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Patel JR, Thangavelu P, Terrell RM, Israel B, Sarkar AB, Davidson AM, Zhang K, Khupse R, Tilghman SL. A Novel Allosteric Inhibitor Targets PLK1 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:531. [PMID: 35454120 PMCID: PMC9024838 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors have shown promise in clinical settings for treating triple-negative breast cancer tumors and other solid tumors, they are limited by their ability to bind non-selectively to the ATP kinase domain. Therefore, we sought to develop a PLK1 allosteric inhibitor targeting the PLK1 T-loop (a switch responsible for activation) and evaluate its effects in triple-negative breast cancer cells. A novel compound, RK-10, was developed based on an in silico model, and its effects on specificity, viability, migration, and cell cycle regulation in MCF-10A and MDA-MB 231 cells were evaluated. When MDA-MB 231 cells were treated with 0−50 µg/mL RK-10, phospho-PLK1 (Thr-210) was decreased in cells cultured adherently and cells cultured as mammospheres. RK-10 significantly inhibited viability after 24 h; however, by 48 h, 25−50 µM RK-10 caused >50% reduction. RK-10 attenuated wound healing by up to 99.7% and caused S and G2/M cell cycle arrest, which was associated with increased p21 expression. We developed a novel allosteric inhibitor which mediates anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties through targeting phospho-PLK1 (Thr-210) in mammospheres and causing S phase and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Further development of PLK1 allosteric inhibitors may be a promising approach for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jankiben R. Patel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institutes of Public Health, Florida A&M University, 1415 S. Martin L. King Jr. Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (J.R.P.); (R.M.T.); (B.I.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Prasad Thangavelu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, 1000 N Main St., Findlay, OH 45840, USA; (P.T.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Renee M. Terrell
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institutes of Public Health, Florida A&M University, 1415 S. Martin L. King Jr. Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (J.R.P.); (R.M.T.); (B.I.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Bridg’ette Israel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institutes of Public Health, Florida A&M University, 1415 S. Martin L. King Jr. Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (J.R.P.); (R.M.T.); (B.I.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Arindam Basu Sarkar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, 1000 N Main St., Findlay, OH 45840, USA; (P.T.); (A.B.S.)
| | - A. Michael Davidson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institutes of Public Health, Florida A&M University, 1415 S. Martin L. King Jr. Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (J.R.P.); (R.M.T.); (B.I.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - Rahul Khupse
- College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, 1000 N Main St., Findlay, OH 45840, USA; (P.T.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Syreeta L. Tilghman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institutes of Public Health, Florida A&M University, 1415 S. Martin L. King Jr. Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (J.R.P.); (R.M.T.); (B.I.); (A.M.D.)
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