Dietary Magnesium Intake Modifies the Association Between Vitamin D and Systolic Blood Pressure: Results From NHANES 2007–2014

Nonlinear association between C-reactive protein and severity of diabetic foot infection in patients with diabetes: A retrospective cohort study with clinical implications

OBJECTIVE

Diabetic foot infection(DFI) is a frequent complication of diabetes and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. These are huge economic health burdens for patients, countries, and the world. Timely diagnosis and accurate assessment of the severity of DFI based on sensitive inflammatory biomarkers is critical, with considerable benefits for debridement procedures and antibiotic use. This study aimed to examine the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the severity of DFI in patients with diabetes.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, we investigate the association between CRP levels and the severity of DFI in patients with diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression modeling, a generalized additive model, and a two-piecewise linear regression model were conducted to explore the relationship between CRP levels and DFI severity.

RESULTS

Based on inclusion exclusion criteria, A total of 301 patients with Wagner stage 3 or higher diabetic foot ulcers combined with moderate to severe infections were included in the study at last. CRP levels were independently associated with the severity of DFIs after accounting for potential confounding factors. A nonlinear relationship was observed between CRP level and DFI severity, with a threshold of approximately 105 mg/L. The odds ratio for severe diabetic foot infection was 1.039 (95% confidence interval: 1.019-1.06, P < 0.001) in patients with DFI and CRP < 105 mg/L.

CONCLUSION

The relationship between CRP and the severity of DFI was nonlinear; as CRP levels remained below 105 mg/L, the severity of DFI increased with an increase in CRP.

Association Between Serum Essential Metal Elements and Blood Pressure in Children: A Cohort Study

A limited number of cohort studies have explored the impact of serum essential metal elements on blood pressure (BP) or glycolipids and their regulatory mechanism in children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum metal concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg) and BP in children, and explore the potential mediating effects of glycolipid profiles. This cohort study included 1993 children (3566 BP measurements) aged 6-14 years in Chongqing, China. Serum essential metals, BP, lipid profiles, and glucose and insulin levels were measured. The relationship between serum metal levels and BP was analyzed using generalized linear and regression models, and a mediation analysis was performed to examine the potential mediating role of glycolipids. After adjusting for confounders, positive associations were found between serum Fe and Zn levels and BP parameters (all P < 0.05). A "U" style relationship between Cu and BP was found. Stronger associations were found in children aged ≤ 10 years, with sex-specific differences for Fe, Zn, and Cu. The relationship between elevated BP and serum Mg and Ca was not found. Our study found that triglycerides showed a significant relationship with Fe and Zn levels (P < 0.005). Moreover, triglycerides, partially mediate the effects of Zn on elevated BP. Serum Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations were associated with BP in children, and age and sex differences were observed. Triglycerides may play a mediating role. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining an optimal serum essential metal status for cardiovascular health in children and suggest potential early prevention strategies.

The role of vitamin A in relation to childhood asthma with hypertension: a cross-sectional study of the NHANES database

BACKGROUND

Recent studies have reported that diet can modulate the associations between risk factors and childhood metabolic diseases. Herein, this study aims to explore the role of dietary vitamin A (VA) in relation to asthma with hypertension in children and adolescents, and further provide some information on dietary aspect for the prevention of asthma related hypertension.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, data of 9,448 children and adolescents were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the period of 2007 to 2018. Weighted univariate logistic regression analysis was used for covariates screening, and associations of dietary VA and asthma with hypertension were explored through weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as evaluation indexes. Besides, subgroup analyses of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were also performed.

RESULTS

There were a total of 546 participants with hypertension in the study cohort. Children and adolescents with asthma had higher odds of hypertension than non-asthma individuals after covariates adjustment (OR =1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.78). When there were deficient dietary VA intakes, having asthma was significantly linked to higher odds of hypertension comparing to non-asthma individuals (OR =1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-1.99). Additionally, the potential beneficial effect of sufficient dietary VA intakes on hypertension related asthma was found in aged ≥13 years old (OR =1.65, 95% CI: 1.21-2.26), male (OR =1.59, 95% CI: 1.09-2.33), and underweight/normal weight (OR =1.97, 95% CI: 1.14-3.43) subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS

Children and adolescents having asthma seemed to have higher odds of hypertension, and sufficient dietary VA intakes may help reduce the risk of asthma related hypertension. However, the causal effect of dietary VA intakes on this correlation needs further clarification.

The Association Between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Pulmonary Function: Recent Fndings from NHANES 2007-2012

This article aims to study the correlation between dietary magnesium intake and pulmonary function, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. This cross-sectional study examined representative samples of adults from the USA (n = 818; NHANES 2007-2012) to explore the correlation between magnesium intake and pulmonary function. We obtained the average magnesium intake over 2 days, as well as measured pulmonary function parameters, including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75%). Weighted multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between magnesium intake and pulmonary function. Additionally, subgroup analyses, interaction tests, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Weighted multiple linear regression models revealed a significant positive correlation between magnesium and pulmonary function, even after adjusting for all included confounding variables. When we categorized magnesium intake into tertiles, we found that participants in the highest tertile of magnesium intake had significantly higher values for FVC (β: 898.54, 95%CI: 211.82-1585.25), FEV1 (β: 858.16, 95%CI: 212.41-1503.91), FEV1/FVC (β: 0.024, 95%CI: 0.004-0.044), PEF (β: 1324.52, 95%CI: 481.71-2167.33), and FEF25-75% (β: 831.39, 95%CI: 84.93-1577.84). Upon stratifying the data by age and sex, it was observed that this positive correlation was particularly pronounced among men aged 40-79. At the same time, the stability of the results was further confirmed by sensitivity analyses. This study suggested that dietary magnesium intake may improve pulmonary function.

Probiotic-driven advancement: Exploring the intricacies of mineral absorption in the human body

The interplay between probiotics and mineral absorption is a topic of growing interest due to its great potential for human well-being. Minerals are vital in various physiological processes, and deficiencies can lead to significant health problems. Probiotics, beneficial microorganisms residing in the gut, have recently gained attention for their ability to modulate mineral absorption and mitigate deficiencies. The aim of the present review is to investigate the intricate connection between probiotics and the absorption of key minerals such as calcium, selenium, zinc, magnesium, and potassium. However, variability in probiotic strains, and dosages, alongside the unique composition of individuals in gut microbiota, pose challenges in establishing universal guidelines. An improved understanding of these mechanisms will enable the development of targeted probiotic interventions to optimize mineral absorption and promote human health.

Association of magnesium and vitamin D status with grip strength and fatigue in older adults: a 4-week observational study of geriatric participants undergoing rehabilitation

BACKGROUND

Low magnesium and vitamin D levels negatively affect individuals' health.

AIMS

We aimed to investigate the association of magnesium status with grip strength and fatigue scores, and evaluate whether this association differs by vitamin D status among older participants undergoing geriatric rehabilitation.

METHODS

This is a 4-week observational study of participants aged ≥ 65 years undergoing rehabilitation. The outcomes were baseline grip strength and fatigue scores, and 4-week change from baseline in grip strength and fatigue scores. The exposures were baseline magnesium tertiles and achieved magnesium tertiles at week 4. Pre-defined subgroup analyses by vitamin D status (25[OH]D < 50 nmol/l = deficient) were performed.

RESULTS

At baseline, participants (N = 253, mean age 75.7 years, 49.4% women) in the first magnesium tertile had lower mean grip strength compared to participants in the third tertile (25.99 [95% CI 24.28-27.70] vs. 30.1 [95% CI 28.26-31.69] kg). Similar results were observed among vitamin D sufficient participants (25.54 [95% CI 22.65-28.43] kg in the first magnesium tertile vs. 30.91 [27.97-33.86] kg in the third tertile). This association was not significant among vitamin D deficient participants. At week 4, no significant associations were observed between achieved magnesium tertiles and change in grip strength, overall and by vitamin D status. For fatigue, no significant associations were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Among older participants undergoing rehabilitation, magnesium status may be relevant for grip strength, particularly among vitamin D sufficient individuals. Magnesium status was not associated with fatigue, regardless of vitamin D status.

STUDY REGISTRATION

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03422263; registered February 5, 2018.

Associations between dietary magnesium intake and handgrip strength were modified by serum vitamin D level among the US elderly

Objective

The present study aimed to evaluate the associations between dietary magnesium intake and handgrip strength, and whether these associations were affected by serum vitamin D status.

Methods

A total of 2,127 participants aged 60 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the 2011-2014 cycles were included in the analyses. Magnesium intake was obtained by 24-h dietary recalls and 30-day dietary supplement. Participants in the lowest sex-specific tertile of magnesium intake were defined as having low magnesium intake. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D)] concentrations were examined by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and categorized into three levels: deficient, suboptimal, and sufficient. Handgrip strength was determined by using a dynamometer. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between dietary magnesium intake and handgrip strength.

Results

Low magnesium intake was not associated with handgrip strength, but interactions between low magnesium intake and serum 25(OH)D level existed on handgrip strength. The stratified analyses found that only in participants with deficient serum 25(OH)D, low magnesium intake was associated with reduced handgrip strength. The combined analyses shown that participants with both low magnesium intake and deficient serum 25(OH)D had highest decrease of handgrip strength.

Conclusion

Findings suggested that low magnesium intake was associated with reduced handgrip strength only in participants with deficient serum 25(OH)D. Increased magnesium intake was recommended for participants with deficient serum 25(OH)D in maintaining muscle strength.