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Gonçalves RFS, Fernandes JM, Martins JT, Vieira JM, Abreu CS, Gomes JR, Vicente AA, Pinheiro AC. Incorporation of curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles into yogurt: Tribo-rheological properties and dynamic in vitro digestion. Food Res Int 2024; 181:114112. [PMID: 38448111 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanostructures loaded with bioactive compounds into food matrices is a promising approach to develop new functional foods with improved nutritional, health profiles and good sensorial properties. The rheological and tribological properties of yogurt enriched with curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were evaluated. Also, the TCA solubility index, the bioaccessibility of curcumin and cell viability were assessed after dynamic in vitro digestion. The presence of SLN in yogurt did not affect its rheological properties; however, SLN addition increased the lubrication capability of yogurt. After in vitro digestion, yogurt with added SLN (yogurt_SLN) presented a lower TCA solubility index (22 %) than the plain yogurt (39 %). The bioaccessibility and stability of curcumin were statistically similar for yogurt_SLN (30 % and 42 %, respectively) and SLN alone (20 % and 39 %, respectively). Regarding cell viability results, the intestinal digesta filtrates of both controls (i.e., SLN alone and plain yogurt) did not affect significantly the cell viability, while the yogurt_SLN presented a possible cytotoxic effect at the concentrations tested. In general, the incorporation of SLN into yogurt seemed to promote the mouthfeel of the yogurt and did not adversely affect the bioaccessibility of curcumin. However, the interaction of SLN and yogurt matrix seemed to have a cytotoxic effect after in vitro digestion, which should be further investigated. Despite that, SLN has a high potential to be used as nanostructure in a functional food as a strategy to increase the bioactive compounds' bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel F S Gonçalves
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jean-Michel Fernandes
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana T Martins
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Vieira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristiano S Abreu
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Physics Dep., Polytechnic of Porto - School of Engineering, Portugal; CMEMS-UMinho - Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José R Gomes
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; CMEMS-UMinho - Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António A Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana C Pinheiro
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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2
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Dah-Nouvlessounon D, Chokki M, Hoteyi IMS, Fassinou F, Ranga F, Fetea F, Diaconeasa Z, Vodnar D, Furdui B, Baba-Moussa F, Dinica RM, Suharoschi R, Baba-Moussa L. Pharmacological Property and Cytotoxic Effect Showing Antiproliferative Potency in Human Melanoma Cell Lines (A375) of Combretum racemosum P. Beauv. Leaf and Root Extracts Used in Benin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 38247456 PMCID: PMC10812713 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Combretum racemosum, a plant from the Combretaceae family, is traditionally used in Benin for various health problems. However, scientific research on Beninese samples of this plant is limited. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the bioactive compounds in the plant's leaves and roots. Initial screening involved analyzing powders derived from these parts for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and both condensed and hydrolyzable tannins. The polyphenolic compounds were analyzed using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. To evaluate the plant's antimicrobial properties, the agar diffusion method was employed, while FRAP and DPPH assays were used to determine its antioxidant capacity. For anti-inflammatory activity, the study utilized tests for in vitro protein denaturation inhibition and in vivo acute edema induced by carrageenan. Additionally, an antiproliferative assay was conducted using the human melanoma cell line A375. The analysis revealed the presence of significant polyphenolic compounds in both the leaf and root extracts of C. racemosum. Notably, compounds like Pedunculagin, Vescalagin, Casuarictin, and Digalloyl-glucoside were abundant in the leaves, with Vescalagin being especially predominant in the roots. The study also found that the dichloromethane extracts from the leaves and roots exhibited bactericidal effects on a substantial percentage of meat-isolated strains. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of these extracts were confirmed through FRAP and DPPH methods. Interestingly, the dichloromethane root extract showed strong activity in inhibiting thermal albumin denaturation, while the water-ethanol leaf extract demonstrated significant edema inhibition. Finally, the study observed that C. racemosum extracts reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with leaf extracts showing more pronounced antiproliferative effects than root extracts. These findings highlight the potential of C. racemosum leaves and roots as sources of compounds with diverse and significant biological activities. In conclusion, C. racemosum's leaves and roots exhibit promising biological activities, highlighting their potential medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05BP1604, Benin (I.M.S.H.); (F.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Michaelle Chokki
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Technologie Alimentaire, FAST, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01BP: 526 ISBA-Champ de Foire, Cotonou 01BP526, Benin; (M.C.); (F.B.-M.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Ismaël M. S. Hoteyi
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05BP1604, Benin (I.M.S.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Fidèle Fassinou
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05BP1604, Benin (I.M.S.H.); (F.F.)
| | - Floricuta Ranga
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Florinela Fetea
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Dan Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Bianca Furdui
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Farid Baba-Moussa
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Technologie Alimentaire, FAST, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01BP: 526 ISBA-Champ de Foire, Cotonou 01BP526, Benin; (M.C.); (F.B.-M.)
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05BP1604, Benin (I.M.S.H.); (F.F.)
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Tagrida M, Palamae S, Saetang J, Ma L, Hong H, Benjakul S. Comparative Study of Quercetin and Hyperoside: Antimicrobial Potential towards Food Spoilage Bacteria, Mode of Action and Molecular Docking. Foods 2023; 12:4051. [PMID: 38002109 PMCID: PMC10670185 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activities of quercetin and hyperoside were evaluated towards two major spoilage bacteria in fish, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Shewanella putrefaciens (SP). Hyperoside showed a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) towards both spoilage bacteria, PA and SP, than quercetin. Cell membrane morphology was affected when treated with hyperoside and quercetin. The release of content from the treated cells occurred, as ascertained by the release of potassium and magnesium ions and the increase in conductivity of the culture media. The morphology of cells was significantly changed, in which shrinkage and pores were obtained, when observed using SEM. Both compounds negatively affected the motility, both swimming and swarming, and the formation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), thus confirming antibiofilm activities. Agarose gel analysis revealed that both compounds could bind to or degrade the genomic DNA of both bacteria, thereby causing bacterial death. Molecular docking indicated that the compounds interacted with the minor groove of the DNA, favoring the adenine-thymine-rich regions. Thus, both quercetin and hyperoside could serve as potential antimicrobial agents to retard the spoilage of fish or perishable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tagrida
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (M.T.); (S.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Suriya Palamae
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (M.T.); (S.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jirakrit Saetang
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (M.T.); (S.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Lukai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food of Ministry and Rural Affairs, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (M.T.); (S.P.); (J.S.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Myszka K, Tomaś N, Juzwa W, Wolko Ł. Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits Rahnella aquatilis KM25 Growth and Proteolytic Activity in Fish-Based Products. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1367. [PMID: 37374869 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work verified the antiproliferative and antiproteolytic activities of chlorogenic acid against Rahnella aquatilis KM25, a spoilage organism of raw salmon stored at 4 °C. Chlorogenic acid limited the growth of R. aqatilis KM25 in vitro at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. The dead (46%), viable (25%), and injured (20%) cell subpopulations were identified by flow cytometry following treatment of R. aquatilis KM25 with the examined agent. The exposure of R. aquatilis KM25 to chlorogenic acid altered its morphology. Changes in cell dimensions, mostly in length parameters from 0.778 µm to 1.09 µm, were found. The length of untreated cells ranged from 0.958 µm to 1.53 µm. The RT-qPCR experiments revealed changes in the expression of genes responsible for the proliferation and proteolytic activity of cells. Chlorogenic acid caused a significant reduction in the mRNA levels of the ftsZ, ftsA, ftsN, tolB, and M4 genes (-2.5, -1.5, -2.0, -1.5, and -1.5, respectively). In situ experiments confirmed the potential of chlorogenic acid to limit bacterial growth. A similar effect was noted in samples treated with benzoic acid, where the growth inhibition of R. aquatilis KM25 was 85-95%. Reduction of microbial R. aquatilis KM25 proliferation significantly limited total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) and trimethylamine (TMA-N) formation during storage, extending the shelf life of model products. The TVB-N and TMA-N parameters did not exceed the upper levels of the maximum permissible limit of acceptability. In this work, the TVB-N and TMA-N parameters were 10-25 mg/100 g and 2.5-20.5 mg/100 g, respectively; for samples with benzoic acid-supplemented marinades, the parameters TVB-N and TMA-N were 7.5-25.0 mg/100 g and 2.0-20.0 mg/100 g, respectively. Based on the results of this work, it can be concluded that chlorogenic acid can increase the safety, shelf life, and quality of fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Myszka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Tomaś
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Juzwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wolko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
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Lobiuc A, Pavăl NE, Mangalagiu II, Gheorghiță R, Teliban GC, Amăriucăi-Mantu D, Stoleru V. Future Antimicrobials: Natural and Functionalized Phenolics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031114. [PMID: 36770780 PMCID: PMC9920704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With incidence of antimicrobial resistance rising globally, there is a continuous need for development of new antimicrobial molecules. Phenolic compounds having a versatile scaffold that allows for a broad range of chemical additions; they also exhibit potent antimicrobial activities which can be enhanced significantly through functionalization. Synthetic routes such as esterification, phosphorylation, hydroxylation or enzymatic conjugation may increase the antimicrobial activity of compounds and reduce minimal concentrations needed. With potent action mechanisms interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, DNA replication or enzyme production, phenolics can target multiple sites in bacteria, leading to a much higher sensitivity of cells towards these natural compounds. The current review summarizes some of the most important knowledge on functionalization of natural phenolic compounds and the effects on their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Lobiuc
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Naomi-Eunicia Pavăl
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Correspondence: (N.-E.P.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (N.-E.P.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Roxana Gheorghiță
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Gabriel-Ciprian Teliban
- Department of Horticulture Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Vasile Stoleru
- Department of Horticulture Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
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Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Ullah S, Al-Azri MS, Bekhit AEDA, Karam L, Albratty M, Aldawsari MF, Anwer MK. Combined Effect of Drying Temperature and Varied Gelatin Concentration on Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Ginger Oil Incorporated Chitosan Based Edible Films. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020364. [PMID: 36673455 PMCID: PMC9857393 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, ginger essential oil (GEO) loaded chitosan (CS) based films incorporated with varying concentrations of gelatin (GE) were fabricated and dried at different conditions (25 °C and 45 °C). The physio-chemical, mechanical and antioxidant potential of the films were determined. Films dried at 45 °C showed better physical attributes and less thickness, swelling degree (SD), moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), more transparency, and better mechanical characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the chemical composition and interaction between the functional groups of the film components. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) findings revealed that samples dried at 45 °C had more crystalline structure, were thermally stable, and smoother. Antioxidant results showed that films dried at low temperature showed comparatively more (p < 0.0001) antioxidant activity. Additionally, an increase in gelatin concentration improved the tensile strength and swelling factor (p < 0.05), however, had no significant impact on other parameters. The overall results suggested better characteristics of GEO-loaded CS-GE based edible films when dried at 45 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Prem Nagar, Dehradun 248007, India
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Sana Ullah
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Mohammed Said Al-Azri
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | | | - Layal Karam
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Olchowik-Grabarek E, Sękowski S, Kwiatek A, Płaczkiewicz J, Abdulladjanova N, Shlyonsky V, Swiecicka I, Zamaraeva M. The Structural Changes in the Membranes of Staphylococcus aureus Caused by Hydrolysable Tannins Witness Their Antibacterial Activity. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1124. [PMID: 36363679 PMCID: PMC9698758 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, including tannins, are phytochemicals with pronounced antimicrobial properties. We studied the activity of two hydrolysable tannins, (i) gallotannin-1,2,3,4,5-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) and (ii) ellagitannin-1,2-di-O-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-β-D-glucose (dGVG), applied alone and in combination with antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strain 8324-4. We also evaluated the effect of these tannins on bacterial membrane integrity and fluidity and studied their interaction with membrane proteins and lipids. A correlation between the antimicrobial activity of the tannins and their membranotropic action depending on the tannin molecular structure has been demonstrated. We found that the antibacterial activity of PGG was stronger than dGVG, which can be associated with its larger flexibility, dipole moment, and hydrophobicity. In addition, we also noted the membrane effects of the tannins observed as an increase in the size of released bacterial membrane vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Szymon Sękowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kwiatek
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jagoda Płaczkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nodira Abdulladjanova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100143, Uzbekistan
| | - Vadim Shlyonsky
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Zamaraeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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