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Yang G, Zhou S, Feng Y, Lang J, Chen Y, Ren H. The Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and the Association Between Hyperuricemia and Age in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders to a General Hospital: A Cross-Section Study. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1467-1477. [PMID: 38645402 PMCID: PMC11032717 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s454670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In clinical work, it has been found that the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) is significantly higher in younger patients with psychiatric disorders, but there are few studies in this area. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of HUA and the relationship between the HUA and age in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders in the real world, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical staff to pay attention to the metabolic indicators of younger patients and for future related studies. Methods This is a cross-sectional evaluation of a cohort of 1761 patients with psychiatric disorders of hospitalized. The categories of disorders designed for study included: Depression, Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, Acute and transient psychotic disorder, Dissociative(conversion) disorders, Conduct disorders and Tic disorders. In addition, based on age, the participants are stratified into three groups. The authors used Kruskal-Wallis tests, chi-square tests, and multiple linear logistic regression to verify the relationship between HUA and age among hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders. Results Overall, the estimated prevalence of HUA was 35.4%. The prevalence of HUA was significantly higher in individuals with 17 years and under compared to those with 45 years and above (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of HUA remained higher at 17 years and under than at 45 years and above. Bipolar disorder can lead to an increased prevalence of HUA (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of HUA was higher in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders, and the prevalence was inversely proportional to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yang
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- The Sixth People’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Feng
- Maternity & Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaran Lang
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huipeng Ren
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao S, Lin Q, Xiong W, Li L, Straub L, Zhang D, Zapata R, Zhu Q, Sun XN, Zhang Z, Funcke JB, Li C, Chen S, Zhu Y, Jiang N, Li G, Xu Z, Wyler SC, Wang MY, Bai J, Han X, Kusminski CM, Zhang N, An Z, Elmquist JK, Osborn O, Liu C, Scherer PE. Hyperleptinemia contributes to antipsychotic drug-associated obesity and metabolic disorders. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade8460. [PMID: 37992151 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade8460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite their high degree of effectiveness in the management of psychiatric conditions, exposure to antipsychotic drugs, including olanzapine and risperidone, is frequently associated with substantial weight gain and the development of diabetes. Even before weight gain, a rapid rise in circulating leptin concentrations can be observed in most patients taking antipsychotic drugs. To date, the contribution of this hyperleptinemia to weight gain and metabolic deterioration has not been defined. Here, with an established mouse model that recapitulates antipsychotic drug-induced obesity and insulin resistance, we not only confirm that hyperleptinemia occurs before weight gain but also demonstrate that hyperleptinemia contributes directly to the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. By suppressing the rise in leptin through the use of a monoclonal leptin-neutralizing antibody, we effectively prevented weight gain, restored glucose tolerance, and preserved adipose tissue and liver function in antipsychotic drug-treated mice. Mechanistically, suppressing excess leptin resolved local tissue and systemic inflammation typically associated with antipsychotic drug treatment. We conclude that hyperleptinemia is a key contributor to antipsychotic drug-associated weight gain and metabolic deterioration. Leptin suppression may be an effective approach to reducing the undesirable side effects of antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Qian Lin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Li
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Leon Straub
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rizaldy Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Sheng 430072, China
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatric, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nisi Jiang
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Guannan Li
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ziying Xu
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Steven C Wyler
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Juli Bai
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Suh SB, Lee N, Kim J, Kim S, Jang S, Park JK, Lee K, Choi SY, Kwon HJ, Lee CH. Metformin ameliorates olanzapine-induced obesity and glucose intolerance by regulating hypothalamic inflammation and microglial activation in female mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906717. [PMID: 36313357 PMCID: PMC9596779 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ), a widely used second-generation antipsychotic drug, is known to cause metabolic side effects, including diabetes and obesity. Interestingly, OLZ-induced metabolic side effects have been demonstrated to be more profound in females in human studies and animal models. Metformin (MET) is often used as a medication for the metabolic side effects of OLZ. However, the mechanisms underlying OLZ-induced metabolic disturbances and their treatment remain unclear. Recent evidence has suggested that hypothalamic inflammation is a key component of the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders. On this background, we conducted this study with the following three objectives: 1) to investigate whether OLZ can independently induce hypothalamic microgliosis; 2) to examine whether there are sex-dependent differences in OLZ-induced hypothalamic microgliosis; and 3) to examine whether MET affects hypothalamic microgliosis. We found that administration of OLZ for 5 days induced systemic glucose intolerance and hypothalamic microgliosis and inflammation. Of note, both hypothalamic microglial activation and systemic glucose intolerance were far more evident in female mice than in male mice. The administration of MET attenuated hypothalamic microglial activation and prevented OLZ-induced systemic glucose intolerance and hypothalamic leptin resistance. Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative that prevents microgliosis, showed similar results when centrally injected. Our findings reveal that OLZ induces metabolic disorders by causing hypothalamic inflammation and that this inflammation is alleviated by MET administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bum Suh
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jaedeok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Saeha Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sooyeon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chan Hee Lee,
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