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Lafuente E, Duneau D, Beldade P. Genetic basis of variation in thermal developmental plasticity for Drosophila melanogaster body pigmentation. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17294. [PMID: 38366327 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal differences in insect pigmentation are attributed to the influence of ambient temperature on pigmentation development. This thermal plasticity is adaptive and heritable, and thereby capable of evolving. However, the specific genes contributing to the variation in plasticity that can drive its evolution remain largely unknown. To address this, we analysed pigmentation and pigmentation plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster. We measured two components of pigmentation in the thorax and abdomen: overall darkness and the proportion of length covered by darker pattern elements (a trident in the thorax and bands in the abdomen) in females from two developmental temperatures (17 or 28°C) and 191 genotypes. Using a GWAS approach to identify the genetic basis of variation in pigmentation and its response to temperature, we identified numerous dispersed QTLs, including some mapping to melanogenesis genes (yellow, ebony, and tan). Remarkably, we observed limited overlap between QTLs for variation within specific temperatures and those influencing thermal plasticity, as well as minimal overlap between plasticity QTLs across pigmentation components and across body parts. For most traits, consistent with selection favouring the retention of plasticity, we found that lower plasticity alleles were often at lower frequencies. The functional analysis of selected candidate QTLs and pigmentation genes largely confirmed their contributions to variation in pigmentation and/or pigmentation plasticity. Overall, our study reveals the existence and underlying basis of extensive and trait-specific genetic variation for pigmentation and pigmentation plasticity, offering a rich reservoir of raw material for natural selection to shape the evolution of these traits independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lafuente
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - D Duneau
- UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Beldade
- cE3c (Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes) & CHANGE (Global Change and Sustainability Institute), FCUL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Freoa L, Chevin LM, Christol P, Méléard S, Rera M, Véber A, Gibert JM. Drosophilids with darker cuticle have higher body temperature under light. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3513. [PMID: 36864153 PMCID: PMC9981618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuticle pigmentation was shown to be associated with body temperature for several relatively large species of insects, but it was questioned for small insects. Here we used a thermal camera to assess the association between drosophilid cuticle pigmentation and body temperature increase when individuals are exposed to light. We compared mutants of large effects within species (Drosophila melanogaster ebony and yellow mutants). Then we analyzed the impact of naturally occurring pigmentation variation within species complexes (Drosophila americana/Drosophila novamexicana and Drosophila yakuba/Drosophila santomea). Finally we analyzed lines of D. melanogaster with moderate differences in pigmentation. We found significant differences in temperatures for each of the four pairs we analyzed. The temperature differences appeared to be proportional to the differently pigmented area: between Drosophila melanogaster ebony and yellow mutants or between Drosophila americana and Drosophila novamexicana, for which the whole body is differently pigmented, the temperature difference was around 0.6 °C ± 0.2 °C. By contrast, between D. yakuba and D. santomea or between Drosophila melanogaster Dark and Pale lines, for which only the posterior abdomen is differentially pigmented, we detected a temperature difference of about 0.14 °C ± 0.10 °C. This strongly suggests that cuticle pigmentation has ecological implications in drosophilids regarding adaptation to environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Freoa
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, UMR 7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, MAP5, Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Luis-Miguel Chevin
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Christol
- UMR5214, CNRS, Institut d'électronique et des systèmes, Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Méléard
- CMAP, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, France et Institut Universitaire de France, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Michael Rera
- Inserm UMR U1284, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (CRI Paris), 8 bis Rue Charles V, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Véber
- CNRS, MAP5, Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gibert
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, UMR 7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France.
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3
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Sramkoski LL, McLaughlin WN, Cooley AM, Yuan DC, John A, Wittkopp PJ. Genetic architecture of a body colour cline in Drosophila americana. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2840-2854. [PMID: 32603541 PMCID: PMC7482988 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic variation within a species is often structured geographically in clines. In Drosophila americana, a longitudinal cline for body colour exists within North America that appears to be due to local adaptation. The tan and ebony genes have been hypothesized to contribute to this cline, with alleles of both genes that lighten body colour found in D. americana. These alleles are similar in sequence and function to the allele fixed in D. americana's more lightly pigmented sister species, Drosophila novamexicana. Here, we examine the frequency and geographic distribution of these D. novamexicana-like alleles in D. americana. Among alleles from over 100 strains of D. americana isolated from 21 geographic locations, we failed to identify additional alleles of tan or ebony with as much sequence similarity to D. novamexicana as the D. novamexicana-like alleles previously described. However, using genetic analysis of 51 D. americana strains derived from 20 geographic locations, we identified one new allele of ebony and one new allele of tan segregating in D. americana that are functionally equivalent to the D. novamexicana allele. An additional 5 alleles of tan also showed marginal evidence of functional similarity. Given the rarity of these alleles, however, we conclude that they are unlikely to be driving the pigmentation cline. Indeed, phenotypic distributions of the 51 backcross populations analysed indicate a more complex genetic architecture, with diversity in the number and effects of loci altering pigmentation observed both within and among populations of D. americana. This genetic heterogeneity poses a challenge to association studies and genomic scans for clinal variation, but might be common in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley N. McLaughlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Arielle M. Cooley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - David C. Yuan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
| | - Alisha John
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
| | - Patricia J. Wittkopp
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
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Alwaneen WS, Husain M, Rasool KG, Alwatban MA, Salman S, Shaheen FA, Alduailij MA, Aldawood AS. Prediction of survival ratios of Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) different life stages after treated with ultraviolet radiation in dates. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1358-1363. [PMID: 31762596 PMCID: PMC6864215 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Date palm, is a tree of economic importance which is grown around the world, including Saudi Arabia. Its fruit is nutritious and possesses medicinal benefits. Almond moth, is a serious date fruits pest in the field as well as in the storage and causes severe economic losses. In the given research, ultraviolet radiation type B (UV-B, 315 nm) harmful effects were evaluated against all developmental stages of C. cautella. One and 3-d-old eggs, 12 and 18-d-old larvae, 1-d and 6-d-old pupae, and 1-d-old adults, were exposed to UV-B for different intervals. Eggs were exposed for 0–30 min and 0% hatchability was achieved both for 1-d and 3-d-old eggs after 30 min. The larvae were exposed for 6–24 h, and after 24 h, mortality was 100 and 97% for 12 and 18-d-old larvae, respectively. Similarly, the pupae were exposed for 0–30 h, and 100% mortality was achieved after 30 h for 1-d-old pupae. Furthermore, none of the 6-d-old pupae emerged as an adult after 12 h of exposure. When adults were exposed for 1–4 d, no mortality was observed; however, UV-B reduced fecundity and hatchability in the treated adults. The susceptibility order was as follows: eggs > larvae > pupae > adults. Several uncharacteristic behaviors of C. cautella were noted, such as females depositing eggs openly on food items and containers, mature larvae exiting from food, larvae starting to wander for pupation, and pupation occurring typically outside the food. The application of UV-B could be an effective management strategy because all developmental stages of C. cautella were susceptible to UV-B that might be helpful to protect the dates from C. cautella infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S. Alwaneen
- National Center for Agricultural Technology (NCAT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mureed Husain
- Economic Entomology Research Unit, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Khawaja G. Rasool
- Economic Entomology Research Unit, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad A. Alwatban
- National Center for Agricultural Technology (NCAT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehzad Salman
- Economic Entomology Research Unit, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A. Shaheen
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, P.O. Box 46300, Pakistan
| | - Mona A. Alduailij
- Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 8957, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Aldawood
- Economic Entomology Research Unit, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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