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Ilchuk LA, Kubekina MV, Okulova YD, Silaeva YY, Tatarskiy VV, Filatov MA, Bruter AV. Genetically Engineered Mice Unveil In Vivo Roles of the Mediator Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119330. [PMID: 37298278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediator complex is a multi-subunit protein complex which plays a significant role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription. It provides a platform for the interaction of transcriptional factors and RNA polymerase II, thus coupling external and internal stimuli with transcriptional programs. Molecular mechanisms underlying Mediator functioning are intensively studied, although most often using simple models such as tumor cell lines and yeast. Transgenic mouse models are required to study the role of Mediator components in physiological processes, disease, and development. As constitutive knockouts of most of the Mediator protein coding genes are embryonically lethal, conditional knockouts and corresponding activator strains are needed for these studies. Recently, they have become more easily available with the development of modern genetic engineering techniques. Here, we review existing mouse models for studying the Mediator, and data obtained in corresponding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Ilchuk
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Kubekina
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia D Okulova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Tatarskiy
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A Filatov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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Ku T, Ren Z, Yang R, Liu QS, Sang N, Faiola F, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Abnormal neural differentiation in response to graphene quantum dots through histone modification interference. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107572. [PMID: 36228552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been broadly applied in biomedicine in recent years, and their environmental exposure and toxicological impacts have raised increasing concerns. The nanosafety assessment on the nervous system is one of the most important aspects, and potential effects of GQDs on neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanism are still elusive. In this study, the neural developmental toxicities of OH-GQDs and NH2-GQDs were investigated using the mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The results revealed that OH-GQDs significantly inhibited the ectoderm development, and reduced the neural precursor formation and neurogenesis during the neural differentiation of the mESCs. The exploration on the mechanism uncovered that the increased enrichment of H3K27me3 at the promoter region of the Smad6 gene was involved in histone modification-activated BMP signal pathway, which consequently influenced its regulatory effects on neural differentiation. Additionally, OH-GQDs elicited a stronger effect on inducing the imbalance of histone modification, and resulted in higher latency of neural differentiation disturbance than did NH2-GQDs, suggesting surface functionalization-specific effects of GQDs on neurodevelopmental toxicity. This study would provide new insights in not only the adverse effects of GQDs on neurodevelopment, but also the influence from the chemical modification of GQDs on their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hernandez I, Hayward JJ, Brockman JA, White ME, Mouttham L, Wilcox EA, Garrison S, Castelhano MG, Loftus JP, Gomes FE, Balkman C, Brooks MB, Fiani N, Forman M, Kern T, Kornreich B, Ledbetter EC, Peralta S, Struble AM, Caligiuri L, Corey E, Lin L, Jordan J, Sack D, Boyko AR, Lyons LA, Todhunter RJ. Complex Feline Disease Mapping Using a Dense Genotyping Array. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:862414. [PMID: 35782544 PMCID: PMC9244801 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.862414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current feline genotyping array of 63 k single nucleotide polymorphisms has proven its utility for mapping within breeds, and its use has led to the identification of variants associated with Mendelian traits in purebred cats. However, compared to single gene disorders, association studies of complex diseases, especially with the inclusion of random bred cats with relatively low linkage disequilibrium, require a denser genotyping array and an increased sample size to provide statistically significant associations. Here, we undertook a multi-breed study of 1,122 cats, most of which were admitted and phenotyped for nine common complex feline diseases at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals. Using a proprietary 340 k single nucleotide polymorphism mapping array, we identified significant genome-wide associations with hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis. These results provide genomic locations for variant discovery and candidate gene screening for these important complex feline diseases, which are relevant not only to feline health, but also to the development of disease models for comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jessica J. Hayward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jessica J. Hayward
| | - Jeff A. Brockman
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Topeka, KS, United States
| | - Michelle E. White
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Vertebrate Genomics Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lara Mouttham
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Wilcox
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Susan Garrison
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Marta G. Castelhano
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - John P. Loftus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Filipe Espinheira Gomes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl Balkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Marjory B. Brooks
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nadine Fiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Marnin Forman
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, CT, United States
| | - Tom Kern
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Bruce Kornreich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Eric C. Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Angela M. Struble
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lisa Caligiuri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Corey
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lin Lin
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Julie Jordan
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Danny Sack
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Adam R. Boyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Leslie A. Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rory J. Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Dash S, Bhatt S, Falcon KT, Sandell LL, Trainor PA. Med23 Regulates Sox9 Expression during Craniofacial Development. J Dent Res 2020; 100:406-414. [PMID: 33155500 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520969109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of craniofacial birth defects are multifactorial and include both genetic and environmental factors. Despite the identification of numerous genes associated with congenital craniofacial anomalies, our understanding of their etiology remains incomplete, and many affected individuals have an unknown genetic diagnosis. Here, we show that conditional loss of a Mediator complex subunit protein, Med23 in mouse neural crest cells (Med23fx/fx;Wnt1-Cre), results in micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate, mimicking the phenotype of Pierre Robin sequence. Sox9 messenger RNA and protein levels are both upregulated in neural crest cell-derived mesenchyme surrounding Meckel's cartilage and in the palatal shelves in Med23fx/fx;Wnt1-Cre mutant embryos compared to controls. Consistent with these observations, we demonstrate that Med23 binds to the promoter region of Sox9 and represses Sox9 expression in vitro. Interestingly, Sox9 binding to β-catenin is enhanced in Med23fx/fx;Wnt1-Cre mutant embryos, which, together with downregulation of Col2a1 and Wnt signaling target genes, results in decreased proliferation and altered jaw skeletal differentiation and cleft palate. Altogether, our data support a cell-autonomous requirement for Med23 in neural crest cells, potentially linking the global transcription machinery through Med23 to the etiology and pathogenesis of craniofacial anomalies such as micrognathia and cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dash
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - S Bhatt
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - K T Falcon
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - L L Sandell
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - P A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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