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Jadhav T, Madakshira MG, Garud S. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix in an adult female. Autops Case Rep 2023; 13:e2023419. [PMID: 36777814 PMCID: PMC9910305 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2023.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the female genital tract is an uncommon malignancy, presenting mainly in the pediatric and adolescent populations, primarily affecting the first two decades of life. This malignancy presentation in adulthood is rare and is seldom seen. The incidence of this tumor affecting adult females is approximately 0.4 - 1%, with the common site being the vagina. This tumor infrequently involves the cervix. RMS has a poor survival rate and once diagnosed, it requires aggressive management by radical surgery accompanied by chemoradiation. We present a case of an anaplastic variant of embryonal RMS of the uterine cervix presenting as a cervical polyp in a 36-year-old female who complained of dyspareunia and post-coital bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyaja Jadhav
- 12 Airforce HospitalDepartment of Laboratory SciencesGorakhpurUttar PradeshIndia12 Airforce Hospital, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Gopal Madakshira
- Command HospitalDepartment of Pathology LucknowUttar PradeshIndiaCommand Hospital, Department of Pathology Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil Garud
- 12 Airforce HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGorakhpurUttar PradeshIndia12 Airforce Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Liu P, Dai S, Mi T, Tang G, Wang Z, Wang H, Du H, Tang Y, Teng Z, Liu C. Acetate supplementation restores cognitive deficits caused by ARID1A haploinsufficiency in excitatory neurons. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15795. [PMID: 36385502 PMCID: PMC9728054 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) cause Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), a rare genetic disorder that results in mild to severe intellectual disabilities. However, the biological role of ARID1A in the brain remains unclear. In this study, we report that the haploinsufficiency of ARID1A in excitatory neurons causes cognitive impairment and defects in hippocampal synaptic transmission and dendritic morphology in mice. Similarly, human embryonic stem cell-derived excitatory neurons with deleted ARID1A exhibit fewer dendritic branches and spines, and abnormal electrophysiological activity. Importantly, supplementation of acetate, an epigenetic metabolite, can ameliorate the morphological and electrophysiological deficits observed in mice with Arid1a haploinsufficiency, as well as in ARID1A-null human excitatory neurons. Mechanistically, transcriptomic and ChIP-seq analyses demonstrate that acetate supplementation can increase the levels of H3K27 acetylation at the promoters of key regulatory genes associated with neural development and synaptic transmission. Collectively, these findings support the essential roles of ARID1A in the excitatory neurons and cognition and suggest that acetate supplementation could be a potential therapeutic intervention for CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Shang‐Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,School of Life Sciences and MedicineShandong University of TechnologyZiboChina
| | - Ting‐Wei Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gang‐Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhao‐Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Chang‐Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
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3
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Gasparini P, Casanova M, Centonze G, Borzi C, Bergamaschi L, Collini P, Testi A, Chiaravalli S, Massimino M, Sozzi G, Ferrari A, Moro M. Establishment of 6 pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma patient’s derived xenograft models closely recapitulating patients’ tumor characteristics. TUMORI JOURNAL 2022:3008916221110266. [PMID: 36114629 DOI: 10.1177/03008916221110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The prognosis for patients with metastatic and recurrent pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) remains poor. The availability of preclinical models is essential to identify promising treatments We established a series of pediatric RMS patient derived xenografts (PDXs), all faithfully mirroring primary tumor characteristics and representing a unique tool for clarifying the biological processes underlying RMS progression and relapse. Methods: Fresh tumor samples from 12 RMS patients were implanted subcutaneously in both flanks of immunocompromised mice. PDXs were considered as grafted after accomplishing three passages in mice. Characterization of tumor tissues and models was performed by comparing both morphology and immunoistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) characteristics. Results: Six PDXs were established, with a successful take rate of 50%. All models closely mirrored parental tumor characteristics. An increased grafting rate for tumors derived from patients with worse outcome (p = 0.006) was detected. For 50% PDXs grafting occurred when the corresponding patient was still alive. Conclusion: Our findings increase the number of available RMS PDX models and strengthen the role of PDXs as useful preclinical tools for patients with unmet medical needs and to develop personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gasparini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Casanova
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- First Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Borzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Collini
- Soft Tissue and Bone Pathology, Histopathology and Pediatric Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Testi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Chiaravalli
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Massimino
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Moro
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Khatri A, Mahajan N, Senger M, Khan NA. Anaplastic Rhabdomyosarcoma of Upper Lip in a 3-Year-Old Girl. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2022; 27:644-647. [PMID: 36530822 PMCID: PMC9757796 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_242_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive malignant striated muscle neoplasm commonly seen in children involving orbit, paranasal sinuses, cheek, tongue, and rarely upper lip. The anaplastic subtype is further rare and associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we report a 3-year-old female with this uncommon variant at an uncommon site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Khatri
- Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Mahajan
- Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Senger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
| | - Niyaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
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MEK and MCL-1 sequential inhibition synergize to enhance rhabdomyosarcoma treatment. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:172. [PMID: 35393436 PMCID: PMC8989976 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Targeted agents have emerged as promising molecules for cancer treatment, but most of them fail to achieve complete tumor regression or attain durable remissions due to tumor adaptations. We used dynamic BH3 profiling to identify targeted agents effectiveness and anti-apoptotic adaptations upon targeted treatment in rhabdomyosarcoma. We focused on studying the use of BH3 mimetics to specifically inhibit pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins, overwhelm resistance to therapy and prevent relapse. We observed that the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib rapidly depleted the pro-apoptotic protein NOXA, thus increasing MCL-1 availability. Indeed, we found that the MCL-1 inhibitor S63845 synergistically enhanced trametinib cytotoxicity in rhabdomyosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the combination of a BH3 mimetic targeting MCL-1 with trametinib improves efficiency on rhabdomyosarcoma by blocking tumor adaptation to treatment.
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Tripathy TP, Patidar Y, Chandel K, Varadarajan A, Sood V, Thapar Laroia S. Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Biliary Tree as a Differential in a Paediatric Patient Presenting with Biliary Dilatation: Not Always a Choledochal Cyst. Acta Med Litu 2022; 29:112-117. [PMID: 36061928 PMCID: PMC9428640 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2021.29.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft tissue malignant musculoskeletal tumour and is the most prevalent soft-tissue sarcoma in the paediatric population. Although, Embryonal RMS of the biliary tree is a rare entity, however, it is the most common cause of paediatric malignant obstructive jaundice. We present a 4-year-old child who had symptoms of obstructive jaundice and palpable liver. The non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) features were consistent with choledochal cyst. However, contrast enhanced computed tomography and PET CT images revealed biliary RMS as the differential diagnosis. Percutaneous biopsy followed by histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of embryonal biliary RMS. Since embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is uncommonly recorded in the literature and can mimic the appearance of a choledochal cyst, this case report emphasises the necessity of keeping embryonal RMS as a differential in paediatric cases of obstructive jaundice.
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Mankuzhy NP, Anderson B, Kumar C, Heider A, Koschmamn C, Mody RJ. BCOR Alterations in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Sarcomas and High-Grade Glial Malignancies: A Case Series. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-8. [DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil P. Mankuzhy
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Abstract
BCOR is a gene that encodes for an epigenetic regulator involved in the specification of cell differentiation and body structure development and takes part in the noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1. This review provides a comprehensive summary of BCOR’s involvement in oncology, illustrating that various BCOR aberrations, such as the internal tandem duplications of the PCGF Ub-like fold discriminator domain and different gene fusions (mainly BCOR–CCNB3, BCOR–MAML3 and ZC3H7B–BCOR), represent driver elements of various sarcomas such as clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, primitive mesenchymal myxoid tumor of infancy, small round blue cell sarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma and histologically heterogeneous CNS neoplasms group with similar genomic methylation patterns known as CNS-HGNET-BCOR. Furthermore, other BCOR alterations (often loss of function mutations) recur in a large variety of mesenchymal, epithelial, neural and hematological tumors, suggesting a central role in cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Astolfi
- 'Giorgio Prodi' Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Fiore
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fraia Melchionda
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- 'Giorgio Prodi' Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore N Bertuccio
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Wilms tumour is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. The disease is curable in the majority of cases, albeit at considerable cost in terms of late treatment-related effects in some children. However, one in ten children with Wilms tumour will die of their disease despite modern treatment approaches. The genetic changes that underpin Wilms tumour have been defined by studies of familial cases and by unbiased DNA sequencing of tumour genomes. Together, these approaches have defined the landscape of cancer genes that are operative in Wilms tumour, many of which are intricately linked to the control of fetal nephrogenesis. Advances in our understanding of the germline and somatic genetic changes that underlie Wilms tumour may translate into better patient outcomes. Improvements in risk stratification have already been seen through the introduction of molecular biomarkers into clinical practice. A host of additional biomarkers are due to undergo clinical validation. Identifying actionable mutations has led to potential new targets, with some novel compounds undergoing testing in early phase trials. Avenues that warrant further exploration include targeting Wilms tumour cancer genes with a non-redundant role in nephrogenesis and targeting the fetal renal transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Dora Treger
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tanzina Chowdhury
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Pal A, Chiu HY, Taneja R. Genetics, epigenetics and redox homeostasis in rhabdomyosarcoma: Emerging targets and therapeutics. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101124. [PMID: 30709791 PMCID: PMC6859585 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma accounting for 5–8% of malignant tumours in children and adolescents. Children with high risk disease have poor prognosis. Anti-RMS therapies include surgery, radiation and combination chemotherapy. While these strategies improved survival rates, they have plateaued since 1990s as drugs that target differentiation and self-renewal of tumours cells have not been identified. Moreover, prevailing treatments are aggressive with drug resistance and metastasis causing failure of several treatment regimes. Significant advances have been made recently in understanding the genetic and epigenetic landscape in RMS. These studies have identified novel diagnostic and prognostic markers and opened new avenues for treatment. An important target identified in high throughput drug screening studies is reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indeed, many drugs in clinical trials for RMS impact tumour progression through ROS. In light of such emerging evidence, we discuss recent findings highlighting key pathways, epigenetic alterations and their impacts on ROS that form the basis of developing novel molecularly targeted therapies in RMS. Such targeted therapies in combination with conventional therapy could reduce adverse side effects in young survivors and lead to a decline in long-term morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Pal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Hsin Yao Chiu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
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Mathew D, de Lima H, Mahomed N. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree in a paediatric patient – A rare cause of obstructive jaundice. SA J Radiol 2019; 23:1662. [PMID: 31754524 PMCID: PMC6837790 DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in the paediatric age group, ranking fourth in frequency after central nervous system tumours, neuroblastomas and nephroblastomas. Embryonal RMS of the biliary tree is considered a rare entity, with the most common clinical presentation being that of obstructive jaundice. We present the case of a 4-year-old boy who presented with hepatomegaly and obstructive jaundice. Biochemically, there was evidence of elevated ductal enzymes with conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features were consistent with a biliary RMS with the differential diagnosis of a choledochal cyst initially included based on the computed tomography images. The diagnosis of embryonal biliary RMS was later confirmed on histology. This case illustrates the importance of considering malignant aetiologies in paediatric cases of obstructive jaundice, as this entity is infrequently described in the literature and may mimic the appearance of a choledochal cyst. The demonstration of enhancement of intraductal material within the biliary tree on MRI and the presence of arterial waveforms within the intraductal mass on ultrasound assists in the differentiation between biliary RMS and a choledochal cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Mathew
- Department of Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Heliodora de Lima
- Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nasreen Mahomed
- Department of Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
- Department of Radiology, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African Society of Paediatric Imaging, Cresta, South Africa
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