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Feng Y, Wang J, Fan W, Huang B, Qin Z, Tian Z, Geng Y, Huang X, Ouyang P, Chen D, Lai W. Exploitation of multiple host-derived nutrients by the yellow catfish epidermal environment facilitates Vibrio mimicus to sustain infection potency and susceptibility. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109707. [PMID: 38885802 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Infection with Vibrio mimicus in the Siluriformes has demonstrated a rapid and high infectivity and mortality rate, distinct from other hosts. Our earlier investigations identified necrosis, an inflammatory storm, and tissue remodeling as crucial pathological responses in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) infected with V. mimicus. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the impact linking these pathological responses within the host during V. mimicus infection. Employing metabolomics and transcriptomics, we uncovered infection-induced dense vacuolization of perimysium; Several genes related to nucleosidase and peptidase activities were significantly upregulated in the skin and muscles of infected fish. Concurrently, the translation processes of host cells were impaired. Further investigation revealed that V. mimicus completes its infection process by enhancing its metabolism, including the utilization of oligopeptides and nucleotides. The high susceptibility of yellow catfish to V. mimicus infection was associated with the composition of its body surface, which provided a microenvironment rich in various nucleotides such as dIMP, dAMP, deoxyguanosine, and ADP, in addition to several amino acids and peptides. Some of these metabolites significantly boost V. mimicus growth and motility, thus influencing its biological functions. Furthermore, we uncovered an elevated expression of gangliosides on the surface of yellow catfish, aiding V. mimicus adhesion and increasing its infection risk. Notably, we observed that the skin and muscles of yellow catfish were deficient in over 25 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as Eicosapentaenoic acid, 12-oxo-ETE, and 13-Oxo-ODE. These substances play a role in anti-inflammatory mechanisms, possibly contributing to the immune dysregulation observed in yellow catfish. In summary, our study reveals a host immune deviation phenomenon that promotes bacterial colonization by increasing nutrient supply. It underscores the crucial factors rendering yellow catfish highly susceptible to V. mimicus, indicating that host nutritional sources not only enable the establishment and maintenance of infection within the host but also aid bacterial survival under immune pressure, ultimately completing its lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- NeiJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, Sichuan, 641000, China
| | - Bowen Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenyang Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
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Li X, Chen T, Wu X, Li Z, Zhang X, Jiang X, Luo P, Hu C, Wong NK, Ren C. Evolutionarily Ancient Caspase-9 Sensitizes Immune Effector Coelomocytes to Cadmium-Induced Cell Death in the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927880. [PMID: 35911686 PMCID: PMC9330033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy-metal pollution has increasingly jeopardized the habitats of marine organisms including the sea cucumber, a seafloor scavenger vital to seawater bio-decontamination, ocean de-acidification and coral-reef protection. Normal physiology including immune functions of sea cucumbers is toxicologically modulated by marine metal pollutants such as cadmium (Cd). The processes underpinning Cd's toxic effects on immune systems in the sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota, are still poorly understood. To this end, we cloned and characterized a full-length caspase-9 (Hl-CASP9) cDNA in the sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota. Hl-CASP9 mRNA levels evolved dynamically during embryonic development. Coelomocytes, a type of phagocytic immune effectors central to H. leucospilota immunity, were found to express Hl-CASP9 mRNA most abundantly. Hl-CASP9 protein structurally resembles caspases-2 and -9 in both invertebrate and vertebrate species, comprising a CARD domain and a CASc domain. Remarkably, Hl-CASP9 was transcriptionally sensitive to abiotic oxidative stress inducers including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (•NO) and cadmium (Cd), but insensitive to immunostimulants including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and poly(I:C). Overexpression of Hl-CASP9 augmented mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HEK293T cells, while knock-down of Hl-CASP9 blunted Cd-induced coelomocyte apoptosis in vivo. Overall, we illustrate that an evolutionarily ancient caspase-9-dependent pathway exists to sensitize coelomocytes to premature cell death precipitated by heavy metal pollutants, with important implications for negative modulation of organismal immune response in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Zhuobo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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Ma X, Bi Q, Kong Y, Xu H, Liang M, Mai K, Zhang Y. Dietary lipid levels affected antioxidative status, inflammation response, apoptosis and microbial community in the intestine of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 264:111118. [PMID: 34793954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A nine-week feeding trial was conducted to comprehensively investigate the effects of different levels of dietary lipid on intestinal physiology of juvenile turbot. Three diets with different lipid levels (8%, 12% and 16%) were formulated, which were designated as the low-lipid group (LL), medium-lipid group (ML) and high-lipid group (HL), respectively. Each diet was fed to six replicate tanks, and each tank was stocked with 35 fish. The results revealed that medium dietary lipid (12%) increased the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes and brush border enzymes. Excessive dietary lipid (16%) decreased the intestinal antioxidative enzyme levels and increased the lipid peroxidation pressure. In addition, HL stimulated the occurrence of intestinal inflammation and significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Dietary LL and HL induced the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Sequencing of bacterial 16 s rRNA V4 region indicated that the abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora in fish fed with medium lipid diet (12%) were significantly higher than those in other groups, indicating the intestinal microflora ecology in group ML was more balanced. MetaStat analysis indicated that both low- and high-lipid diets significantly reduced the relative abundance of intestinal beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, results of this study demonstrated the sensitivity of intestinal health and microbiota to dietary lipid levels. From the perspective of microecological balance, medium dietary lipid (12%) was more conducive to maintaining the intestinal microflora stability of turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingzhu Bi
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yaoyao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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He Y, Zhao T, Chen F, Song C, Zhong C, Luo Z. Functional Analysis of the Promoter Regions of Two Apoptosis-Related Genes ( Bcl-2 and Cycs) and Their Regulation by Zn in Yellow Catfish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126291. [PMID: 34208159 PMCID: PMC8230946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and cytochrome c (Cycs) are two important proteins relevant to cellular apoptosis. In this study, we characterized the functions of the promoter regions of two apoptosis-related genes, Bcl-2 and Cycs, in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. We obtained a 1989 bp Bcl-2 promoter and an 1830 bp Cycs promoter and predicted several key transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) on the promoters, such as Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3), forkhead box O (FOXO), metal-responsive element (MRE) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF-1α). Zinc (Zn) increased the activities of the Bcl-2 promoter but decreased the activities of the Cycs promoter. Metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) and HNF-1α directly bound with Bcl-2 and Cycs promoters, and they positively regulated the activity of the Bcl-2 promoter but negatively regulated the activity of the Cycs promoter. Zn promoted the binding ability of HNF-1α to the Bcl-2 promoter but decreased its binding ability to the Cycs promoter. However, Zn had no significant effect on the binding capability of MTF-1 to the regions of Bcl-2 and Cycs promoters. Zn upregulated the mRNA and total protein expression of Bcl-2 but downregulated the mRNA and total protein expression of Cycs. At the same time, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that Zn significantly reduced the apoptosis of primary hepatocytes. For the first time, our study provides evidence for the MRE and HNF-1α response elements on the Bcl-2 and Cycs promoters, offering new insight into the mechanism by which Zn affects apoptosis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhi Luo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-2113; Fax: +86-27-8728-2114
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