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Chimplee S, Smythe C, Tipmanee V, Sukrong S, Kanokwiroon K. Anticancer mechanism of 7-α-hydroxyfrullanolide on microtubules and computational prediction of its target binding in triple-negative breast cancer cells. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13508. [PMID: 35651747 PMCID: PMC9150694 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) responds poorly to the available drugs; thus, the mortality rate associated with TNBC remains high. 7-α-Hydroxyfrullanolide (7HF) possesses anticancer properties and arrests cells in the G2/M-phase via modulation of several proteins involved in the G2/M-phase transition, as well as the mitotic checkpoint in MDA-MB-468 (TNBC) cells. Microtubules (MTs) dynamically regulate cell division in the G2/M phase and are related to cancer cell stress response. However, antimitotic drug cytotoxicity to multiple cancer resistance developed in response to drugs are obstacles faced to date. Here, the activity and mechanism via which 7HF controls MTs dynamics was investigated in MDA-MB-468 cells. Methods 7HF uptake by MDA-MB-468 cells was assessed using spectrophotometry. The drug-like properties of 7HF were predicted using the Swiss-absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) webtool. Then, the effect of 7HF treatment (6, 12, and 24 µM) on the dynamic arrangement of MTs was assessed for 1, 12, and 24 h using indirect immunofluorescence. Polymerization of α- and β-tubulin was assessed using different 7HF concentrations in a cell-free system for 1 h. Cell proliferation assay with bromodeoxyuridine plus propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry was performed at different 7HF concentrations and time points. The mechanism of action was assessed by detecting the expression of proteins, including Bub3, cyclin B1, p-Cdk1 (Tyr15), Rb, p-Rb (Ser780), Chk1, p-Chk1 (Ser345), Chk2, p-Chk2 (Ser516), and p-H2AX (Ser139), using western blotting. Molecular docking was used to predict the molecular interactions between 7HF and tubulins in MTs. Results We observed that 7HF was able to enter the MDA-MB-468 cells. The ADME webtool analysis predicted that it possesses the high passive permeation and gastrointestinal absorption properties of drugs. Various concentrations of 7HF disrupted the dynamic arrangement of spindle MTs by causing radial spindle array shrinkage and expansion of fibrous spindle density and radial array lengths in a time-dependent manner. 7HF reduced polymerization of α-, β-tubulin in dose-dependent manner. 7HF also triggered DNA damage response by inducing G2/M and G1 phase arrests in a concentration and time-dependent manner, which occurred due to the upregulation of Bub3, Chk1, p-Chk1 (Ser345), p-Cdk1 (Tyr15), and cyclin B1. According to molecular docking analysis, 7HF preferred to bind to β-tubulin over α-tubulin. The lactone, ketone, and hydroxyl groups of 7HF supported the 7HF-tubulin interactions. Hydrogen bonding with a hydrocarbon ring and salt bridge attractive forces were responsible for the binding versatility of 7HF. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the molecular mechanism, MTs interacting sites, and the internalization and drug-like properties of 7HF in TNBC cells. The findings will be useful for developing 7HF-based treatment for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriphorn Chimplee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Carl Smythe
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Center of Excellence in DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Costa FV, Gadea A, Antunes AR, Ferron S, Back ÁJ, Barlow JW, Citadini-Zanette V, Dévéhat FLL, Amaral PDA. Chemical fingerprinting of the Brazilian medicinal plant Calea pinnatifida (R. Br.) Less. (Asteraceae) collected at different altitudes. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6069-6074. [PMID: 35227145 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2044809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Calea pinnatifida (R. Br.) Less. is a plant of Brazilian folk medicine. We evaluated the influence of environmental factors on the chemical profile of C. pinnatifida collected during the winter season. C. pinnatifida leaves, alongside soil samples, were collected from two sites of different altitude. Plant samples were sequentially extracted, while soil samples were subject to compositional analysis. Plant extracts were compared using HPTLC-UV, using chemometric analyses to compare samplings harvested at both altitudes. Two marker metabolites, calein A (1) and acetylportentol (2), were isolated from samples collected at the respective altitudes. The differing metabolic profiles observed may be a result of the influence of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciely Vanessa Costa
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LaPlaM/PPGCA), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alice Gadea
- Université Rennes1, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Altamir Rocha Antunes
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LaPlaM/PPGCA), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Solenn Ferron
- Université Rennes1, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Álvaro José Back
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LaPlaM/PPGCA), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - James W Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vanilde Citadini-Zanette
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LaPlaM/PPGCA), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia de Aguiar Amaral
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LaPlaM/PPGCA), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Anticancer Effects and Molecular Action of 7-α-Hydroxyfrullanolide in G2/M-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020407. [PMID: 35056723 PMCID: PMC8779136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. TNBC cells respond poorly to targeted chemotherapies currently in use and the mortality rate of TNBC remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new chemotherapeutic agents for TNBC. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of 7-α-hydroxyfrullanolide (7HF), derived from Grangea maderaspatana, on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells were assessed using MTT assay. The mode of action of 7HF in TNBC cells treated with 6, 12 and 24 µM of 7HF was determined by flow cytometry and propidium iodide (PI) staining for cell cycle analysis and annexin V/fluorescein isothiocyanate + PI staining for detecting apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of action of 7HF in TNBC cells was investigated by evaluating protein expression using proteomic techniques and western blotting. Subsequently, 7HF exhibited the strongest anti-TNBC activity toward MDA-MB-468 cells and a concomitantly weak toxicity toward normal breast cells. The molecular mechanism of action of low-dose 7HF in TNBC cells primarily involved G2/M-phase arrest through upregulation of the expression of Bub3, cyclin B1, phosphorylated Cdk1 (Tyr 15) and p53-independent p21. Contrastingly, the upregulation of PP2A-A subunit expression may have modulated the suppression of various cell survival proteins such as p-Akt (Ser 473), FoxO3a and β-catenin. The concurrent apoptotic effect of 7HF on the treated cells was mediated via both intrinsic and extrinsic modes through the upregulation of Bax and active cleaved caspase-7–9 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2 and full-length caspase-7–9 expression. Notably, the proteomic approach revealed the upregulation of the expression of pivotal protein clusters associated with G1/S-phase arrest, G2/M-phase transition and apoptosis. Thus, 7HF exhibits promising anti-TNBC activity and at a low dose, it modulates signal transduction associated with G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis.
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Da Rosa RB, Borsoi G, Conter LU, Feistel C, Gottems AL, Reginatto FH, Grivicich I, De Barros Falcão Ferraz A. Bioguided isolation of a selective compound from Calea phyllolepis leaves against breast cancer cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:20-27. [PMID: 34605186 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants of the Calea genus have been reported to contain lipophilic compounds, such as sesquiterpene lactones, with cytotoxic effect against different cancer cell lines. The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the chemical profile and cytotoxic activity of different fractions from Calea phylolepis leaves on different human cancer cell lines. The fractions were prepared using solvent extraction of increasing polarity, yielding hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions. All fractions were chemically analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and their cytotoxic activity against HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), U-251MG (malignant glioblastoma) and L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell lines was investigated. Among these, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed higher cytotoxic effects, while the methanolic fraction did not show any cytotoxic effects. The major bioactive compound from the hexane fraction (12.15%) was isolated using chromatographic methods and was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis as 6-epi-β-verbesinol coumarate. This compound showed activity against breast cancer cells (IC50 = 5.8 ± 1.0 μg/ml), similar to etoposide. Furthermore, 6-epi-β-verbesinol coumarate showed low cytotoxicity to normal fibroblast cells, suggesting a high selectivity index (SI = 7.39) against breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Bitencourt Da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borsoi
- Programa de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Umpierre Conter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Feistel
- Programa de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre De Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
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Caldas LA, Rodrigues MT, Batista ANL, Batista JM, Lago JHG, Ferreira MJP, Rubio IGS, Sartorelli P. Sesquiterpene Lactones from Calea pinnatifida: Absolute Configuration and Structural Requirements for Antitumor Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133005. [PMID: 32630070 PMCID: PMC7411797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the chromatographic fractionation of the aerial parts of Calea pinnatifida and the structural characterization and determination of the absolute configuration of the isolated compounds as well as their antitumor potential. The HPLC fractionation of the CH2Cl2 phase of the MeOH extract from the leaves of C. pinnatifida led to the isolation of two related sesquiterpene lactones (STLs): calein C (1) and calealactone B (2). Additionally, during the purification process, a derivative of calein C (3) was formed as a product of the Michael addition of MeOH. The structures of Compounds 1–3 were established based on spectroscopic and spectrometric data, while the absolute stereochemistry was established by vibrational circular dichroism. In order to evaluate the effect of the conjugated double bonds on the cytotoxic activity of STLs, Compounds 1–3 were tested against anaplastic (KTC-2) and papillary (TPC-1) thyroid carcinoma cells. Calein C was the most active of the STLs, and displayed activity against both KTC-2 and TPC-1. On the other hand, the calein C derivative (3) was the least cytotoxic of all the compounds tested. These results are promising and suggest the importance of studying sesquiterpene lactones isolated from C. pinnatifida in terms of antitumor activity, especially considering the effects of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lhaís Araújo Caldas
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.); (I.G.S.R.)
| | - Mariana T. Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04021-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;
| | - Andrea N. L. Batista
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;
- Insitituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-141 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - João M. Batista
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (J.M.B.J.); (P.S.); Tel.: +55-11-4044-0500 (P.S.)
| | - João H. G. Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-180 Santo André, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo J. P. Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ileana G. S. Rubio
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.); (I.G.S.R.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04021-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.); (I.G.S.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.B.J.); (P.S.); Tel.: +55-11-4044-0500 (P.S.)
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Wu Z, Wang C, Huang M, Tao Z, Yan W, Du Y. Naturally Occurring Sesquiterpene Lactone-Santonin, Exerts Anticancer Effects in Multi-Drug Resistant Breast Cancer Cells by Inducing Mitochondrial Mediated Apoptosis, Caspase Activation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and by Targeting Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3676-3682. [PMID: 31101800 PMCID: PMC6540632 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesquiterpene lactones have gained tremendous attention owing to their potent anticancer properties. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, santonin, against human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell counting kit 8 assay was used for the determination of cell viability. Apoptosis was detected by DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and annexin V/propidium iodide (IP) staining. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and western blotting was used for the estimation of protein expression. RESULTS Results showed that santonin exerts significant anti-proliferative effects on the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells in a concentration dependent manner. Santonin showed an IC₅₀ of 16 µM against SK-BR-3 cells. DAPI staining showed that santonin caused DNA fragmentation in the SK-BR-3 cells, which is indicative of apoptosis. Annexin V/PI staining showed that apoptotic cell percentage increased up to 34.32% at 32 µM concentration of santonin. Santonin also caused an increase in the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2. Santonin also caused the arrest of the SK-BR-3 cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and suppressed the expression of cyclin A and B1. Finally, santonin could also block the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest the potential for the naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone santonin in breast cancer treatment and also suggest that it could be developed as a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhonghua Tao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yiqun Du
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Caldas LA, Yoshinaga ML, Ferreira MJ, Lago JH, de Souza AB, Laurenti MD, Passero LFD, Sartorelli P. Antileishmanial activity and ultrastructural changes of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Calea pinnatifida (Asteraceae). Bioorg Chem 2019; 83:348-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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