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Preetam S, Mondal S, Priya S, Bora J, Ramniwas S, Rustagi S, Qusty NF, Alghamdi S, Babalghith AO, Siddiqi A, Malik S. Targeting tumour markers in ovarian cancer treatment. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119687. [PMID: 38663473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OC) are the most common, lethal, and stage-dependent cancers at the global level, specifically in female patients. Targeted therapies involve the administration of drugs that specifically target the alterations in tumour cells responsible for their growth, proliferation, and metastasis, with the aim of treating particular patients. Presently, within the realm of gynaecological malignancies, specifically in breast and OCs, there exist various prospective therapeutic targets encompassing tumour-intrinsic signalling pathways, angiogenesis, homologous-recombination deficit, hormone receptors, and immunologic components. Breast cancers are often detected in advanced stages, primarily due to the lack of a reliable screening method. However, various tumour markers have been extensively researched and employed to evaluate the condition, progression, and effectiveness of medication treatments for this ailment. The emergence of recent technological advancements in the domains of bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has facilitated the exploration and identification of hitherto unknown biomarkers. The primary objective of this comprehensive review is to meticulously investigate and analyze both established and emerging methodologies employed in the identification of tumour markers associated with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Preetam
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea.
| | - Sagar Mondal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India.
| | - Swati Priya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India.
| | - Jutishna Bora
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India.
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Center for Research and Development, Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India.
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, 248007 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Naeem F Qusty
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Siddiqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Makkah Park Clinics, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India.
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2
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Kluz-Barłowska M, Kluz T, Paja W, Pancerz K, Łączyńska-Madera M, Miziak P, Cebulski J, Depciuch J. FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopy as a tools showing marker of platinum-resistant phenomena in women suffering from ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11025. [PMID: 38744861 PMCID: PMC11094164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant phenomena in ovarian cancer is very dangerous for women suffering from this disease, because reduces the chances of complete recovery. Unfortunately, until now there are no methods to verify whether a woman with ovarian cancer is platinum-resistant. Importantly, histopathology images also were not shown differences in the ovarian cancer between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive tissues. Therefore, in this study, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to find chemical differences between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer tissues. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and machine learning methods were performed to show if it possible to differentiate these two kind of tissues as well as to propose spectroscopy marker of platinum-resistant. Indeed, obtained results showed, that in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer tissues higher amount of phospholipids, proteins and lipids were visible, however when the ratio between intensities of peaks at 1637 cm-1 (FTIR) and at 2944 cm-1 (Raman) and every peaks in spectra was calculated, difference between groups of samples were not noticed. Moreover, structural changes visible as a shift of peaks were noticed for C-O-C, C-H bending and amide II bonds. PCA clearly showed, that PC1 can be used to differentiate platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer tissues, while two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectra (2T2D-COS) showed, that only in amide II, amide I and asymmetric CH lipids vibrations correlation between two analyzed types of tissues were noticed. Finally, machine learning algorithms showed, that values of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were near to 100% for FTIR and around 95% for FT-Raman spectroscopy. Using decision tree peaks at 1777 cm-1, 2974 cm-1 (FTIR) and 1714 cm-1, 2817 cm-1 (FT-Raman) were proposed as spectroscopy marker of platinum-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kluz-Barłowska
- Department of Pathology, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, F. Szopena 2, 35-055, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, F. Szopena 2, 35-055, Rzeszow, Poland
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Wiesław Paja
- Institute of Computer Science, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pancerz
- Institute of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Łączyńska-Madera
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, F. Szopena 2, 35-055, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Paulina Miziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jozef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31342, Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Jo A, Green A, Medina JE, Iyer S, Ohman AW, McCarthy ET, Reinhardt F, Gerton T, Demehin D, Mishra R, Kolin DL, Zheng H, Cheon J, Crum CP, Weinberg RA, Rueda BR, Castro CM, Dinulescu DM, Lee H. Inaugurating High-Throughput Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for Earlier Ovarian Cancer Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301930. [PMID: 37485618 PMCID: PMC10520636 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Detecting early cancer through liquid biopsy is challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers for early lesions and potentially low levels of these markers. The current study systematically develops an extracellular-vesicle (EV)-based test for early detection, specifically focusing on high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). The marker selection is based on emerging insights into HGSOC pathogenesis, notably that it arises from precursor lesions within the fallopian tube. This work thus establishes murine fallopian tube (mFT) cells with oncogenic mutations and performs proteomic analyses on mFT-derived EVs. The identified markers are then evaluated with an orthotopic HGSOC animal model. In serially-drawn blood of tumor-bearing mice, mFT-EV markers increase with tumor initiation, supporting their potential use in early cancer detection. A pilot clinical study (n = 51) further narrows EV markers to five candidates, EpCAM, CD24, VCAN, HE4, and TNC. The combined expression of these markers distinguishes HGSOC from non-cancer with 89% sensitivity and 93% specificity. The same markers are also effective in classifying three groups (non-cancer, early-stage HGSOC, and late-stage HGSOC). The developed approach, for the first time inaugurated in fallopian tube-derived EVs, could be a minimally invasive tool to monitor women at high risk of ovarian cancer for timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Jo
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Center for NanomedicineInstitute for Basic ScienceSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Allen Green
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jamie E. Medina
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Sonia Iyer
- Whitehead InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Anders W. Ohman
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Eric T. McCarthy
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Ferenc Reinhardt
- Whitehead InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Thomas Gerton
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Daniel Demehin
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Ranjan Mishra
- Whitehead InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - David L. Kolin
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Biostatistics CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for NanomedicineInstitute for Basic ScienceSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher P. Crum
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Robert A. Weinberg
- Whitehead InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Division of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Cesar M. Castro
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Daniela M. Dinulescu
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Center for NanomedicineInstitute for Basic ScienceSeoul03722Republic of Korea
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4
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Sundarrajan S, Venkatesan A, Kumar S U, Gopikrishnan M, Tayubi IA, Aditya M, Siddaiah GB, George Priya Doss C, Zayed H. Exome sequence analysis of rare frequency variants in Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2025-2036. [PMID: 37162726 PMCID: PMC10348954 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in elderly patients who continue to live between 3 and 11 years of diagnosis. A steep rise in AD incidents is observed in the elderly population in East-Asian countries. The disease progresses through several changes, including memory loss, behavioural issues, and cognitive impairment. The etiology of AD is hard to determine because of its complex nature. The whole exome sequences of late-onset AD (LOAD) patients of Korean origin are investigated to identify rare genetic variants that may influence the complex disorder. Computational annotation was performed to assess the function of candidate variants in LOAD. The in silico pathogenicity prediction tools such as SIFT, Polyphen-2, Mutation Taster, CADD, LRT, PROVEAN, DANN, VEST3, fathmm-MKL, GERP + + , SiPhy, phastCons, and phyloP identified around 17 genes harbouring deleterious variants. The variants in the ALDH3A2 and RAD54B genes were pathogenic, while in 15 other genes were predicted to be variants of unknown significance. These variants can be potential risk candidates contributing to AD. In silico computational techniques such as molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and steered molecular dynamics were carried out to understand the structural insights of RAD54B with ATP. The simulation of mutant (T459N) RAD54B with ATP revealed reduced binding strength of ATP at its binding site. In addition, lower binding free energy was observed when compared to the wild-type RAD54B. Our study shows that the identified uncommon variants are linked to AD and could be probable predisposing genetic factors of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthi Venkatesan
- BIOVIA Specialist, VIAS 3D, MG Road, Bengaluru, 560001, Karnataka, India
| | - Udhaya Kumar S
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Mohanraj Gopikrishnan
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Iftikhar Aslam Tayubi
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aditya
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, 572103, India
| | | | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Anastasi E, Farina A, Granato T, Colaiacovo F, Pucci B, Tartaglione S, Angeloni A. Recent Insight about HE4 Role in Ovarian Cancer Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10479. [PMID: 37445657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, ovarian cancer (OC) is a target of intense biomarkers research because of its frequent late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Serum determination of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a very important early detection test. Most interestingly, HE4 plays a unique role in OC as it has been implicated not only in OC diagnosis but also in the prognosis and recurrence of this lethal neoplasm, actually acting as a clinical biomarker. There are several evidence about the predictive power of HE4 clinically, conversely less has been described concerning its role in OC oncogenesis. Based on these considerations, the main goal of this review is to clarify the role of HE4 in OC proliferation, angiogenesis, metastatization, immune response and also in the development of targeted therapy. Through a deeper understanding of its functions as a key molecule in the oncogenetic processes underlying OC, HE4 could be possibly considered as an essential resource not only for diagnosis but also for prognosis and therapy choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Anastasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Farina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Granato
- CNR-IBPM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Colaiacovo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Tartaglione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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6
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Liu H, Ma S, Chen X, Wu H, Wang R, Du M, Nie X. Diagnostic accuracy of the Copenhagen Index in ovarian malignancy: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286650. [PMID: 37315054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic value of the Copenhagen index for ovarian malignancy. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched throughout June 2021. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12, Meta-DiSc, and RevMan 5.3. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated, the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn, and the area under the curve was calculated. RESULTS Ten articles, including 11 studies with a total of 5266 patients, were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.82 [95% CI (0.80-0.83)], 0.88 [95% CI (0.87-0.89)], and 57.31 [95% CI (32.84-100.02)], respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristics curve and the Q index were 0.9545 and 0.8966, respectively. CONCLUSION Our systematic review shows that the sensitivity and specificity of the Copenhagen index are high enough for it to be used in a clinical setting to provide accurate ovarian cancer diagnosis without considering menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shouye Ma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huifang Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiazi Nie
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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7
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Sequeira-Antunes B, Ferreira HA. Urinary Biomarkers and Point-of-Care Urinalysis Devices for Early Diagnosis and Management of Disease: A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041051. [PMID: 37189669 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosensing and microfluidics technologies are transforming diagnostic medicine by accurately detecting biomolecules in biological samples. Urine is a promising biological fluid for diagnostics due to its noninvasive collection and wide range of diagnostic biomarkers. Point-of-care urinalysis, which integrates biosensing and microfluidics, has the potential to bring affordable and rapid diagnostics into the home to continuing monitoring, but challenges still remain. As such, this review aims to provide an overview of biomarkers that are or could be used to diagnose and monitor diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, the different materials and techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic structures along with the biosensing technologies often used to detect and quantify biological molecules and organisms are reviewed. Ultimately, this review discusses the current state of point-of-care urinalysis devices and highlights the potential of these technologies to improve patient outcomes. Traditional point-of-care urinalysis devices require the manual collection of urine, which may be unpleasant, cumbersome, or prone to errors. To overcome this issue, the toilet itself can be used as an alternative specimen collection and urinalysis device. This review then presents several smart toilet systems and incorporated sanitary devices for this purpose.
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Sharma T, Nisar S, Masoodi T, Macha MA, Uddin S, Akil AAS, Pandita TK, Singh M, Bhat AA. Current and emerging biomarkers in ovarian cancer diagnosis; CA125 and beyond. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:85-114. [PMID: 36707207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Its five-year survival rates are worse than the two most common gynecological cancers, cervical and endometrial. This is because it is asymptomatic in the early stages and usually detected in the advanced metastasized stage. Thus, survival is increasingly dependent on timely diagnosis. The delay in detection is contributed partly by the occurrence of non-specific clinical symptoms in the early stages and the lack of effective biomarkers and detection approaches. This underlines the need for biomarker identification and clinical validation, enabling earlier diagnosis, effective prognosis, and response to therapy. Apart from the traditional diagnostic biomarkers for OC, several new biomarkers have been delineated using advanced high-throughput molecular approaches in recent years. They are currently being clinically evaluated for their true diagnostic potential. In this chapter, we document the commonly utilized traditional screening markers and recently identified emerging biomarkers in OC diagnosis, focusing on secretory and protein biomarkers. We also briefly reviewed the recent advances and prospects in OC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer immunology and genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Jo A, Green A, Medina JE, Iyer S, Ohman AW, McCarthy ET, Reinhardt F, Gerton T, Demehin D, Mishra R, Kolin DL, Zheng H, Crum CP, Weinberg RA, Rueda BR, Castro CM, Dinulescu DM, Lee H. Profiling extracellular vesicles in circulation enables the early detection of ovarian cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524549. [PMID: 36711872 PMCID: PMC9882285 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumors in both cell type and natural history. While outcomes are generally favorable when detected early, the most common subtype, high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC), typically presents at an advanced stage and portends less favorable prognoses. Its aggressive nature has thwarted early detection efforts through conventional detection methods such as serum CA125 and ultrasound screening and thus inspired the investigation of novel biomarkers. Here, we report the systematic development of an extracellular-vesicle (EV)-based test to detect early-stage HGSOC. Our study is based on emerging insights into HGSOC biology, notably that it arises from precursor lesions within the fallopian tube before traveling to ovarian and/or peritoneal surfaces. To identify HGSOC marker candidates, we established murine fallopian tube (mFT) cells with oncogenic mutations in Brca1/2, Tp53 , and Pten genes, and performed proteomic analyses on mFT EVs. The identified markers were then evaluated with an orthotopic HGSOC animal model. In serially-drawn blood samples of tumor-bearing mice, mFT-EV markers increased with tumor initiation, supporting their potential use in early cancer detection. A pilot human clinical study ( n = 51) further narrowed EV markers to five candidates, EpCAM, CD24, VCAN, HE4, and TNC. Combined expression of these markers achieved high OvCa diagnostic accuracy (cancer vs. non-cancer) with a sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.93. The same five markers were also effective in a three-group classification: non-cancer, early-stage (I & II) HGSOC, and late-stage (III & IV) HGSOC. In particular, they differentiated early-stage HGSOC from the rest with a specificity of 0.91. Minimally invasive and repeatable, this EV-based testing could be a versatile and serial tool for informing patient care and monitoring women at high risk for ovarian cancer.
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10
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Zhang R, Siu MKY, Ngan HYS, Chan KKL. Molecular Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912041. [PMID: 36233339 PMCID: PMC9569881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer, leading to over 152,000 deaths each year. A late diagnosis is the primary factor causing a poor prognosis of ovarian cancer and often occurs due to a lack of specific symptoms and effective biomarkers for an early detection. Currently, cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is the most widely used biomarker for ovarian cancer detection, but this approach is limited by a low specificity. In recent years, multimarker panels have been developed by combining molecular biomarkers such as human epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4), ultrasound results, or menopausal status to improve the diagnostic efficacy. The risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), the risk of malignancy index (RMI), and OVA1 assays have also been clinically used with improved sensitivity and specificity. Ongoing investigations into novel biomarkers such as autoantibodies, ctDNAs, miRNAs, and DNA methylation signatures continue to aim to provide earlier detection methods for ovarian cancer. This paper reviews recent advancements in molecular biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian cancer.
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11
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The Proteolytic Landscape of Ovarian Cancer: Applications in Nanomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179981. [PMID: 36077371 PMCID: PMC9456334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of mortality globally with an overall 5-year survival of 47%. The predominant subtype of OvCa is epithelial carcinoma, which can be highly aggressive. This review launches with a summary of the clinical features of OvCa, including staging and current techniques for diagnosis and therapy. Further, the important role of proteases in OvCa progression and dissemination is described. Proteases contribute to tumor angiogenesis, remodeling of extracellular matrix, migration and invasion, major processes in OvCa pathology. Multiple proteases, such as metalloproteinases, trypsin, cathepsin and others, are overexpressed in the tumor tissue. Presence of these catabolic enzymes in OvCa tissue can be exploited for improving early diagnosis and therapeutic options in advanced cases. Nanomedicine, being on the interface of molecular and cellular scales, can be designed to be activated by proteases in the OvCa microenvironment. Various types of protease-enabled nanomedicines are described and the studies that focus on their diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic potential are reviewed.
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Lai X, Kang M, Chen Y, Xu F, Wang K, Cao J. Elevated serum level of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) predicts poor prognosis in the critically ill with sepsis: a prospective observational cohort study. Clin Biochem 2022; 109-110:79-85. [PMID: 35932794 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) has been widely used as an important clinical tumor biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer. HE4 has recently been suggested to be an inflammatory biomarker and we hypothesized that the serum HE4 level upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission might predict prognosis in septic patients. We hypothesized that serum HE4 level upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission could predict prognosis in septic patients. METHODS Serum levels of HE4, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and IL-8 were quantified, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were recorded on day one of admission to ICU. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) analysis of HE4, IL-6, PCT and SOFA at ICU admission for 28-day mortality was used to evaluate the ability of HE4 in predicting 28-day mortality of sepsis. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for 28-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 1289 patients were recruited, and 117 patients were included for final analysis. On day of ICU admission, septic patients had significantly higher levels of serum HE4 than those with infection without sepsis, those with ovarian cancer, or healthy controls. Compared with septic survivors, septic non-survivors presented with significantly higher serum HE4 concentrations. Serum levels of HE4 correlated with disease severity scores and cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-8). Upon ICU admission, the AUC for HE4 level association with 28-day mortality was 0.881, higher than the AUC for SOFA (0.713), IL-6 (0.589), and PCT (0.567). A regression analysis showed that HE4 was an independent mortality predictor. CONCLUSION HE4 can predict poor prognosis in septic patients, which may help to identify a group of septic patients at high risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kehan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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A bioinformatic analysis of WFDC2 (HE4) expression in high grade serous ovarian cancer reveals tumor-specific changes in metabolic and extracellular matrix gene expression. Med Oncol 2022; 39:71. [PMID: 35568777 PMCID: PMC9107348 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Human epididymis protein-4 (HE4/WFDC2) has been well-studied as an ovarian cancer clinical biomarker. To improve our understanding of its functional role in high grade serous ovarian cancer, we determined transcriptomic differences between ovarian tumors with high- versus low-WFDC2 mRNA levels in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. High-WFDC2 transcript levels were significantly associated with reduced survival in stage III/IV serous ovarian cancer patients. Differential expression and correlation analyses revealed secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI/WFDC4) as the gene most positively correlated with WFDC2, while A kinase anchor protein-12 was most negatively correlated. WFDC2 and SLPI were strongly correlated across many cancers. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation in differentially expressed genes associated with high-WFDC2 levels, while extracellular matrix organization was enriched among genes associated with low-WFDC2 levels. Immune cell subsets found to be positively correlated with WFDC2 levels were B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, while neutrophils and endothelial cells were negatively correlated with WFDC2. Results were compared with DepMap cell culture gene expression data. Gene ontology analysis of k-means clustering revealed that genes associated with low-WFDC2 were also enriched in extracellular matrix and adhesion categories, while high-WFDC2 genes were enriched in epithelial cell proliferation and peptidase activity. These results support previous findings regarding the effect of HE4/WFDC2 on ovarian cancer pathogenesis in cell lines and mouse models, while adding another layer of complexity to its potential functions in ovarian tumor tissue. Further experimental explorations of these findings in the context of the tumor microenvironment are merited.
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14
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Sassu CM, Palaia I, Boccia SM, Caruso G, Perniola G, Tomao F, Di Donato V, Musella A, Muzii L. Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413650. [PMID: 34948446 PMCID: PMC8707281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common cause of death in women with gynecological cancer. Considering the poor prognosis, particularly in the case of platinum-resistant (PtR) disease, a huge effort was made to define new biomarkers able to help physicians in approaching and treating these challenging patients. Currently, most data can be obtained from tumor biopsy samples, but this is not always available and implies a surgical procedure. On the other hand, circulating biomarkers are detected with non-invasive methods, although this might require expensive techniques. Given the fervent hope in their value, here we focused on the most studied circulating biomarkers that could play a role in PtR OC.
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15
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Lim ZW, Chen WL. Association Between Micronutrient Concentrations and Human Epididymis Protein 4. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4945-4954. [PMID: 34611420 PMCID: PMC8486278 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s327597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been frequently used to study in many malignant tumors, while serum nutritional markers are used to determine a person's health status. However, the link between serum micronutrient concentrations and HE4 has not yet been clarified. Methods A total of 2464 eligible female participants and serum concentrations of nutritional biomarkers were chosen from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001-2002. For statistical analysis, we used the χ 2 test, multivariable linear regression, and analysis of variance. Adjusted models were used, and the concentrations of serum nutritional biomarkers were divided into quartiles. Results The mean age of the participants was 48.07 years. Among twelve micronutrients, five were negatively associated with HE4 in models 1, 2 and 3. Only α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, trans-lycopene and retinol were associated with HE4, with beta coefficients of -0.102, -0.027, -0.506, -0.131 and -0.054, respectively. After performing quartile-based analysis, statistical significance was only found for serum α-carotene, trans-lycopene, and retinol in the three models. In model 3, the beta coefficients [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of the fourth quartiles compared to the first quartiles for α-carotene, trans-lycopene, and retinol were -3.390 (-5.053, -1.727), -4.036 (-5.722, -2.351) and -4.146 (-5.899, -2.393), respectively. Serum concentrations of these three nutritional biomarkers were inversely related to serum HE4 concentration (p trend <0.001). Conclusion HE4 is a useful and novel biomarker that can be used with many diseases, especially ovarian cancer. Three of our selected micronutrients were inversely associated with HE4 concentration. Supplement of micronutrients may reduce the levels of HE4 and the subsequent of ovarian cancer's risk. Therefore, a formula that correlates HE4 with nutritional biomarkers needs to be established before use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wei Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wei Liang Chen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Shi C, van der Wal HH, Silljé HHW, Dokter MM, van den Berg F, Huizinga L, Vriesema M, Post J, Anker SD, Cleland JG, Ng LL, Samani NJ, Dickstein K, Zannad F, Lang CC, van Haelst PL, Gietema JA, Metra M, Ameri P, Canepa M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Voors AA, de Boer RA. Tumour biomarkers: association with heart failure outcomes. J Intern Med 2020; 288:207-218. [PMID: 32372544 PMCID: PMC7496322 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition that heart failure (HF) and cancer are conditions with a number of shared characteristics. OBJECTIVES To explore the association between tumour biomarkers and HF outcomes. METHODS In 2,079 patients of BIOSTAT-CHF cohort, we measured six established tumour biomarkers: CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CEA, CYFRA 21-1 and AFP. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 21 months, 555 (27%) patients reached the primary end-point of all-cause mortality. CA125, CYFRA 21-1, CEA and CA19-9 levels were positively correlated with NT-proBNP quartiles (all P < 0.001, P for trend < 0.001) and were, respectively, associated with a hazard ratio of 1.17 (95% CI 1.12-1.23; P < 0.0001), 1.45 (95% CI 1.30-1.61; P < 0.0001), 1.19 (95% CI 1.09-1.30; P = 0.006) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.05-1.16; P < 0.001) for all-cause mortality after correction for BIOSTAT risk model (age, BUN, NT-proBNP, haemoglobin and beta blocker). All tumour biomarkers (except AFP) had significant associations with secondary end-points (composite of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization, HF hospitalization, cardiovascular (CV) mortality and non-CV mortality). ROC curves showed the AUC of CYFRA 21-1 (0.64) had a noninferior AUC compared with NT-proBNP (0.68) for all-cause mortality (P = 0.08). A combination of CYFRA 21-1 and NT-proBNP (AUC = 0.71) improved the predictive value of the model for all-cause mortality (P = 0.0002 compared with NT-proBNP). CONCLUSIONS Several established tumour biomarkers showed independent associations with indices of severity of HF and independent prognostic value for HF outcomes. This demonstrates that pathophysiological pathways sensed by these tumour biomarkers are also dysregulated in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shi
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H H van der Wal
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H H W Silljé
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M M Dokter
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F van den Berg
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L Huizinga
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Vriesema
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Post
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S D Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J G Cleland
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK.,Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L L Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - N J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - K Dickstein
- University of Bergen, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - F Zannad
- Clinical Investigation Center 1433, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - C C Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - P L van Haelst
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Diagnostics Division, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - P Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Italian Cardiovascular Network, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - M Canepa
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Italian Cardiovascular Network, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - D J van Veldhuisen
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A A Voors
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A de Boer
- From the, Department of Cardiology, Uni, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Role of trypsin and protease-activated receptor-2 in ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232253. [PMID: 32365084 PMCID: PMC7197761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases have been implicated in the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of a variety of cancer types. In fact, proteases have proven to be very clinically useful as tumor biomarkers in the blood of patients. Proteases are typically involved in complex systems of substrates, activators, and inhibitors, thus making our ability to establish their exact function in cancer more difficult. Trypsin, perhaps the most famous of proteases, has been shown to play a role in cancer progression, but its functional role in ovarian cancer has not been much studied. PAR2, a transmembrane receptor that is known to be activated by trypsin, has been reported to be associated with ovarian cancer. Here, we found that stimulation of ovarian cancer cell lines with trypsin or PAR2 activating peptide markedly increased MAPK signaling and cell proliferation. Additionally, HE4, a WAP-family glycoprotein and ovarian cancer biomarker, was found to inhibit trypsin degradation, thereby retaining its activity. Patient data seemed to support this phenomenon, as the serum of ovarian cancer patients with high HE4 expression, revealed significantly elevated trypsin levels. These data support the hypothesis that trypsin plays a tumorigenic role in ovarian cancer, which can be mediated by its receptor PAR2, and potentiated by HE4.
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18
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Markedly Elevated HE4 in Hepatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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19
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Development of Potent Forchlorfenuron Analogs and Their Cytotoxic Effect in Cancer Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3241. [PMID: 32094384 PMCID: PMC7039965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (FCF) is a synthetic plant cytokinin widely used in agriculture to promote fruit size, that paradoxically inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in human cancer cell lines. FCF has also been shown to affect HIF-1α and HER2, which are both known to play a crucial role in cancer cell survival. In this study, we have developed potent FCF analogs through structural modification of FCF, coined UR214-1, UR214-7, and UR214-9. Compared to parental FCF, these analogs are more effective in decreasing viability and proliferation in both ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. These FCF analogs also suppress HER2 expression at a concentration lower than that of FCF. In addition, we found that treatment with either FCF or its analogs decreases the expression of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), which is commonly upregulated in ovarian and endometrial cancers. Given the association between cancer behavior and HE4 production in gynecologic cancers, our findings may provide insight useful in the development of new treatment strategies for gynecologic cancers.
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20
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Liu J, Huang X, Cao X, Feng X, Wang X. Serum biomarker analysis in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. Cytokine 2020; 126:154876. [PMID: 31629109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a primary ovarian defect characterized by premature depletion of ovarian follicles before 40 years of age. The disorder has been attributed to various causes, but the study of altered proteins in serum levels as the cause is rare. Additionally, identifying novel biomarkers can contribute to more accurate diagnosis or prognosis of POI. In the present study, a solid-phase antibody array simultaneously detecting multiple proteins was used to analyze POI serum with menopausal and healthy fertile subjects as control groups. As a result, compared to the menopause and healthy fertile groups, eleven proteins, including Neurturin, Frizzled-5, Serpin D1, MMP-7, ICAM-3, IL-17F, IFN-gamma R1, IL-29, IL-17R, IL-17C and Soggy-1, were uniquely down-regulated, and Afamin was particularly up-regulated in POI serum. More importantly, all of these factors were firstly found to be associated with POI in this study, suggesting that these proteins may participate in the pathogenesis of POI and may be novel serum biomarkers for POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xunchun Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiaojing Cao
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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21
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El Bairi K, Afqir S, Amrani M. Is HE4 Superior over CA-125 in the Follow-up of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer? Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1026-1033. [PMID: 32334501 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200425211732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding important advances in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), this disease is still a leading cause of global high mortality from gynecological malignancies. Recurrence in EOC is inevitable and it is responsible for poor survival rates. There is a critical need for novel effective biomarkers with improved accuracy compared to the standard carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125) for follow-up. The human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is used for early detection of EOC (ROMA algorithm) as well as for predicting optimal cytoreduction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival outcomes. Notably, the emerging HE4 is a promising prognostic biomarker that has displayed better accuracy in various recent studies for detecting recurrent disease. In this mini-review, we discussed the potential of HE4 as an accurate predictor of EOC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Ist University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Said Afqir
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Ist University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mariam Amrani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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22
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Wang A, Jin C, Tian X, Wang Y, Li H. Knockdown of HE4 suppresses aggressive cell growth and malignant progression of ovarian cancer by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/9/bio043570. [PMID: 31477564 PMCID: PMC6777355 DOI: 10.1242/bio.043570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is well known to be a predictor of ovarian cancer clinically. HE4 is reported to play crucial roles in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. The purpose of the present study was to explore its biological role and molecular mechanism in ovarian cancer. In our study, we found that expression levels of HE4 in tissues, serum and urine in ovarian cancer were upregulated compared to healthy and benign groups. HE4 expression was elevated in ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of HE4 dampened cell proliferation and Ki67 expression, as well as enhanced apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and cleaved-caspase-3 expression. In addition, HE4 downregulation repressed invasion and migration capabilities of ovarian cancer cells. Western blot analyses showed that knockdown of HE4 reduced the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ovarian cancer cells. In vivo animal experiments revealed that HE4 downregulation constrained the growth of xenograft tumor. Mechanism research showed that knockdown HE4 inhibited the activity of JAK/STAT3 pathway in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings reported that knockdown of HE4 suppresses aggressive cell growth and malignant progression of ovarian cancer by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway, which provides valuable insights to contribute to develop novel HE4-targeted therapies. Summary: Our findings reported that HE4 knockdown suppresses aggressive cell growth and malignant progression of ovarian cancer by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway, which could provide a valuable insight into developing novel HE4-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Canhui Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Furrer D, Grégoire J, Turcotte S, Plante M, Bachvarov D, Trudel D, Têtu B, Douville P, Bairati I. Performance of preoperative plasma tumor markers HE4 and CA125 in predicting ovarian cancer mortality in women with epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218621. [PMID: 31220149 PMCID: PMC6586345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical utility of new biomarkers often requires the identification of their optimal threshold. This external validation study was conducted to assess the performance of the preoperative plasma tumor markers HE4 and CA125 optimal cut-offs to predict cancer mortality in women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Participating women had upfront debulking surgery in the University Hospital of Quebec City (Canada) between 1998 and 2013. A total of 136 women participated in the training cohort (cohort 1) and 177 in the validation cohort (cohort 2). Preoperative plasma HE4 and CA125 levels were measured by Elecsys. Optimal thresholds were identified in the cohort 1 using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Multivariate Cox models were used to validate the biomarkers using their optimal cut-offs in the cohort 2. The likelihood ratio (LR) test was done to test whether the biomarkers added prognostic information beyond that provided by standard prognostic factors. The Areas Under the Curves (AUC) for HE4 and CA125 were respectively 64.2 (95% CI: 54.7-73.6) and 63.1 (95%CI: 53.6-72.6). The optimal thresholds were 277 pmol/L for HE4 and 282 U/ml for CA125. Preoperative plasma HE4 (≥277 pmol/L) was significantly associated with EOC mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.90; 95% CI:1.09-3.29). The prognostic effect of HE4 was strongest in the subgroup of women with serous ovarian cancer (aHR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.25-4.68). Using a multivariate model including all standard prognostic factors, this association was maintained (aHR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.15-4.23). In addition, preoperative plasma HE4 added prediction for death over the standard prognostic markers in women with serous tumors (p-value for LR-test: 0.01). Preoperative CA125 was not associated with cancer mortality, both in women with EOC and in those with serous tumors. Preoperative HE4 is a promising prognostic biomarker in EOC, especially in serous tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Furrer
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center 11, Côte du Palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology division), Côte du palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Grégoire
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology division), Côte du palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, L’Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Turcotte
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology division), Côte du palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Plante
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology division), Côte du palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, L’Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Dimcho Bachvarov
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center 11, Côte du Palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology division), Côte du palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology division), Côte du palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center 11, Côte du Palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology division), Côte du palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Douville
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology division), Côte du palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bairati
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center 11, Côte du Palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology division), Côte du palais, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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