Prediction of BRAF mutation status in glioblastoma multiforme by preoperative ring enhancement appearances on MRI

DEHP-Induced Glioblastoma in Zebrafish Is Associated with Circadian Dysregulation of PER3

DEHP is a plasticizer that is widely found in our water environment and poses a significant risk to the environment and human health. Long-term exposure to DEHP can cause endocrine disruption and interfere with the organism's normal functioning. In order to explore the potential effects of DEHP on the development of biological brain tissues, this study used bioinformatics analysis to confirm the diagnostic and prognostic value of PER3 in gliomas and further validated the neurotoxicity of DEHP using methods such as behavioral experiments and molecular biology in zebrafish. The experimental findings revealed that the expression level of PER3 in diseased tissues was significantly lower than that in the control group. In addition, the expression level of PER3 was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and oncogenes. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis showed that PER3 could accurately differentiate between GBM tissues and adjacent normal tissues. To further validate the neurotoxicity of DEHP, we analyzed the effects of DEHP exposure on zebrafish development and PER3 expression by behavioral experiments and molecular biology. The results showed that exposure to DEHP substantially altered both the behavioral responses and the gene expression profiles within the brain tissues of zebrafish. PCR results indicate that the expression of circadian rhythm factor PER3 was significantly reduced in the brains of zebrafish in the exposed group, and circadian dysregulation had a certain promoting effect on the development of glioma. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential effects of DEHP contamination in a water environment on organism brain development. It was demonstrated that PER3 is an effective early diagnostic marker, which is of great significance in the diagnosis and clinical prognosis of glioma, and that DEHP exposure can lead to a significant reduction in PER3 expression in zebrafish brain tissue. This study further proved that DEHP has a potential carcinogenic effect, which adds scientific evidence to the carcinogenicity study of DEHP.

Molecular Profile as an Outcome Predictor in Glioblastoma along with MRI Features and Surgical Resection: A Scoping Review

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors of the brain. We queried PubMed for articles about molecular predictor markers in GBM. This scoping review aims to analyze the most important outcome predictors in patients with GBM and to compare these factors in terms of absolute months of survival benefit and percentages. Performing a gross total resection for patients with GBM undergoing optimal chemo- and radiotherapy provides a significant benefit in overall survival compared to those patients who received a subtotal or partial resection. However, compared to IDH-Wildtype GBMs, patients with IDH-Mutant 1/2 GBMs have an increased survival. MGMT promoter methylation status is another strong outcome predictor for patients with GBM. In the reviewed literature, patients with methylated MGMT promoter lived approximately 50% to 90% longer than those with an unmethylated MGMT gene promoter. Moreover, KPS is an important predictor of survival and quality of life, demonstrating that we should refrain from aggressive surgery in important brain areas. As new therapies (such as TTFs) emerge, we are optimistic that the overall median survival will increase, even for IDH-Wildtype GBMs. In conclusion, molecular profiles are stronger outcome predictors than the extent of neurosurgical resection for GBM.

BRAF-mutated suprasellar glioblastoma mimicking craniopharyngioma: illustrative case

BACKGROUND

Suprasellar masses commonly include craniopharyngiomas and pituitary adenomas. Suprasellar glioblastoma is exceedingly rare with only a few prior case reports in the literature. Suprasellar glioblastoma can mimic craniopharyngioma or other more common suprasellar etiologies preoperatively.

OBSERVATIONS

A 65-year-old male with no significant history presented to the emergency department with a subacute decline in mental status. Work-up revealed a large suprasellar mass with extension to the right inferior medial frontal lobe and right lateral ventricle, associated with significant vasogenic edema. The patient underwent an interhemispheric transcallosal approach subtotal resection of the interventricular portion of the mass. Pathological analysis revealed glioblastoma, MGMT partially methylated, with a BRAF V600E mutation.

LESSONS

Malignant glioblastomas can mimic benign suprasellar masses and should remain on the differential for a diverse set of brain masses with a broad range of radiological and clinical features. For complex cases accessible from the ventricle where the pituitary complex cannot be confidently preserved via a transsphenoidal approach, an interhemispheric approach is also a practical initial surgical option. In addition to providing diagnostic value, molecular profiling may also reveal therapeutically significant gene alterations such as BRAF mutations.