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Mehta P, Soliman A, Rodriguez-Vera L, Schmidt S, Muniz P, Rodriguez M, Forcadell M, Gonzalez-Perez E, Vozmediano V. Interspecies Brain PBPK Modeling Platform to Predict Passive Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier and Assess Target Site Disposition. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:226. [PMID: 38399280 PMCID: PMC10892872 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The high failure rate of central nervous system (CNS) drugs is partly associated with an insufficient understanding of target site exposure. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability evaluation tools are needed to explore drugs' ability to access the CNS. An outstanding aspect of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models is the integration of knowledge on drug-specific and system-specific characteristics, allowing the identification of the relevant factors involved in target site distribution. We aimed to qualify a PBPK platform model to be used as a tool to predict CNS concentrations when significant transporter activity is absent and human data are sparse or unavailable. Data from the literature on the plasma and CNS of rats and humans regarding acetaminophen, oxycodone, lacosamide, ibuprofen, and levetiracetam were collected. Human BBB permeability values were extrapolated from rats using inter-species differences in BBB surface area. The percentage of predicted AUC and Cmax within the 1.25-fold criterion was 85% and 100% for rats and humans, respectively, with an overall GMFE of <1.25 in all cases. This work demonstrated the successful application of the PBPK platform for predicting human CNS concentrations of drugs passively crossing the BBB. Future applications include the selection of promising CNS drug candidates and the evaluation of new posologies for existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsshava Mehta
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Amira Soliman
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Leyanis Rodriguez-Vera
- Model Informed Development, CTI Laboratories, Covington, KY 41011, USA; (L.R.-V.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Paula Muniz
- Model Informed Development, CTI Laboratories, Covington, KY 41011, USA; (L.R.-V.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Monica Rodriguez
- Model Informed Development, CTI Laboratories, Covington, KY 41011, USA; (L.R.-V.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Marta Forcadell
- Neuraxpharm Pharmaceuticals SL, Clinical Research and Evidence-Generation Science, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (E.G.-P.)
| | - Emili Gonzalez-Perez
- Neuraxpharm Pharmaceuticals SL, Clinical Research and Evidence-Generation Science, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (E.G.-P.)
| | - Valvanera Vozmediano
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Model Informed Development, CTI Laboratories, Covington, KY 41011, USA; (L.R.-V.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
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Zamir A, Alqahtani F, Rasool MF. Chronic kidney disease and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: a critical review of existing models. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:95-105. [PMID: 38270999 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2311154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a paradigm shift in this era for determining the exposure of drugs in pediatrics, geriatrics, and patients with chronic diseases where clinical trials are difficult to conduct. AREAS COVERED This review has collated data regarding published PBPK models on chronic kidney disease (CKD), including the drug and system-specific input model parameters and model evaluation criteria. Four databases were used from 13th June 2023 to 10th July 2023 for identifying the relevant studies that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Alterations in plasma protein (albumin/alpha-1 acid glycoprotein), gastric emptying time, hematocrit, small intestinal transit time, the abundance of cytochrome (CYP) 450 enzymes, glomerular filtration rate, and physicochemical parameters for different drugs were explicitly elaborated from earlier reported studies. Moreover, model evaluation depicted that models in CKD for most of the included drugs were within the allowed two-fold error range. EXPERT OPINION This review will provide insights for researchers on applying PBPK models in managing patients with different levels of CKD to prevent undesirable side effects and increase the effectiveness of drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Zamir
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Universi-ty, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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