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Li X, Liang Q, Liu L, Chen S, Li Y, Pu Y. FTO attenuates TNF-α-induced damage of proximal tubular epithelial cells in acute pancreatitis-induced acute kidney injury via targeting AQP3 in an N6-methyladenosine-dependent manner. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2322037. [PMID: 38445367 PMCID: PMC10919303 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2322037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Previous investigations have revealed the involvement of FTO alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in AKI. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the association of FTO and AQP3 on proximal tubular epithelial cell damage in SAP-induced AKI. METHODS An in-vitro AKI model was established in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) HK-2 via tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induction (20 ng/mL), after which FTO and AQP3 expression was manipulated and quantified by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. The viability and apoptosis of PTECs under various conditions, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels within these cells were measured using commercial assay kits and flow cytometry. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and mRNA stability assays were performed to elucidate the mechanism of FTO-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Western blotting was performed to quantify β-catenin protein levels in the PTECs. RESULTS FTO overexpression attenuated the TNF-α-induced decrease in viability and SOD levels, elevated apoptosis, increased levels of ROS and MDA, and diminished TNF-α-induced AQP3 expression and reduced β-catenin expression, but its silencing led to contradictory results. FTO negatively modulates AQP3 levels in RTECs in an m6A-depednent manner and compromises AQP3 stability. In addition, all FTO overexpression-induced effects in TNF-α-induced PTECs were neutralized following AQP3 upregulation. CONCLUSION FTO alleviates TNF-α-induced damage to PTECs in vitro by targeting AQP3 in an m6A-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shujun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Pu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
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Guo Q, Zhang G, Zhou W, Lu Y, Chen X, Deng Z, Li J, Bi H, Wu M, Xie M, Yan Y, Zhang J. m 6A modification of lncRNA PHKA1-AS1 enhances Actinin Alpha 4 stability and promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e547. [PMID: 38764726 PMCID: PMC11099756 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with molecular heterogeneity that is closely related to gene mutations and epigenetic changes. The principal histological subtype of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNA that is without protein coding function, playing a critical role in the progression of cancer. In this research, the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 1 antisense RNA 1 (PHKA1-AS1) in the progression of NSCLC were explored. The increased level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in NSCLC caused the high expression of PHKA1-AS1. Subsequently, high-expressed PHKA1-AS1 significantly facilitated the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells, and these effects could be reversed upon the inhibition of PHKA1-AS1 expression, both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the target protein of PHKA1-AS1 was actinin alpha 4 (ACTN4), which is known as an oncogene. Herein, PHKA1-AS1 could enhance the protein stability of ACTN4 by inhibiting its ubiquitination degradation process, thus exerting the function of ACTN4 in promoting the progress of NSCLC. In conclusion, this research provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the potential mechanism of NSCLC metastasis and searching novel biomarkers related to the pathogenesis and progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao‐Ru Guo
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Guo‐Bin Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Wen‐Min Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Yu Lu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Xin‐Zhu Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Zhuo‐Fen Deng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Jin‐Shuo Li
- School of MedicineShanxi Datong UniversityDatongP.R. China
| | - Hong Bi
- Department of PathologyShanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuanP.R. China
| | - Ming‐Sheng Wu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiP.R. China
| | - Ming‐Ran Xie
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiP.R. China
| | - Yan‐Yan Yan
- School of MedicineShanxi Datong UniversityDatongP.R. China
| | - Jian‐Ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
- The Affiliated Qingyuan HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuanP.R. China
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3
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Hudspeth J, Rogge K, Dörner S, Müll M, Hoffmeister D, Rupp B, Werten S. Methyl transfer in psilocybin biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2709. [PMID: 38548735 PMCID: PMC10978996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin, the natural hallucinogen produced by Psilocybe ("magic") mushrooms, holds great promise for the treatment of depression and several other mental health conditions. The final step in the psilocybin biosynthetic pathway, dimethylation of the tryptophan-derived intermediate norbaeocystin, is catalysed by PsiM. Here we present atomic resolution (0.9 Å) crystal structures of PsiM trapped at various stages of its reaction cycle, providing detailed insight into the SAM-dependent methylation mechanism. Structural and phylogenetic analyses suggest that PsiM derives from epitranscriptomic N6-methyladenosine writers of the METTL16 family, which is further supported by the observation that bound substrates physicochemically mimic RNA. Inherent limitations of the ancestral monomethyltransferase scaffold hamper the efficiency of psilocybin assembly and leave PsiM incapable of catalysing trimethylation to aeruginascin. The results of our study will support bioengineering efforts aiming to create novel variants of psilocybin with improved therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Hudspeth
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Kai Rogge
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Research Group Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dörner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Research Group Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Maximilian Müll
- Research Group Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products, Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Research Group Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rupp
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- k.-k. Hofkristallamt, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Werten
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Yang L, Tang L, Min Q, Tian H, Li L, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Li W, Li X, Chen M, Gu L, Sun Y, Xiao Z, Shen J. Emerging role of RNA modification and long noncoding RNA interaction in cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00734-2. [PMID: 38351139 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
RNA modification, especially N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and N7-methylguanosine methylation, participates in the occurrence and progression of cancer through multiple pathways. The function and expression of these epigenetic regulators have gradually become a hot topic in cancer research. Mutation and regulation of noncoding RNA, especially lncRNA, play a major role in cancer. Generally, lncRNAs exert tumor-suppressive or oncogenic functions and its dysregulation can promote tumor occurrence and metastasis. In this review, we summarize N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and N7-methylguanosine modifications in lncRNAs. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between epigenetic RNA modification and lncRNA interaction and cancer progression in various cancers. Therefore, this review gives a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which RNA modification affects the progression of various cancers by regulating lncRNAs, which may shed new light on cancer research and provide new insights into cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qi Min
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Shao C, Han Y, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Gong T, Zhang Y, Tian X, Fang M, Han X, Li M. Targeting key RNA methylation enzymes to improve the outcome of colorectal cancer chemotherapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:17. [PMID: 38131226 PMCID: PMC10783943 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation modifications are closely linked to tumor development, migration, invasion and responses to various therapies. Recent studies have shown notable advancements regarding the roles of RNA methylation in tumor immunotherapy, the tumor microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming. However, research on the association between tumor chemoresistance and N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferases in specific cancer types is still scarce. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Conventional chemotherapy remains the predominant treatment modality for CRC and chemotherapy resistance is the primary cause of treatment failure. The expression levels of m6A methyltransferases, including methyltransferase‑like 3 (METTL3), METTL14 and METTL16, in CRC tissue samples are associated with patients' clinical outcomes and chemotherapy efficacy. Natural pharmaceutical ingredients, such as quercetin, have the potential to act as METTL3 inhibitors to combat chemotherapy resistance in patients with CRC. The present review discussed the various roles of different types of key RNA methylation enzymes in the development of CRC, focusing on the mechanisms associated with chemotherapy resistance. The progress in the development of certain inhibitors is also listed. The potential of using natural remedies to develop antitumor medications that target m6A methylation is also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyun Shao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
- No. 3 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Han
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
- No. 3 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
- No. 3 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
- No. 3 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokang Tian
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Fang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Han
- School of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
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Xu Q, Ren N, Ren L, Yang Y, Pan J, Shang H. RNA m6A methylation regulators in liver cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:1. [PMID: 38166832 PMCID: PMC10763310 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and a primary cause of cancer-related death. In recent years, despite the great development of diagnostic methods and targeted therapies for liver cancer, the incidence and mortality of liver cancer are still on the rise. As a universal post-transcriptional modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification accomplishes a dynamic and reversible m6A modification process, which is executed by three types of regulators, methyltransferases (called writers), demethylases (called erasers) and m6A-binding proteins (called readers). Many studies have shown that m6A RNA methylation has an important impact on RNA metabolism, whereas its regulation exception is bound up with the occurrence of human malignant tumors. Aberrant methylation of m6A RNA and the expression of related regulatory factors may be of the essence in the pathogenesis and progression of liver cancer, yet the precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we review the current research situations of m6A methylation in liver cancer. Among the rest, we detail the mechanism by which methyltransferases, demethylases and m6A binding proteins regulate the occurrence and development of liver cancer by modifying mRNA. As well as the potential effect of m6A regulators in hepatocarcinogenesis and progression. New ideas and approaches will be given to the prevention and treatment of liver cancer through the following relevant research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoping Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanqi Ren
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibei Yang
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongkai Shang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of the Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gynecology, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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7
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Xu X, Zhao J, Yang M, Han L, Yuan X, Chi W, Jiang J. The emerging roles of N6-methyladenosine RNA modifications in thyroid cancer. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:475. [PMID: 37915103 PMCID: PMC10621220 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most predominant malignancy of the endocrine system, with steadily growing occurrence and morbidity worldwide. Although diagnostic and therapeutic methods have been rapidly developed in recent years, the underlying molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of TC remain enigmatic. The N6-methyladenosine(m6A) RNA modification is designed to impact RNA metabolism and further gene regulation. This process is intricately regulated by a variety of regulators, such as methylases and demethylases. Aberrant m6A regulators expression is related to the occurrence and development of TC and play an important role in drug resistance. This review comprehensively analyzes the effect of m6A methylation on TC progression and the potential clinical value of m6A regulators as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Xu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lutuo Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science, No. 33 of West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Chi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science, No. 33 of West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
| | - Jiakang Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science, No. 33 of West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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8
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Li G, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu H, Fu J, Zhao Y, Huang Y. METTL3-mediated m6A modification of pri-miR-148a-3p affects prostate cancer progression by regulating TXNIP. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2377-2390. [PMID: 37449729 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer (PCa) severely affects men's health worldwide. The mechanism of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in affecting PCa development by regulating miR-148a-3p expression via N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification was investigated. METHODS METTL3, miR-148a-3p, and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) levels were determined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The m6A modification level of miR-148a-3p was observed by Me-RIP assay. Bioinformatics website predicted miR-148a-3p and TXNIP levels in PCa and their correlation, and the binding site between them was verified by dual-luciferase assay. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of PCa cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry. A transplanted tumor model was established in nude mice to observe the tumor growth ability, followed by determination of TXNIP levels in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS METTL3 interference restrained the proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis of PCa cells. METTL3 up-regulated miR-148a-3p by promoting the m6A modification of pri-miR-148a-3p in PCa cells. miR-148a-3p overexpression nullified the inhibitory actions of silencing METTL3 on PCa cell growth. miR-148a-3p facilitated PCa cell growth by silencing TXNIP. METTL3 interference inhibited tumor growth by down-regulating miR-148a-3p and up-regulating TXNIP. CONCLUSION METTL3 promoted miR-148a-3p by mediating the m6A modification of pri-miR-148a-3p, thereby targeting TXNIP, interfering with METTL3 to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells, promote apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanqi Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhan Fu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanqiao Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Shukla V, Tyagi A. Editorial: DNA & RNA methylation: impact on cancer progression. Front Genet 2023; 14:1293897. [PMID: 37829279 PMCID: PMC10565510 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1293897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Shukla
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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10
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Hu J, Lin H, Wang C, Su Q, Cao B. METTL14‑mediated RNA methylation in digestive system tumors. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:86. [PMID: 37539726 PMCID: PMC10555478 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is one of the most common post‑transcriptional modification mechanism in eukaryotes. m6A is involved in almost all stages of the mRNA life cycle, specifically regulating its stability, splicing, export and translation. Methyltransferase‑like 14 (METTL14) is a particularly important m6A methylation 'writer' that can recognize RNA substrates. METTL14 has been documented to improve the activity and catalytic efficiency of METTL3. However, as individual proteins they can also regulate different biological processes. Malignancies in the digestive system are some of the most common malignancies found in humans, which are typically associated with poor prognoses with limited clinical solutions. METTL14‑mediated methylation has been implicated in both the potentiation and inhibition of digestive system tumor growth, cell invasion and metastasis, in addition to drug resistance. In the present review, the research progress and regulatory mechanisms of METTL14‑mediated methylation in digestive system malignancies were summarized. In addition, future research directions and the potential for its clinical application were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Haishan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Roles of RNA Methylations in Cancer Progression, Autophagy, and Anticancer Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044225. [PMID: 36835633 PMCID: PMC9959100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA methylations play critical roles in RNA processes, including RNA splicing, nuclear export, nonsense-mediated RNA decay, and translation. Regulators of RNA methylations have been shown to be differentially expressed between tumor tissues/cancer cells and adjacent tissues/normal cells. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification of RNAs in eukaryotes. m6A regulators include m6A writers, m6A demethylases, and m6A binding proteins. Since m6A regulators play important roles in regulating the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, targeting m6A regulators can be a strategy for developing anticancer drugs. Anticancer drugs targeting m6A regulators are in clinical trials. m6A regulator-targeting drugs could enhance the anticancer effects of current chemotherapy drugs. This review summarizes the roles of m6A regulators in cancer initiation and progression, autophagy, and anticancer drug resistance. The review also discusses the relationship between autophagy and anticancer drug resistance, the effect of high levels of m6A on autophagy and the potential values of m6A regulators as diagnostic markers and anticancer therapeutic targets.
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12
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Kang J, Xiang X, Chen X, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Li L, Tang J. Angiogenesis-related gene signatures reveal the prognosis of cervical cancer based on single cell sequencing and co-expression network analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1086835. [PMID: 36712973 PMCID: PMC9877352 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1086835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks first in female reproductive tract tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality. Yet the curative effect of patients with persistent, recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer remains unsatisfactory. Although antitumor angiogenic drugs have been recommended as the first-line treatment options for cervical cancer, there are no comprehensive prognostic indicators for cervical cancer based on angiogenic signature genes. In this study, we aimed to develop a model to assess the prognosis of cervical cancer based on angiogenesis-related (AG) signature genes, and to provide some reference for the comprehensive treatment of cervical cancer in the clinical setting. First we screened the AG gene set from GeneCard website, and then performed angiogenesis-related scores (AGS) per cell from single cell sequencing dataset GSE168652, followed by performing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for cervical cancer patients according to angiogenesis phenotype. Thus, we established a prognostic model based on AGS by taking the intersection of WGCNA angiogenic module gene and differential gene (DEGs) of GSE168652. The GSE44001 was selected as an external validation set, followed by performing ROC curve analysis to assess its accuracy. The results showed that we successfully constructed a prognostic model related to the AG genes. Patients in the high-AGS group in both the train, test and the validation sets had a worse prognosis than those in the low-AGS group, had lower expression of most immune checkpoint-associated genes and lower tumor mutational burden as well. Patients in the low-AGS group were more sensitive to AMG.706, Bosutinib, and Lenalidomide while Imatinib, Pazopanib, and Sorafenib were more recommended to patients in the high-AGS group. Finally, TXNDC12 and ZC3H13, which have high hazard ratio and poor prognosis in the model, were highly expressed in cervical cancer cell lines and tissue. Meanwhile, the results showed that TXNDC12 promoted the migration of cervical cancer cells and the tubule-forming ability of endothelial cells. In conclusion, our model based on genes with AG features can effectively assess the prognosis of cervical cancer, and can also provide reference for clinicians to choose immune-related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; Lesai Li, ; Jie Tang,
| | - Lesai Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; Lesai Li, ; Jie Tang,
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; Lesai Li, ; Jie Tang,
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Li Z, Lin Y, Mao L, Zhang L. Expression characteristics of circular RNA in human traumatic brain injury. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1086553. [PMID: 36712438 PMCID: PMC9874311 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1086553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes high rates of worldwide mortality and morbidity due to the complex secondary injury cascade. Recently, circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) have attracted significant attention in a variety of diseases. However, their expression characteristics in human TBI are still unclear. In this study, we examined brain injury tissues from six severe TBI patients in Jinling Hospital. The TBI tissues and adjacent brain contusion tissues were used to analyze differential expression signatures of circRNAs through full-length transcriptome sequencing, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and ceRNA network construction. Our results found that there were 126 differently expressed circRNAs in TBI. Among them, 64 circRNAs were up-regulated and 62 circRNAs were down-regulated. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the aberrantly expressed circRNAs participated in many pathophysiological processes of TBI, especially regarding microglial cell activation, protein transport, protein processing and inflammation. Furthermore, the ceRNA (circRNA-miRNA-mRNA) network predicted that there existed strong relationship among circRNA, miRNA and mRNA. Taken together, our results indicated for the first time that the expression profiles of circRNAs were different after human TBI. In addition, we found the signaling pathways that were related to circRNAs and predicted a ceRNA network, which provided new insight of circRNAs in human TBI.
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Identification and validation of RNA methylation-related alternative splicing gene signature for low-grade glioma to predict survival and immune landscapes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:47-62. [PMID: 36528831 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade glioma (LGG) is a crucial pathological type of glioma. The present study aimed to explore multiple RNA methylation regulator-related AS events and investigate their prognostic values in LGG. METHODS The prognostic model for low-grade glioma was established using the LASSO regression analysis. To validate prognostic value, we performed Kaplan-Maier survival analysis, ROC curves and nomograms. The ESTIMATE algorithm, the CIBERSORT algorithm and the ssGSEA algorithm were utilized to explore the role of the immune microenvironment in LGG. Subsequently, we then used GO, KEGG and GSEA enrichment analysis to explore the functional roles of these genes. In addition, we employed the GDSC database to screen potential chemotherapeutic agents. RESULTS Eight RNA methylation related AS events were involved in construct a survival and prognosis model, which had good ability of independent prediction for patients with LGG. Patients in the high-risk group had shorter life expectancy and higher mortality, while patients in the low-risk group had a better prognosis. We constructed a nomogram which showed an excellent predictive performance for individual OS. The risk score exhibited a close correlation with some immune cells and expression of immune checkpoints. Patients in high-risk group were characterized by immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor response to immunotherapy, and were sensitive to more chemotherapeutic drugs. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses further confirmed that significant differences existed in immune landscape between the two subgroups. CONCLUSION The prognostic RNA methylation-related alternative splicing signature constructed could constitute a promising prognostic biomarker, which could serve to optimize treatment regimens.
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Tian M, Mao L, Zhang L. Crosstalk among N6-methyladenosine modification and RNAs in central nervous system injuries. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1013450. [PMID: 36246528 PMCID: PMC9556889 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1013450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke, are the most common cause of death and disability around the world. As the most common modification on ribonucleic acids (RNAs), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has recently attracted great attentions due to its functions in determining the fate of RNAs through changes in splicing, translation, degradation and stability. A large number of studies have suggested that m6A modification played an important role in brain development and involved in many neurological disorders, particularly in CNS injuries. It has been proposed that m6A modification could improve neurological impairment, inhibit apoptosis, suppress inflammation, reduce pyroptosis and attenuate ferroptosis in CNS injuries via different molecules including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Therefore, m6A modification showed great promise as potential targets in CNS injuries. In this article, we present a review highlighting the role of m6A modification in CNS injuries. Hence, on the basis of these properties and effects, m6A modification may be developed as therapeutic agents for CNS injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang,
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Integrative Analysis of N6-Methyladenosine-Related Enhancer RNAs Identifies Distinct Prognosis and Tumor Immune Micro-Environment Patterns in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194657. [PMID: 36230580 PMCID: PMC9563840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has high morbidity and mortality. The interaction between immune cells and tumor cells in the tumor micro-environment is an important factor affecting the tumor progression and prognosis of HNSCC patients. More biomarkers and targets need to be explored to improve patient outcomes. The m6A modification on enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) is associated with the signature of active enhancer, and the function of m6A driving eRNAs in tumor progression has not been reported. In this study, we screened and identified a risk model containing 5 m6A-related eRNA, which can better predict the survival and immunotherapy outcome of patients. The role of m6A-related eRNA in HNSCC cells was verified in vitro. We also combined the risk score and multiple clinical features to construct a nomogram for predicting OS of HNSCC patients, which provides an effective quantitative analysis tool for guiding the personalized precise treatment for patients. Abstract At present, the prognostic value of N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still remains unclear. Our study aims to explore the prognostic value of m6A-related eRNAs in HNSCC patients and their potential significance in immune infiltration and immunotherapy. We constructed a 5 m6A-related eRNAs risk model from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC dataset, using univariate and multivariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Based on the SRAMP website and in vitro experiments, it was verified that these 5 m6A-related eRNAs had m6A sites, the expression of which was regulated by corresponding m6A regulators. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram base on 5 m6A-related eRNAs and confirmed the consistency and robustness of an internal TCGA testing set. Further analysis found that the risk score was positively associated with low overall survival (OS), tumor cell metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, low immune surveillance, lower expression of immune-related genes, and higher expression of targeted genes. Finally, we verified that silencing MIR4435-2HG inhibited HNSCC cell migration and invasion. This study contributes to the understanding of the characteristics of m6A-related eRNAs in HNSCC and provides a reference for effective immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
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The Role of RNA Modification in HIV-1 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147571. [PMID: 35886919 PMCID: PMC9317671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA plays an important role in biology, and more than 170 RNA modifications have been identified so far. Post-transcriptional modification of RNA in cells plays a crucial role in the regulation of its stability, transport, processing, and gene expression. So far, the research on RNA modification and the exact role of its enzymes is becoming more and more comprehensive. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is an RNA virus and the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is one of the most devastating viral pandemics in history. More and more studies have shown that HIV has RNA modifications and regulation of its gene expression during infection and replication. This review focuses on several RNA modifications and their regulatory roles as well as the roles that different RNA modifications play during HIV-1 infection, in order to find new approaches for the development of anti-HIV-1 therapeutics.
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