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Zhang K, Cao Y, Tang H, Lin D. Possible role of HE4 level elevation in the pathogenesis of TH2-high asthma. J Asthma 2024; 61:160-172. [PMID: 37902273 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2251056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a heterogeneous disease, asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and airway mucus hypersecretion. According to the pathological changes, symptoms, preventive and treatment methods, asthma can be divided into TH2-high and TH2-low asthma. We show that the expression of the tumor biomarker human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) was significantly increased in TH2-high asthma group, while there was no marked difference in its expression between TH2-low asthma and healthy control groups. HE4 levels were significantly increased in plasma, induced sputum, and alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples and airway epithelial cells from TH2-high asthma group, showing that HE4 has a possible role in the pathogenesis of TH2-high asthma. METHODS Using RT-qPCR, ELISA, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry, we assessed differences in HE4 expression in plasma, induced sputum, BALF, and airway epithelial cells among patients with the TH2-related asthma subtypes and healthy controls. To explore the role of HE4 in TH2-high asthma, we conducted a correlation analysis between HE4 levels in plasma, induced sputum, BALF, and airway epithelial cells and multiple indicators of airway eosinophilic inflammation, airway mucus secretion, and airway remodeling. CONCLUSION We found for the first time that HE4 was differentially expressed in the TH2-related asthma subtypes. In TH2-high asthma, HE4 levels were markedly elevated in airway epithelial cells, plasma, induced sputum, and BALF. HE4 may play an important role in various pathogenic mechanisms of asthma, such as airway eosinophilic inflammation, airway mucus secretion, and airway remodeling. HE4 in plasma may be a clinically biomarker for differentiating TH2-related asthma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hexuan Tang
- School of Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China
| | - Dang Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Li X, Chen K, Li J, Tang X, Ruan H, Guan M. Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid human epididymis protein 4 for leptomeningeal metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339914. [PMID: 38304432 PMCID: PMC10830695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) remains a clinical challenge. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) functions as a novel tumor biomarker for cancers. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HE4, and combined with CEACAM6, for LUAD LM. Methods The CSF HE4 protein level was measured in two independent cohorts by electrochemiluminescence. Test cohort included 58 LUAD LM patients, 22 LUAD patients without LM (Wiot-LM), and 68 normal controls. Validation cohort enrolled 50 LUAD LM patients and 40 normal controls, in parallel with Wiot-LM patients without brain metastases (19 Wiot-LM/BrM patients) or with BrM (26 BrM patients). The CSF level of CEA, CA125, CA153, CA199, CA724, NSE and ProGRP of these samples was measured by electrochemiluminescence, whereas the CSF CEACAM6 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the serum level of these biomarkers was detected by same method as CSF. Results The level of HE4 or CEACAM6 in CSF samples from LUAD LM patients was significantly higher than those from normal controls and Wiot-LM patients. The HE4 or CEACAM6 level in CSF was higher than that in serum of LM patient. The CSF HE4 or CEACAM6 level for distinguished LM from Wiot-LM showed good performance by receiver-operating characteristic analysis. The better discriminative power for LM was achieved when HE4 was combined with CEACAM6. In addition, the CSF HE4 and CEACAM6 level showed little or no difference between Wiot-LM/BrM and BrM patients, the BrM would not significantly influence the HE4 or CEACAM6 level in CSF. The diagnostic power of CSF CA125, CA153, CA199, CA724, NSE and ProGRP for LUAD LM were not ideal. Conclusion The combination with HE4 and CEACAM6 has the promising application for the diagnosis of LUAD LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Ruan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pócsi M, Fejes Z, Bene Z, Nagy A, Balogh I, Amaral MD, Macek M, Nagy B. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) plasma concentration inversely correlates with the improvement of cystic fibrosis lung disease in p.Phe508del-CFTR homozygous cases treated with the CFTR modulator lumacaftor/ivacaftor combination. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1085-1092. [PMID: 37087300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously documented that elevated HE4 plasma concentration decreased in people with CF (pwCF) bearing the p.Gly551Asp-CFTR variant in response to CFTR modulator (CFTRm) ivacaftor (IVA), and this level was inversely correlated with the FEV1% predicted values (ppFEV1). Although the effectiveness of lumacaftor (LUM)/IVA in pwCF homozygous for the p.Phe508del-CFTR variant has been evaluated, plasma biomarkers were not used to monitor treatment efficacy thus far. METHODS Plasma HE4 concentration was examined in 68 pwCF drawn from the PROSPECT study who were homozygous for the p.Phe508del-CFTR variant before treatment and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after administration of LUM/IVA therapy. Plasma HE4 was correlated with ppFEV1 using their absolute and delta values. The discriminatory power of delta HE4 was evaluated for the detection of lung function improvements based on ROC-AUC analysis and multiple regression test. RESULTS HE4 plasma concentration was significantly reduced below baseline following LUM/IVA administration during the entire study period. The mean change of ppFEV1 was 2.6% (95% CI, 0.6 to 4.5) by 6 months of therapy in this sub-cohort. A significant inverse correlation between delta values of HE4 and ppFEV1 was observed especially in children with CF (r=-0.7053; p<0.0001). Delta HE4 predicted a 2.6% mean change in ppFEV1 (AUC: 0.7898 [95% CI 0.6823-0.8972]; P < 0.0001) at a cut-off value of -10.7 pmol/L. Moreover, delta HE4 independently represented the likelihood of being a responder with ≥ 5% delta ppFEV1 at 6 months (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma HE4 level negatively correlates with lung function improvement assessed by ppFEV1 in pwCF undergoing LUM/IVA CFTRm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pócsi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Laki Kálmán Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fejes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bene
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Nagy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Balogh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Béla Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Cao R, Zhang S, Zhang J, Miao D, Zhou H, Chen Y. Association between serum HE4 and poor periodontal health in adult women. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4809-4816. [PMID: 37340055 PMCID: PMC10415452 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to explore the association between serum human epididymal protein (HE4) levels and poor periodontal health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data used in our study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002 and Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE10334 and GSE16134). Periodontitis category was defined by the 2017 classification scheme based on clinical periodontal parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between serum HE4 levels and the risk of periodontitis. GSEA analysis was performed to investigate the function of HE4. RESULTS A total of 1715 adult women over the age of 30 were included in our study. Compared with the lowest tertile, individuals in the highest tertile of HE4 levels were more likely to be Stage III/IV periodontitis (ORtertile3vs1 = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.35-4.21). The association was still significant in populations who were less than 60 years old, non-Hispanic white, high school graduate, 1.3 < PI ≤ 3.5, non-smoker, current smoker, non-obese, obese, and who had not diabetes mellitus or had not hypertension. In addition, HE4 expression was upregulated in diseased gingival tissues and involved in cell proliferation and immunity. CONCLUSIONS Serum HE4 is positively associated with poor periodontal health in adult women. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients with high serum HE4 levels are more likely to have Stage III/IV periodontitis. HE4 has the potential to be used as a biomarker to predict the severity of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China.
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Shusen Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Di Miao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China.
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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The Role of MMPs in the Era of CFTR Modulators: An Additional Target for Cystic Fibrosis Patients? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020350. [PMID: 36830719 PMCID: PMC9952876 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a high-prevalence disease characterized by significant lung remodeling, responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The lung structural changes are partly due to proteolytic activity associated with inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are the major proteases involved in CF, and recent literature data focused on their potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In fact, an imbalance of proteases and antiproteases was observed in CF patients, resulting in dysfunction of protease activity and loss of lung homeostasis. Currently, many steps forward have been moved in the field of pharmacological treatment with the recent introduction of triple-combination therapy targeting the CFTR channel. Despite CFTR modulator therapy potentially being effective in up to 90% of patients with CF, there are still patients who are not eligible for the available therapies. Here, we introduce experimental drugs to provide updates on therapy evolution regarding a proportion of CF non-responder patients to current treatment, and we summarize the role of MMPs in pathogenesis and as future therapeutic targets of CF.
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Roda J, Pinto-Silva C, Silva IA, Maia C, Almeida S, Ferreira R, Oliveira G. New drugs in cystic fibrosis: what has changed in the last decade? Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221098136. [PMID: 35620188 PMCID: PMC9128052 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221098136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), a life-limiting chronic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, affects more than 90,000 people worldwide. Until recently, the only available treatments were directed to symptom control, but they failed to change the course of the disease. New drugs developed in the last decade have the potential to change the expression, function, and stability of CFTR protein, targeting the basic molecular defect. The authors seek to provide an update on the new drugs, with a special focus on the most promising clinical trials that have been carried out to date. These newly approved drugs that target specific CFTR mutations are mainly divided into two main groups of CFTR modulators: potentiators and correctors. New therapies have opened the door for potentially disease-modifying, personalized treatments for patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Roda
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Avenida Afonso Romão 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto-Silva
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Iris A.I. Silva
- BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Maia
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Almeida
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferreira
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guiomar Oliveira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança e Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhan Y, Chen J, Wu J, Gu Y, Huang Q, Deng Z, Chen S, Wu X, Lv Y, Zeng Z, Xie J. Human epididymis protein 4 aggravates airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2022; 23:120. [PMID: 35550579 PMCID: PMC9097053 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease characterized by chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) plays a critical role in various inflammatory or fibrotic diseases. However, the role of HE4 in COPD remains unidentified. Methods HE4 expression was determined in the lung tissues from COPD patients and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice using immunohistochemical staining, qPCR, or western blot. The plasma level of HE4 was detected by ELISA. The regulations of HE4 in the expressions of CS extract (CSE)-induced inflammatory cytokines in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) were investigated through knockdown or overexpression of HE4. The role of secretory HE4 (sHE4) in the differentiation and proliferation in human pulmonary fibroblast cells (HPF) was explored via qPCR, western blot, CCK8 assay or 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. The probe of related mechanism in CSE-induced HE4 increase in HBE was conducted by administrating N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Results HE4 was up-regulated in both the lung tissue and plasma of COPD patients relative to controls, and the plasma HE4 was negatively associated with lung function in COPD patients. The same enhanced HE4 expression was verified in CS-exposed mice and CSE-induced HBE, but CSE failed to increase HE4 expression in HPF. In vitro experiments showed that reducing HE4 expression in HBE alleviated CSE-induced IL-6 release while overexpressing HE4 facilitated IL-6 expression, mechanistically through affecting phosphorylation of NFκB-p65, whereas intervening HE4 expression had no distinctive influence on IL-8 secretion. Furthermore, we confirmed that sHE4 promoted fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, as indicated by promoting the expression of fibronectin, collagen I and α-SMA via phosphorylation of Smad2. EdU staining and CCK-8 assay demonstrated the pro-proliferative role of sHE4 in HPF, which was further confirmed by enhanced expression of survivin and PCNA. Pretreatment of NAC in CSE or H2O2-induced HBE mitigated HE4 expression. Conclusions Our study indicates that HE4 may participate in airway inflammation and remodeling of COPD. Cigarette smoke enhances HE4 expression and secretion in bronchial epithelium mediated by oxidative stress. Increased HE4 promotes IL-6 release in HBE via phosphorylation of NFκB-p65, and sHE4 promotes fibroblastic differentiation and proliferation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02040-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinkun Chen
- Department of Science, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jixing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yiya Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhesong Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yongman Lv
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhilin Zeng
- Department and Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Li PF, Lin YJ, Liang YJ, Chen WL. The Association between Human Epididymis Secretory Protein 4 and Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092362. [PMID: 35566488 PMCID: PMC9100000 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are known to have an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a tumor marker and prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) patients. However, no studies have evaluated the association between MetS and HE4 levels. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between HE4 levels and MetS in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001−2002). This cross-sectional analysis assessed all five components of MetS and HE4 levels in 2104 females (age ≥20 years) from the NHANES dataset. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) criteria. The analysis indicated MetS in 593 individuals, and the β coefficient of their HE4 levels was 0.097 (95% CIs, 0.028−0.166, p = 0.006). Specifically, the β coefficients of the HE4 levels of participants with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 features of MetS were 0.072 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.015−0.159), 0.125 (95% CI: 0.030−0.220), 0.161 (95% CI: 0.053−0.270), and 0.242 (95% CI: 0.117−0.368), respectively, and all p values were <0.001. The p-value for the trend was <0.001. There was a significant association between the presence of MetS and HE4 levels. There were positive relationships between HE4 levels and an increased number of MetS components (with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 features of MetS, all p values <0.001). Among the MetS components, low high-density lipoprotein levels and high triglyceride levels were independently associated with HE4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical School, Taipei 114, Taiwan, China;
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Jen Lin
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan, China;
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, China
| | - Yao-Jen Liang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering and Department & Institute of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan, China;
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan, China;
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan, China
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-87923311 (ext. 16567); Fax: +886-2-87927057
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Lotti V, Merigo F, Lagni A, Di Clemente A, Ligozzi M, Bernardi P, Rossini G, Concia E, Plebani R, Romano M, Sbarbati A, Sorio C, Gibellini D. CFTR Modulation Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081347. [PMID: 35456026 PMCID: PMC9028056 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis should be considered at increased risk of developing severe symptoms of COVID-19. Strikingly, a broad array of evidence shows reduced spread of SARS-CoV-2 in these subjects, suggesting a potential role for CFTR in the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection/replication. Here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 replication in wild-type and CFTR-modified human bronchial epithelial cell lines and primary cells to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with cystic fibrosis. Both immortalized and primary human bronchial epithelial cells expressing wt or F508del-CFTR along with CRISPR/Cas9 CFTR-ablated clones were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and samples were harvested before and from 24 to 72 h post-infection. CFTR function was also inhibited in wt-CFTR cells with the CFTR-specific inhibitor IOWH-032 and partially restored in F508del-CFTR cells with a combination of CFTR modulators (VX-661+VX-445). Viral load was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR in both supernatant and cell extracts, and ACE-2 expression was analyzed by both western blotting and flow cytometry. SARS-CoV-2 replication was reduced in CFTR-modified bronchial cells compared with wild-type cell lines. No major difference in ACE-2 expression was detected before infection between wild-type and CFTR-modified cells, while a higher expression in wild-type compared to CFTR-modified cells was detectable at 72 h post-infection. Furthermore, inhibition of CFTR channel function elicited significant inhibition of viral replication in cells with wt-CFTR, and correction of CFTR function in F508del-CFTR cells increased the release of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. Our study provides evidence that CFTR expression/function is involved in the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 replication, thus providing novel insights into the role of CFTR in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lotti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.C.); (M.L.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Flavia Merigo
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Lagni
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.C.); (M.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Andrea Di Clemente
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.C.); (M.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Marco Ligozzi
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.C.); (M.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Giada Rossini
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Ercole Concia
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centre on Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Mario Romano
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centre on Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Claudio Sorio
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.C.); (M.L.); (D.G.)
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