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Park HR, Lee JH, Ji HJ, Lim S, Ahn KB, Seo HS. Radioprotection of deinococcal exopolysaccharide BRD125 by regenerating hematopoietic stem cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898185. [PMID: 36226052 PMCID: PMC9549790 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a substantial need for the development of biomaterials for protecting hematopoietic stem cells and enhancing hematopoiesis after radiation damage. Bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) has been shown to be very attractive to researchers as a radioprotectant owing to its high antioxidant, anti-cancer, and limited adverse effects. In the present study, we isolated EPS from a novel strain, Deinococcus radiodurans BRD125, which produces EPS in high abundance, and investigated its applicability as a radioprotective biomaterial. We found that EPS isolated from EPS-rich D. radiodurans BRD125 (DeinoPol-BRD125) had an excellent free-radical scavenging effect and reduced irradiation-induced apoptosis. In addition, bone-marrow and spleen-cell apoptosis in irradiated mice were significantly reduced by DeinoPol-BRD125 administration. DeinoPol-BRD125 enhanced the expression of hematopoiesis-related cytokines such as GM-CSF, G-GSF, M-CSF, and SCF, thereby enhancing hematopoietic stem cells protection and regeneration. Taken together, our findings are the first to report the immunological mechanism of a novel radioprotectant, DeinoPol-BRD125, which might constitute an ideal radioprotective and radiation mitigating agent as a supplement drug during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ran Park
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ho Seong Seo, ; Hae Ran Park,
| | - Ji Hee Lee
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Division of Pathogen Resource Management, Center for Public Vaccine Development Support, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health (NIH), Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ho Seong Seo, ; Hae Ran Park,
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2
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Kumar K, Datta K, Fornace AJ, Suman S. Total body proton and heavy-ion irradiation causes cellular senescence and promotes pro-osteoclastogenic activity in mouse bone marrow. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08691. [PMID: 35028468 PMCID: PMC8741516 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-LET photon radiation-induced persistent alterations in bone marrow (BM) cells are well documented in total-body irradiated (TBI) rodents and also among radiotherapy patients. However, the late effects of protons and high-LET heavy-ion radiation on BM cells and its implications in osteoclastogenesis are not fully understood. Therefore, C57BL6/J female mice (8 weeks; n = 10/group) were irradiated to sham, and 1 Gy of the proton (0.22 keV/μm), or high-LET 56Fe-ions (148 keV/μm) and at 60 d post-exposure, mice were sacrificed and femur sections were obtained for histological, cellular and molecular analysis. Cell proliferation (PCNA), cell death (active caspase-3), senescence (p16), osteoclast (RANK), osteoblast (OPG), osteoblast progenitor (c-Kit), and osteoclastogenesis-associated secretory factors (like RANKL) were assessed using immunostaining. While no change in cell proliferation and apoptosis between control and irradiated groups was noted, the number of BM megakaryocytes was significantly reduced in irradiated mice at 60 d post-exposure. A remarkable increase in p16 positive cells indicated a persistent increase in cell senescence, whereas increased RANKL/OPG ratio, reductions in the number of osteoblast progenitor cells, and osteocalcin provided clear evidence that exposure to both proton and 56Fe-ions promotes pro-osteoclastogenic activity in BM. Among irradiated groups, 56Fe-induced alterations in the BM cellularity and osteoclastogenesis were significantly greater than the protons that demonstrated a radiation quality-dependent effect. This study has implications in understanding the role of IR-induced late changes in the BM cells and its involvement in bone degeneration among deep-space astronauts, and also in patients undergoing proton or heavy-ion radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamendra Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Corresponding author.
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3
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The Influence of Radiation on Bone and Bone Cells-Differential Effects on Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176377. [PMID: 32887421 PMCID: PMC7504528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone is a complex organ that is dependent on a tight regulation between bone formation by osteoblasts (OBs) and bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). These processes can be influenced by environmental factors such as ionizing radiation (IR). In cancer therapy, IR is applied in high doses, leading to detrimental effects on bone, whereas radiation therapy with low doses of IR is applied for chronic degenerative and inflammatory diseases, with a positive impact especially on bone homeostasis. Moreover, the effects of IR are of particular interest in space travel, as astronauts suffer from bone loss due to space radiation and microgravity. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the effects of IR on bone with a special focus on the influence on OCs and OBs, as these cells are essential in bone remodeling. In addition, the influence of IR on the bone microenvironment is discussed. In summary, the effects of IR on bone and bone remodeling cells strongly depend on the applied radiation dose, as differential results are provided from in vivo as well as in vitro studies with varying doses of IR. Furthermore, the isolated effects of IR on a single cell type are difficult to determine, as the bone cells and bone microenvironment are building a tightly regulated network, influencing on one another. Therefore, future research is necessary in order to elucidate the influence of different bone cells on the overall radiation-induced effects on bone.
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4
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Chandra A, Lagnado AB, Farr JN, Monroe DG, Park S, Hachfeld C, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Khosla S, Passos JF, Pignolo RJ. Targeted Reduction of Senescent Cell Burden Alleviates Focal Radiotherapy-Related Bone Loss. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1119-1131. [PMID: 32023351 PMCID: PMC7357625 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical radiotherapy treats life-threatening cancers, but the radiation often affects neighboring normal tissues including bone. Acute effects of ionizing radiation include oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cellular apoptosis. We show in this study that a large proportion of bone marrow cells, osteoblasts, and matrix-embedded osteocytes recover from these insults only to attain a senescent profile. Bone analyses of senescence-associated genes, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and presence of telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIF) at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 42 days post-focal radiation treatment (FRT) in C57BL/6 male mice confirmed the development of senescent cells and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Accumulation of senescent cells and SASP markers were correlated with a significant reduction in bone architecture at 42 days post-FRT. To test if senolytic drugs, which clear senescent cells, alleviate FRT-related bone damage, we administered the senolytic agents, dasatinib (D), quercetin (Q), fisetin (F), and a cocktail of D and Q (D+Q). We found moderate alleviation of radiation-induced bone damage with D and Q as stand-alone compounds, but no such improvement was seen with F. However, the senolytic cocktail of D+Q reduced senescent cell burden as assessed by TIF+ osteoblasts and osteocytes, markers of senescence (p16 Ink4a and p21), and key SASP factors, resulting in significant recovery in the bone architecture of radiated femurs. In summary, this study provides proof of concept that senescent cells play a role in radiotherapy-associated bone damage, and that reduction in senescent cell burden by senolytic agents is a potential therapeutic option for alleviating radiotherapy-related bone deterioration. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chandra
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anthony B Lagnado
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sean Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christine Hachfeld
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - João F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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5
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Vieira CLZ, Garshick E, Alvares D, Schwartz J, Huang S, Vokonas P, Gold DR, Koutrakis P. Association between ambient beta particle radioactivity and lower hemoglobin concentrations in a cohort of elderly men. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105735. [PMID: 32304940 PMCID: PMC7285998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although ionizing radiation is known to have detrimental effects on red blood cells, the effect of environmental radioactivity associated with ambient particulate matter (PM) is unknown. We hypothesized that exposure to ambient PM-associated beta particle radioactivity (PRβ) would be associated with a lower hemoglobin concentration. We studied 1.704 participants from the Normative Aging Study (NAS) over 36 years (1981-2017) who lived in Eastern, MA and the surrounding area. Exposures to PRβ was assessed using USEPA's RadNet monitoring network that measures gross beta radiation associated with ambient PM. Mixed effect models with a random intercept adjusting for potential confounders was used, including ambient black carbon (BC) and particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) concentrations. Greater cumulative PRβ activities at 7-, 14-, 21- and 28-days before the hemoglobin determination were associated with lower hemoglobin concentrations. The greatest effect was for a 28-day moving average. An IQR of 0.83 × 10-4 Bq/m3 of ambient PRβ was associated with a 0.12 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin concentration (95%CI: -0.18 to -0.05). The effects of PRβ were similar when the models were adjusted for ambient BC or PM2.5. This is the first study to demonstrate an association between environmental ionizing radiation released from particulate matter with a lower hemoglobin concentration, suggesting that ambient radiation may contribute to the development of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L Z Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danilo Alvares
- Department of Statistics, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaodan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Soares PBF, Soares CJ, Limirio PHJO, de Jesus RNR, Dechichi P, Spin-Neto R, Zanetta-Barbosa D. Effect of ionizing radiation after-therapy interval on bone: histomorphometric and biomechanical characteristics. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2785-2793. [PMID: 30368663 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy on biomechanical, histomorphometric, and microstructural characteristics of bone, in diverse periods, compared with intact bone tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen adult male New Zealand rabbits were treated with a single radiation dose of 30 Gy. The animals were randomly divided into six groups: NoIr, control group, no radiation, and five irradiated groups sacrificed after 24 h (Ir24h), 7 (Ir7d), 14 (Ir14d), 21 (Ir21d), and 28 (Ir28d) days. After these periods, the animals were sacrificed and their tibias (n = 6) evaluated using three-point bending test to calculate the ultimate force, work to failure, and bone stiffness. Dynamic indentation test was used to quantify Vickers hardness and elasticity modulus of bone tissue. Micro-CT was used to analyze the cortical volume (CtV), cortical thickness (CtTh), and porosity (Ct.Po). Histomorphometric assessment was based on the lacunarity of bone tissue. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Tukey, Dunnet, and Dunn's post-tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS The ultimate force, work to failure, stiffness, elastic modulus, and Vickers hardness values of irradiated bone were significantly lower that non-irradiated bone. Irradiated bone showed significantly lower CtTh and CtV values and higher CtPo than non-irradiated bone. No significant difference was found for lacunarity between non-irradiated bone and irradiated bone. CONCLUSIONS Ionizing radiation decreases normal anisotropy on microarchitecture of cortical bone, and increases bone fragility compared with non-irradiated bone. Further, these changes were seen after longer periods (e.g., 14 and 21 days), and not immediately after radiation therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The radiotherapy reduces bone mechanical properties and the normal structure of organic and inorganic bone matrix. For studying the protocols to protect the radiotherapy effect using rabbit model, the use of the sacrificing period between 14 and 21 days is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Justino Oliveira Limirio
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Rainde Naiara Rezende de Jesus
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4T, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Paula Dechichi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2B, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Department of Oral Radiology, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, Building 1613, 130, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4T, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
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7
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Wang B, Tanaka K, Ninomiya Y, Maruyama K, Varès G, Katsube T, Murakami M, Liu C, Fujimori A, Fujita K, Liu Q, Eguchi-Kasai K, Nenoi M. Increased Hematopoietic Stem Cells/Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Measured as Endogenous Spleen Colonies in Radiation-Induced Adaptive Response in Mice (Yonezawa Effect). Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818790152. [PMID: 30150909 PMCID: PMC6104214 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818790152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of radiation-induced adaptive response (AR) was reported in varied
biosystems. In mice, the first in vivo AR model was established using X-rays as
both the priming and the challenge doses and rescue of bone marrow death as the
end point. The underlying mechanism was due to the priming radiation-induced
resistance in the blood-forming tissues. In a series of investigations, we
further demonstrated the existence of AR using different types of ionizing
radiation (IR) including low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high LET
heavy ion. In this article, we validated hematopoietic stem cells/hematopoietic
progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs) measured as endogenous colony-forming units-spleen
(CFU-S) under AR inducible and uninducible conditions using combination of
different types of IR. We confirmed the consistency of increased CFU-S number
change with the AR inducible condition. These findings suggest that AR in mice
induced by different types of IR would share at least in part a common
underlying mechanism, the priming IR-induced resistance in the blood-forming
tissues, which would lead to a protective effect on the HSCs/HPCs and play an
important role in rescuing the animals from bone marrow death. These findings
provide a new insight into the mechanistic study on AR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouichi Maruyama
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Cuihua Liu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiyomi Eguchi-Kasai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Patel R, Qing Y, Kennedy L, Yan Y, Pink J, Aguila B, Desai A, Gerson SL, Welford SM. MMR Deficiency Does Not Sensitize or Compromise the Function of Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Low and High LET Radiation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:513-520. [PMID: 29656536 PMCID: PMC6052615 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major health concerns on long-duration space missions will be radiation exposure to the astronauts. Outside the earth's magnetosphere, astronauts will be exposed to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events that are principally composed of protons and He, Ca, O, Ne, Si, Ca, and Fe nuclei. Protons are by far the most common species, but the higher atomic number particles are thought to be more damaging to biological systems. Evaluation and amelioration of risks from GCR exposure will be important for deep space travel. The hematopoietic system is one of the most radiation-sensitive organ systems, and is highly dependent on functional DNA repair pathways for survival. Recent results from our group have demonstrated an acquired deficiency in mismatch repair (MMR) in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with age due to functional loss of the MLH1 protein, suggesting an additional risk to astronauts who may have significant numbers of MMR deficient HSCs at the time of space travel. In the present study, we investigated the effects gamma radiation, proton radiation, and 56 Fe radiation on HSC function in Mlh1+/+ and Mlh1-/- marrow from mice in a variety of assays and have determined that while cosmic radiation is a major risk to the hematopoietic system, there is no dependence on MMR capacity. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:513-520.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulan Qing
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucy Kennedy
- Unit for Laboratory and Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John Pink
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brittany Aguila
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amar Desai
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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9
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Wu A, Nie J, Pei H, Hu W, Wang B, Shang P, Li B, Zhou G. Differences in responses to X-ray exposure between osteoclast and osteoblast cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:791-802. [PMID: 28541506 PMCID: PMC5710662 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bone loss is a potential health concern for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Enhanced bone resorption by osteoclasts and decreased bone formation by osteoblasts were thought to be the main reasons. In this study, we showed that both pre-differentiating and differentiating osteoclasts were relatively sensitive to X-rays compared with osteoblasts. X-rays decreased cell viability to a greater degree in RAW264.7 cells and in differentiating cells than than in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. X-rays at up to 8 Gy had little effects on osteoblast mineralization. In contrast, X-rays at 1 Gy induced enhanced osteoclastogenesis by enhanced cell fusion, but had no effects on bone resorption. A higher dose of X-rays at 8 Gy, however, had an inhibitory effect on bone resorption. In addition, actin ring formation was disrupted by 8 Gy of X-rays and reorganized into clusters. An increased activity of Caspase 3 was found after X-ray exposure. Actin disorganization and increased apoptosis may be the potential effects of X-rays at high doses, by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our data indicate high radiosensitivity of osteoclasts. X-ray irradiation at relatively low doses can activate osteoclastogenesis, but not osteogenic differentiation. The radiosensitive osteoclasts are the potentially responsive cells for X-ray-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Anqing Wu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Nie
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hailong Pei
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-555, Japan
| | - Peng Shang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China. Tel: +86-512-6588-4829; Fax: +86-512-6588-4830;
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Diegeler S, Hellweg CE. Intercellular Communication of Tumor Cells and Immune Cells after Exposure to Different Ionizing Radiation Qualities. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28638385 PMCID: PMC5461334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can affect the immune system in many ways. Depending on the situation, the whole body or parts of the body can be acutely or chronically exposed to different radiation qualities. In tumor radiotherapy, a fractionated exposure of the tumor (and surrounding tissues) is applied to kill the tumor cells. Currently, mostly photons, and also electrons, neutrons, protons, and heavier particles such as carbon ions, are used in radiotherapy. Tumor elimination can be supported by an effective immune response. In recent years, much progress has been achieved in the understanding of basic interactions between the irradiated tumor and the immune system. Here, direct and indirect effects of radiation on immune cells have to be considered. Lymphocytes for example are known to be highly radiosensitive. One important factor in indirect interactions is the radiation-induced bystander effect which can be initiated in unexposed cells by expression of cytokines of the irradiated cells and by direct exchange of molecules via gap junctions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the indirect effects observed after exposure to different radiation qualities. The different immune cell populations important for the tumor immune response are natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the modulation of their functions due to ionizing radiation exposure of tumor cells. After radiation exposure, cytokines are produced by exposed tumor and immune cells and a modulated expression profile has also been observed in bystander immune cells. Release of damage-associated molecular patterns by irradiated tumor cells is another factor in immune activation. In conclusion, both immune-activating and -suppressing effects can occur. Enhancing or inhibiting these effects, respectively, could contribute to modified tumor cell killing after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Diegeler
- Division of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Köln, Germany
| | - Christine E Hellweg
- Division of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Köln, Germany
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