cells contributing to peripheral tolerance. Tregs either develop in the thymus from autoreactive thymocytes, or in the periphery, from naïve CD4+ T cells, in response to environmental antigens and cues. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that various dietary factors can directly regulate Treg development. These dietary factors can also indirectly modulate Treg differentiation by altering the gut microbiota composition and thus the production of bacterial metabolites. This review provides an overview of Treg ontogeny, both thymic and peripherally differentiated, and highlights how diet and gut microbiota can regulate Treg development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jemma Taitz
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shir Ming Sun
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lachlan Langford
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and The Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Laurence Macia
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Čabanová K, Motyka O, Bielniková H, Čábalová L, Handlos P, Zabiegaj D, Zeleník K, Dvořáčková J, Komínek P, Heviánková S, Havlíček M, Kukutschová J. Identification of the phase composition of solid microparticles in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis using Raman microspectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18989. [PMID: 34556770 PMCID: PMC8460631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid particles, predominantly in micron and submicron sizes, have repeatedly been observed as a threat to a human health unique compared to the other textures of the same materials. In this work, the hypothesis the solid metal-based particles play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was investigated in patients who had not responded positively to medication. In the group of 40 randomly selected patients indicated for surgical mucotomy, the presence of solid micro- and submicron particles present in their nasal mucosa was assessed. For comparison, a set of 13 reference samples from patients without diagnosed chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was evaluated. The analysis was performed using Raman microspectroscopy. The advantage of this method is the direct identification of compounds. The main detected compounds in the mucosa samples of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis were TiO2, carbon-based compounds, CaCO3, Ca(Fe, Mg, Mn)(CO3)2 MgCO3, Fe2O3, BaSO4, FeCO3 and compounds of Al and Si, all of which may pose a health risk to a living organism. In the reference samples, only TiO2 and amorphous carbon were found. In the control group mucosa, a significantly lower presence of most of the assessed compounds was found despite the longer time they had to accumulate them due to their higher mean age. Identification and characterisation of such chemicals compounds in a living organism could contribute to the overall picture of the health of the individual and lead to a better understanding of the possible causes not only in the chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, but also in other mucosal and idiopathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Čabanová
- Centre for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Oldřich Motyka
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bielniková
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Čábalová
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Handlos
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Zabiegaj
- Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Karol Zeleník
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dvořáčková
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Komínek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Heviánková
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Kukutschová
- Centre for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Dudefoi W, Rabesona H, Rivard C, Mercier-Bonin M, Humbert B, Terrisse H, Ropers MH. In vitro digestion of food grade TiO 2 (E171) and TiO 2 nanoparticles: physicochemical characterization and impact on the activity of digestive enzymes. Food Funct 2021; 12:5975-5988. [PMID: 34032251 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide is a food additive that has raised some concerns for humans due to the presence of nanoparticles. We were interested in knowing the fate of TiO2 particles in the gastro-intestinal tract and their potential effect on digestive enzymes. For this purpose, we analysed the behaviour of two different food grade TiO2 samples (E171) and one nano-sized TiO2 sample (P25) through a standardized static in vitro digestion protocol simulating the oral, gastric and intestinal phases with appropriate juices including enzymes. Both E171 and P25 TiO2 particles remained intact in the digestive fluids but formed large agglomerates, and especially in the intestinal fluid where up to 500 μm sized particles have been identified. The formation of these agglomerates is mediated by the adsorption of mainly α-amylase and divalent cations. Pepsin was also identified to adsorb onto TiO2 particles but only in the case of silica-covered E171. In the salivary conditions, TiO2 exerted an inhibitory action on the enzymatic activity of α-amylase. The activity was reduced by a factor dependent on enzyme concentrations (up to 34% at 1 mg mL-1) but this inhibitory effect was reduced to hardly 10% in the intestinal fluid. In the gastric phase, pepsin was not affected by any form of TiO2. Our results hint that food grade TiO2 has a limited impact on the global digestion of carbohydrates and proteins. However, the reduced activity specifically observed in the oral phase deserves deeper investigation to prevent any adverse health effects related to the slowdown of carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Dudefoi
- INRAE, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300 Nantes, France.
| | - Hanitra Rabesona
- INRAE, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300 Nantes, France.
| | - Camille Rivard
- INRAE, UAR 1008 TRANSFORM, 44300 Nantes, France and Synchrotron SOLEIL, LUCIA Beamline, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Humbert
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Terrisse
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
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