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Upton K, Modi A, Patel K, Kendsersky NM, Conkrite KL, Sussman RT, Way GP, Adams RN, Sacks GI, Fortina P, Diskin SJ, Maris JM, Rokita JL. Epigenomic profiling of neuroblastoma cell lines. Sci Data 2020; 7:116. [PMID: 32286315 PMCID: PMC7156688 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the aberrant transcriptional landscape of neuroblastoma is necessary to provide insight to the underlying influences of the initiation, progression and persistence of this developmental cancer. Here, we present chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data for the oncogenic transcription factors, MYCN and MYC, as well as regulatory histone marks H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27Ac, and H3K27me3 in ten commonly used human neuroblastoma-derived cell line models. In addition, for all of the profiled cell lines we provide ATAC-Seq as a measure of open chromatin. We validate specificity of global MYCN occupancy in MYCN amplified cell lines and functional redundancy of MYC occupancy in MYCN non-amplified cell lines. Finally, we show with H3K27Ac ChIP-Seq that these cell lines retain expression of key neuroblastoma super-enhancers (SE). We anticipate this dataset, coupled with available transcriptomic profiling on the same cell lines, will enable the discovery of novel gene regulatory mechanisms in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Upton
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Apexa Modi
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Nathan M Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Karina L Conkrite
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Robyn T Sussman
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory P Way
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca N Adams
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Gregory I Sacks
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
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Lin W, Xu Y, Chen X, Liu J, Weng Y, Zhuang Q, Lin F, Huang Z, Wu S, Ding J, Chen L, Qiu X, Zhang L, Wu J, Lin D, Qiu S. Radiation-induced small extracellular vesicles as "carriages" promote tumor antigen release and trigger antitumor immunity. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4871-4884. [PMID: 32308755 PMCID: PMC7163438 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Accumulating evidence supports the importance of radiation therapy in the induction of antitumor immunity. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play essential roles in tumor antigen loading and delivery. However, the role of sEVs in radiation-induced antitumor immunity remains unclear. It is therefore important to determine the role and regulatory mechanisms of sEVs in radiation-induced immunity. Methods: Tumor cells were irradiated (8 Gy), and sEVs were purified via ultracentrifugation. Primary tumor and experimental lung metastasis models were established in mice to evaluate antitumor immunity triggered by immunization with sEVs. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify altered cargos in sEVs induced by radiation. Peptides derived from up-regulated proteins in sEVs were designed and synthesized as vaccines according to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I binding and immunogenicity. Results: Here, we demonstrated that sEVs derived from irradiated tumor cells could trigger antitumor immunity against primary tumor and experimental lung metastasis by enhancing CD8+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration. Radiation may also enrich sEVs with tumor antigens and heat-shock proteins. Furthermore, CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) derived from radiation-induced sEVs was identified as a novel tumor-associated antigen and developed as a peptide vaccine that may generate antitumor immune responses. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the use of sEVs secreted by irradiated tumor cells constitutes an efficient approach for tumor antigen delivery and presentation and highlight the role of sEVs in radiation-triggered antitumor immunity.
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Cohen MA, Zhang S, Sengupta S, Ma H, Bell GW, Horton B, Sharma B, George RE, Spranger S, Jaenisch R. Formation of Human Neuroblastoma in Mouse-Human Neural Crest Chimeras. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:579-592.e6. [PMID: 32142683 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), derived from the neural crest (NC), is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor. Here, we establish a platform that allows the study of human NBs in mouse-human NC chimeras. Chimeric mice were produced by injecting human NC cells carrying NB relevant oncogenes in utero into gastrulating mouse embryos. The mice developed tumors composed of a heterogenous cell population that resembled that seen in primary NBs of patients but were significantly different from homogeneous tumors formed in xenotransplantation models. The human tumors emerged in immunocompetent hosts and were extensively infiltrated by mouse cytotoxic T cells, reflecting a vigorous host anti-tumor immune response. However, the tumors blunted the immune response by inducing infiltration of regulatory T cells and expression of immune-suppressive molecules similar to escape mechanisms seen in human cancer patients. Thus, this experimental platform allows the study of human tumor initiation, progression, manifestation, and tumor-immune-system interactions in an animal model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkiel A Cohen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shupei Zhang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Satyaki Sengupta
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haiting Ma
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George W Bell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brendan Horton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bandana Sharma
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rani E George
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Lin W, Liu J, Chen J, Li J, Qiu S, Ma J, Lin X, Zhang L, Wu J. Peptides of tetraspanin oncoprotein CD151 trigger active immunity against primary tumour and experimental lung metastasis. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:133-144. [PMID: 31668880 PMCID: PMC6945203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active immunotherapy is an effective, long-lasting, cheap, and safe approach to suppress cancer progression; however, the key issue is to develop appropriate tumour vaccines. Oncoproteins are up-regulated under various stress conditions and promote cell survival. Oncoproteins and their immunogenic domains could serve well as tumour vaccines and prime the hosts' active anti-tumour immunity. METHODS Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify potential tumour associated antigens (TAAs). Then, peptides derived from CD151 were designed and synthesized according to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I binding and immunogenicity. Cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and in vivo bioluminescence imaging were performed to assess the active anti-tumour immunity triggered by CD151 peptides in H22 primary hepatoma and experimental 4T1 breast cancer lung metastasis models. FINDINGS CD151 was identified as an ideal TAA based on proteomic and bioinformatic analyses. CD151 peptides as tumour vaccines triggered active anti-tumour immunity against H22 hepatoma and the lung metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer in two mouse models through the activation of CD8+IFNγ+ lymphocytes and the subsequent targeted cytotoxicity. Further, the peptides suppressed the negative regulators, myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Survival was prolonged for mice with lung metastases from CD151 peptide-immunised groups. INTERPRETATION The up-regulated oncoproteins in 8 Gy-irradiated tumour cells are good candidates for designing immunogenic peptides as tumour vaccines. Anti-tumour active immunity primed by peptides from CD151 may be an effective and safe approach to suppress cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Rd, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Rd, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Juhui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Rd, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Department of Chest Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Rd, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Department of Head & Neck Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Rd, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- Department of Chest Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Rd, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Rd, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Rd, Fuzhou 350014, China.
| | - Junxin Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Rd, Fuzhou 350014, China.
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Abstract
This paper is in recognition of the 100th birthday of Dr. Herbert Tabor, a true pioneer in the polyamine field for over 70 years, who served as the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Biological Chemistry from 1971 to 2010. We review current knowledge of MYC proteins (c-MYC, MYCN, and MYCL) and focus on ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), an important bona fide gene target of MYC, which encodes the sentinel, rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. Although notable advances have been made in designing inhibitors against the "undruggable" MYCs, their downstream targets and pathways are currently the main avenue for therapeutic anticancer interventions. To this end, the MYC-ODC axis presents an attractive target for managing cancers such as neuroblastoma, a pediatric malignancy in which MYCN gene amplification correlates with poor prognosis and high-risk disease. ODC and polyamine levels are often up-regulated and contribute to tumor hyperproliferation, especially of MYC-driven cancers. We therefore had proposed to repurpose α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an FDA-approved, orally available ODC inhibitor, for management of neuroblastoma, and this intervention is now being pursued in several clinical trials. We discuss the regulation of ODC and polyamines, which besides their well-known interactions with DNA and tRNA/rRNA, are involved in regulating RNA transcription and translation, ribosome function, proteasomal degradation, the circadian clock, and immunity, events that are also controlled by MYC proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S Bachmann
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 and
| | - Dirk Geerts
- the Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yoshida GJ. Emerging roles of Myc in stem cell biology and novel tumor therapies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:173. [PMID: 30053872 PMCID: PMC6062976 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological roles and the therapeutic potentials of Myc family are reviewed in this article. The physiological functions and molecular machineries in stem cells, including embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are clearly described. The c-Myc/Max complex inhibits the ectopic differentiation of both types of artificial stem cells. Whereas c-Myc plays a fundamental role as a "double-edged sword" promoting both iPS cells generation and malignant transformation, L-Myc contributes to the nuclear reprogramming with the significant down-regulation of differentiation-associated genetic expression. Furthermore, given the therapeutic resistance of neuroendocrine tumors such as small-cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma, the roles of N-Myc in difficult-to-treat tumors are discussed. N-Myc and p53 exhibit the co-localization in the nucleus and alter p53-dependent transcriptional responses which are necessary for DNA repair, anti-apoptosis, and lipid metabolic reprogramming. NCYM protein stabilizes N-Myc, resulting in the stimulation of Oct4 expression, while Oct4 induces both N-Myc and NCYM via direct transcriptional activation of N-Myc, [corrected] thereby leading to the enhanced metastatic potential. Importantly enough, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that c-Myc can be a promising therapeutic target molecule among Myc family in terms of the biological characteristics of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). The presence of CSCs leads to the intra-tumoral heterogeneity, which is mainly responsible for the therapeutic resistance. Mechanistically, it has been shown that Myc-induced epigenetic reprogramming enhances the CSC phenotypes. In this review article, the author describes two major therapeutic strategies of CSCs by targeting c-Myc; Firstly, Myc-dependent metabolic reprogramming is closely related to CD44 variant-dependent redox stress regulation in CSCs. It has been shown that c-Myc increases NADPH production via enhanced glutaminolysis with a finely-regulated mechanism. Secondly, the dormancy of CSCs due to FBW7-depedent c-Myc degradation pathway is also responsible for the therapeutic resistance to the conventional anti-tumor agents, the action points of which are largely dependent on the operation of the cell cycle. That is why the loss-of-functional mutations of FBW7 gene are expected to trigger "awakening" of dormant CSCs in the niche with c-Myc up-regulation. Collectively, although the further research is warranted to develop the effective anti-tumor therapeutic strategy targeting Myc family, we cancer researchers should always catch up with the current advances in the complex functions of Myc family in highly-malignant and heterogeneous tumor cells to realize the precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Bao LS, Xia JL. Global analysis of transcriptome sequences highlights accelerated evolution of immune genes in Danio choprae and Danio albolineatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:390-397. [PMID: 28478255 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Danio fishes, a small type animal with short sexual cycles, are model vertebrate species. To investigate the genic evolution of this genus, the transcriptomes from Danio choprae and Danio albolineatus were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. A total of 128,427,304 sequence reads from two Danio fishes were generated by Next Generation Sequencing. The resulting in two assemblies contained 88,682 and 88,029 unigenes in the Danio choprae and Danio albolineatus. Analysis of the orthologs from the Danio choprae and Danio albolineatus provided consistent evidence for the accelerated genic evolution in the Danio fishes. Several genes referring to immune functions under positive selection were identified by branch site model analysis, such as REL, GTF2E1, STAT6, MPG in Danio choprae and CYP17A1, ADORA2A, MYCN in Danio albolineatus. Our data provide novel insights into the adaptation in Danio fishes and is useful for understanding the genetic basis of adaptation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Sheng Bao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Jin-Lan Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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El-Aarag SA, Mahmoud A, Hashem MH, Abd Elkader H, Hemeida AE, ElHefnawi M. In silico identification of potential key regulatory factors in smoking-induced lung cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:40. [PMID: 28592245 PMCID: PMC5463402 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. Like other cancers, it is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease involving multiple signaling pathways. Identifying potential therapeutic targets is critical for the development of effective treatment strategies. Methods We used a systems biology approach to identify potential key regulatory factors in smoking-induced lung cancer. We first identified genes that were differentially expressed between smokers with normal lungs and those with cancerous lungs, then integrated these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with data from a protein-protein interaction database to build a network model with functional modules for pathway analysis. We also carried out a gene set enrichment analysis of DEG lists using the Kinase Enrichment Analysis (KEA), Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) hubs, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases. Results Twelve transcription factors were identified as having potential significance in lung cancer (CREB1, NUCKS1, HOXB4, MYCN, MYC, PHF8, TRIM28, WT1, CUX1, CRX, GABP, and TCF3); three of these (CRX, GABP, and TCF) have not been previously implicated in lung carcinogenesis. In addition, 11 kinases were found to be potentially related to lung cancer (MAPK1, IGF1R, RPS6KA1, ATR, MAPK14, MAPK3, MAPK4, MAPK8, PRKCZ, and INSR, and PRKAA1). However, PRKAA1 is reported here for the first time. MEPCE, CDK1, PRKCA, COPS5, GSK3B, BRCA1, EP300, and PIN1 were identified as potential hubs in lung cancer-associated signaling. In addition, we found 18 pathways that were potentially related to lung carcinogenesis, of which 12 (mitogen-activated protein kinase, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Toll-like receptor, ErbB, and insulin signaling; purine and ether lipid metabolism; adherens junctions; regulation of autophagy; snare interactions in vesicular transport; and cell cycle) have been previously identified. Conclusion Our systems-based approach identified potential key molecules in lung carcinogenesis and provides a basis for investigations of tumor development as well as novel drug targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem A El-Aarag
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Amal Mahmoud
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Medhat H Hashem
- Animal biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hatem Abd Elkader
- Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computer and Information, Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Hemeida
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud ElHefnawi
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemoinformatics Group, Informatics and Systems Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. .,Center of Informatics, Nile university, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, Egypt.
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Abstract
Amplification and concomitant overexpression of the MYCN oncogene is a frequent event in many malignancies including the childhood tumors, neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. MYCN is only expressed in a defined time frame during early developmental processes, (1) which is beneficial for approaches combatting tumor-specific MYCN. However, MYCN is a transcription factors that was considered a poor drug target, until recent approaches suggested that down-regulation of MYCN could be possible by indirect targeting using Aurora kinase inhibitors or BET inhibitors. These concepts were proven using preclinical models (2-6) and are now entering clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schramm
- a Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Holger Lode
- b Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
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Druzhinin V, Bakanova M, Fucic A, Golovina T, Savchenko Y, Sinitsky M, Volobaev V. Lymphocytes with multiple chromosomal damages in a large cohort of West Siberia residents: Results of long-term monitoring. Mutat Res 2016; 784-785:1-7. [PMID: 26731314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells with specific multiple chromosome aberrations, defined as rogue cells (RC) have been described in different populations, predominantly those exposed to radiation. The frequency, etiology and related health risks have still not been elucidated due to their low frequency of occurrences and rarely performed studies. This study reports RC frequency using chromosome aberration (CA) assay in peripheral lymphocytes in the group of 3242 subjects, during a 30-year long follow-up study in a general rural and urban population, children environmentally exposed to radon, occupationally exposed population and lung cancer patients from the Kemerovo region (Siberia, Russian Federation). Results show that the highest RC frequency was present in children environmentally exposed to radon and the lowest in the general urban population. Total frequency of CA did not correlate with frequency of RC. Genotoxic analysis of air and water samples excluded anthropogenic pollution as a possible cause of genome damage and RC frequency. In 85% of RCs, double minutes, observed in a large number of human tumors, were present. Results of CA analysis suggested that radon and its decay products (alpha-emitters) were the leading factors causing RC in subjects exposed to high LET radiation. Thus, RC may be a candidate biomarker for exposure to this type of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Druzhinin
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russia; Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Bakanova
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Yana Savchenko
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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Sala A. Editorial: Targeting MYCN in Pediatric Cancers. Front Oncol 2014; 4:330. [PMID: 26029658 PMCID: PMC4429566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sala
- Brunel Institute of Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London , London , UK
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12
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Li X, Gao J, Yang Y, Fang H, Han Y, Wang X, Ge W. Nanomaterials in the application of tumor vaccines: advantages and disadvantages. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:629-34. [PMID: 23776336 PMCID: PMC3681402 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s41902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccines are a novel approach to the treatment of malignancy, and are attracting the attention of the medical profession. Nanomaterials have significant advantages in the preparation of a tumor vaccine, including their ability to penetrate and target cancer tissue and their antigenic properties. In this review, we focus on several nanomaterials, ie, carbon nanotubes, nanoemulsions, nanosized aluminum, and nanochitosan. Applications for these nanomaterials in nanovaccines and their biological characteristics, as well as their potential toxicity, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xd Li
- Department of Equipment, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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