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Tsuchiya T, Miyawaki S, Teranishi Y, Ohara K, Hirano Y, Ogawa S, Torazawa S, Sakai Y, Hongo H, Ono H, Saito N. Current molecular understanding of central nervous system schwannomas. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2025; 13:24. [PMID: 39910685 PMCID: PMC11796276 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-025-01937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwannomas are tumors that originate from myelinating Schwann cells and can occur in cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves. Although our understanding of the molecular biology underlying schwannomas remains incomplete, numerous studies have identified various molecular findings and biomarkers associated with schwannomas of the central nervous system (CNS). The development of these tumors is primarily linked to mutations in the NF2 gene. Merlin, the protein encoded by NF2, is integral to several signaling pathways, including Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTORC1, Wnt/β-catenin, and the Hippo pathway. MAIN BODY Recent research has also uncovered novel genetic alterations, such as the SH3PXD2A::HTRA1 fusion gene, VGLL-fusions in intraparenchymal CNS schwannomas, and the SOX10 mutation particularly in non-vestibular cranial nerve schwannomas. In addition to genetic alterations, research is also being conducted on gene expression and epigenetic regulation, with a focus on NF2 methylation and post-transcriptional silencing by micro RNA. Furthermore, the advent of advanced techniques like single-cell sequencing and multi-omics analysis has facilitated rapid discoveries related to the tumor microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity in schwannomas. CONCLUSION A deeper exploration of these molecular findings could clarify the mechanisms of schwannoma tumorigenesis and progression, ultimately guiding the development of new therapeutic targets. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current molecular understanding of CNS schwannomas, emphasizing the insights gained from previous research, while addressing existing controversies and outlining future research and treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyawaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yu Teranishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenta Ohara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yudai Hirano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ogawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Seiei Torazawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yu Sakai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hongo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ono
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Yang C, Xiao H, Yang Q, Zhao Z, Liu Y. The Association Between Preoperative Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in Patients Treated by Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:4153-4161. [PMID: 39308974 PMCID: PMC11414630 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s477047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the association between preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Patients and Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent PCNL at our hospital between March 2020 and May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether fUTI occurs after operation, collected data were divided to the patients into fUTI and non-fUTI. Univariate analysis, relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed on the data. Results A total of 405 patients were enrolled in the study. The procedure was successfully performed in all patients, and the incidence of fUTI was 8.4% (34/405). Eight patients eventually developed sepsis, and the incidence of sepsis in fUTI patients was 23.5%. The result shows a significant correlation between NLR and fUTI (95% confidence interval [CI],1.21-1.83, Odds ratio [OR]=1.49, p<0.001). The predictive ability of NLR on the occurrence of fUTI was assessed by plotting relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curve (AUC) in the ROC curve for NLR was 0.718 according to the Youden index, and the best cut-off value of NLR was 2.71. Furthermore, logistic multiple regression model adjustment was carried out to further confirm the robustness of the relationship between NLR and fUTI. The results indicated robustness regardless of whether NLR was a continuous variable or a categorical variable. Conclusion NLR can be used as a simple and effective preoperative indicator for the prediction of fUTI in patients undergoing PCNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Urology, 302 Hospital of China Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, 561400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Department of Urology, 302 Hospital of China Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, 561400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qizhi Yang
- Department of Urology, 302 Hospital of China Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, 561400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- Department of Urology, 302 Hospital of China Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, 561400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Urology, 302 Hospital of China Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, 561400, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510000, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao Z, Xu L. Prognostic significance of HALP score and combination of peripheral blood multiple indicators in patients with early breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1253895. [PMID: 38188308 PMCID: PMC10768851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1253895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the prognostic significance of preoperative hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score combined with multiple peripheral blood indicators in patients with early breast cancer (EBC). Methods A total of 411 patients with early invasive breast cancer underwent breast-conserving surgery or radical surgery at Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020. The cut-off values of HALP, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were calculated using the software X-tile. The primary outcomes were recurrence-free survival (RFS), which was analyzed using the Kaplan Meier (K-M) method, while log-rank was used to test the differences between high and low curves. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the prognostic significance of HALP. Furthermore, the prognostic predictive value of independent prognostic factors was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Low HALP score (P<0.0001), high PLR (P<0.0001), and low LMR (P = 0.0345) were significantly associated with worse RFS. Body mass index (BMI)<24 (P = 0.0036), no diabetes (P = 0.0205), earlier TNM stage (P = 0.0005), and no lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0022) were positively correlated with longer survival HALP scores (hazard ratio [HR] 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08 (0.024-0.265), P<0.0001), BMI (HR 95%CI: 0.254 (0.109-0.589), P = 0.001), TNM stage (HR 95%CI: 0.153 (0.041-0.571), P = 0.005), and diabetes (HR 95%CI: 0.259 (0.085-0.785), P = 0.017) were demonstrated as independent prognostic factors by Cox regression analysis. The ROC curves depicted that the two most valuable factors were TNM stage and HALP, and combined independent factors were more accurate in prognostic prediction than any single factor. This further indicated that the TNM stage combined HALP or BMI were more valuable combinations. Conclusion The HALP score was an independent prognostic factor for EBC and was significantly associated with worse RFS. This score may predict the probability of postoperative tumor recurrence or metastasis before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Zhao
- Graduate School of Dalian Medicine University, Dalian Medicine University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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