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Søberg S, Löfgren J, Philipsen FE, Jensen M, Hansen AE, Ahrens E, Nystrup KB, Nielsen RD, Sølling C, Wedell-Neergaard AS, Berntsen M, Loft A, Kjær A, Gerhart-Hines Z, Johannesen HH, Pedersen BK, Karstoft K, Scheele C. Altered brown fat thermoregulation and enhanced cold-induced thermogenesis in young, healthy, winter-swimming men. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100408. [PMID: 34755128 PMCID: PMC8561167 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Scandinavian winter-swimming culture combines brief dips in cold water with hot sauna sessions, with conceivable effects on body temperature. We study thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) in experienced winter-swimming men performing this activity 2–3 times per week. Our data suggest a lower thermal comfort state in the winter swimmers compared with controls, with a lower core temperature and absence of BAT activity. In response to cold, we observe greater increases in cold-induced thermogenesis and supraclavicular skin temperature in the winter swimmers, whereas BAT glucose uptake and muscle activity increase similarly to those of the controls. All subjects demonstrate nocturnal reduction in supraclavicular skin temperature, whereas a distinct peak occurs at 4:30–5:30 a.m. in the winter swimmers. Our data leverage understanding of BAT in adult human thermoregulation, suggest both heat and cold acclimation in winter swimmers, and propose winter swimming as a potential strategy for increasing energy expenditure. Winter swimmers have a lower core temperature at a thermal comfort state than controls Winter swimmers had no BAT glucose uptake at a thermal comfort state Winter swimmers have higher cold-induced thermogenesis than control subjects Human supraclavicular skin temperature varies with a diurnal rhythm
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Søberg
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Johan Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Frederik E Philipsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Michal Jensen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Adam E Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Esben Ahrens
- Department of Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristin B Nystrup
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Rune D Nielsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Christine Sølling
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Marianne Berntsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Annika Loft
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Helle H Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Sanchez-Delgado G, Alcantara JMA, Acosta FM, Martinez-Tellez B, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Merchan-Ramirez E, Löf M, Labayen I, Ravussin E, Ruiz JR. Energy Expenditure and Macronutrient Oxidation in Response to an Individualized Nonshivering Cooling Protocol. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:2175-2183. [PMID: 32985119 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation response to an individualized nonshivering cold exposure in young healthy adults. METHODS Two different groups of 44 (study 1: 22.1 [SD 2.1] years old, 25.6 [SD 5.2] kg/m2 , 34% men) and 13 young healthy adults (study 2: 25.6 [SD 3.0] years old, 23.6 [SD 2.4] kg/m2 , 54% men) participated in this study. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and macronutrient oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry under fasting conditions in a warm environment (for 30 minutes) and in mild cold conditions (for 65 minutes, with the individual wearing a water-perfused cooling vest set at an individualized temperature adjusted to the individual's shivering threshold). RESULTS In study 1, EE increased in the initial stage of cold exposure and remained stable for the whole cold exposure (P < 0.001). Mean cold-induced thermogenesis (9.56 ± 7.9 kcal/h) was 13.9% ± 11.6% of the RMR (range: -14.8% to 39.9% of the RMR). Carbohydrate oxidation decreased during the first 30 minutes of the cold exposure and later recovered up to the baseline values (P < 0.01) in parallel to opposite changes in fat oxidation (P < 0.01). Results were replicated in study 2. CONCLUSIONS A 1-hour mild cold exposure individually adjusted to elicit maximum nonshivering thermogenesis induces a very modest increase in EE and a shift of macronutrient oxidation that may underlie a shift in thermogenic tissue activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elisa Merchan-Ramirez
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Women and Men Use Different Strategies to Stabilize the Head in Response to Impulsive Loads: Implications for Concussion Injury Risk. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019; 49:779-786. [PMID: 31092121 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical musculoskeletal and neuromuscular attributes, which may vary between men and women, influence an individual's capacity to stabilize the head. OBJECTIVES To examine sex differences in cervical musculoskeletal and neuromuscular attributes and their impact on head stability. The secondary objective was to examine the effects of anticipation and preload on head kinematics. METHODS Thirty-four (20 men, 14 women) recreationally active adult athletes completed a perturbation protocol with anticipation and preloading conditions in this descriptive cross-sectional study. We assessed the neuromuscular response of the sternocleidomastoid to perturbation and head kinematics. We measured neck girth, sternocleidomastoid physiological cross-sectional area, and isometric strength. RESULTS Women had smaller neck girth, smaller sternocleidomastoid physiological cross-sectional area, and lower isometric strength than men. Women had greater baseline electromyography (EMG) amplitude and greater peak EMG response than men. There were no sex differences in sternocleidomastoid onset latency or head kinematics. Women had a greater increase in baseline EMG amplitude after preloading and anticipated conditions. Preloading attenuated sex differences in muscle onset latency. Across the sexes, there was a significant main effect of anticipation on head kinematics. CONCLUSION Men and women used different strategies to stabilize the head, and responded differently to the preloading and anticipation conditions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(11):779-786. Epub 15 May 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8760.
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Coolbaugh CL, Damon BM, Bush EC, Welch EB, Towse TF. Cold exposure induces dynamic, heterogeneous alterations in human brown adipose tissue lipid content. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13600. [PMID: 31537877 PMCID: PMC6753098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue undergoes a dynamic, heterogeneous response to cold exposure that can include the simultaneous synthesis, uptake, and oxidation of fatty acids. The purpose of this work was to quantify these changes in brown adipose tissue lipid content (fat-signal fraction (FSF)) using fat-water magnetic resonance imaging during individualized cooling to 3 °C above a participant's shiver threshold. Eight healthy men completed familiarization, perception-based cooling, and MRI-cooling visits. FSF maps of the supraclavicular region were acquired in thermoneutrality and during cooling (59.5 ± 6.5 min). Brown adipose tissue regions of interest were defined, and voxels were grouped into FSF decades (0-10%, 10-20%…90-100%) according to their initial value. Brown adipose tissue contained a heterogeneous morphology of lipid content. Voxels with initial FSF values of 60-100% (P < 0.05) exhibited a significant decrease in FSF while a simultaneous increase in FSF occurred in voxels with initial FSF values of 0-30% (P < 0.05). These data suggest that in healthy young men, cold exposure elicits a dynamic and heterogeneous response in brown adipose tissue, with areas initially rich with lipid undergoing net lipid loss and areas of low initial lipid undergoing a net lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Coolbaugh
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bruce M Damon
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Emily C Bush
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - E Brian Welch
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Theodore F Towse
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State, Allendale, MI, USA
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Lu H, Wang N, Li X, Huang Y, Wang J, Zhao Q. Identification of New Potent Human Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) Agonists Using Virtual Screening and
in vitro
Approaches. Mol Inform 2019; 38:e1900030. [PMID: 31264791 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Yuan Lu
- Department of Life Science and BiochemistryShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
- Department of PharmacyGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang 110840 China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Life Science and BiochemistryShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Life Science and BiochemistryShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Life Science and BiochemistryShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of EducationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Qing‐Chun Zhao
- Department of Life Science and BiochemistryShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
- Department of PharmacyGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang 110840 China
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