Latest updates on cellular and molecular biomarkers of gliomas

Post-translational protein lactylation modification in health and diseases: a double-edged sword

As more is learned about lactate, it acts as both a product and a substrate and functions as a shuttle system between different cell populations to provide the energy for sustaining tumor growth and proliferation. Recent discoveries of protein lactylation modification mediated by lactate play an increasingly significant role in human health (e.g., neural and osteogenic differentiation and maturation) and diseases (e.g., tumors, fibrosis and inflammation, etc.). These views are critically significant and first described in detail in this review. Hence, here, we focused on a new target, protein lactylation, which may be a "double-edged sword" of human health and diseases. The main purpose of this review was to describe how protein lactylation acts in multiple physiological and pathological processes and their potential mechanisms through an in-depth summary of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies. Our work aims to provide new ideas for treating different diseases and accelerate translation from bench to bedside.

Circular RNA circTIE1 drives proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells through regulating miR-1286/TEAD1 axis

Recent studies have verified that circRNAs (circular RNAs) play a critical role in glioma occurrence and malignant progression. However, numerous circRNAs with unknown functions remain to be explored with further research. qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) was employed to detect circTIE1 expression in glioma tissues, NHAs (normal human astrocytes), and glioma cellular lines (U87, U118, U251, T98G, LN229). Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Cellular proliferation was evaluated by a 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) proliferation assay. Cell migration and aggression were both evaluated by transwell and migration assays. The direct binding and regulation among circTIE1, miR-1286 and TEAD1 was identified by western blotting, qPCR, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Xenografts were generated by injecting glioma cells orthotopically into the brains of nude mice. Immunohistochemistry staining was implemented to evaluate the expression of the proliferation markers ki67 and TEAD1. We found that circTIE1 (circBase ID: hsa_circ_0012012) was upregulated in glioma tissues and glioma cellular lines in contrast to NBT (normal brain tissues) and NHA. CircTIE1 knockdown inhibited glioma cell viability, proliferation, migration and aggression both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circTIE1 could upregulate TEAD1 expression via miR-1286 sponging, and TEAD1 is a well-known functional gene that could promote malignant advancement in glioma. This research found a novel circRNA, circTIE1, which is an essential marker of glioma progression and diagnosis and may be anticipated to become a crucial target for molecular targeted therapy of glioma.