1
|
Birgül Iyison N, Abboud C, Abboud D, Abdulrahman AO, Bondar AN, Dam J, Georgoussi Z, Giraldo J, Horvat A, Karoussiotis C, Paz-Castro A, Scarpa M, Schihada H, Scholz N, Güvenc Tuna B, Vardjan N. ERNEST COST action overview on the (patho)physiology of GPCRs and orphan GPCRs in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38825750 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell surface receptors that play a critical role in nervous system function by transmitting signals between cells and their environment. They are involved in many, if not all, nervous system processes, and their dysfunction has been linked to various neurological disorders representing important drug targets. This overview emphasises the GPCRs of the nervous system, which are the research focus of the members of ERNEST COST action (CA18133) working group 'Biological roles of signal transduction'. First, the (patho)physiological role of the nervous system GPCRs in the modulation of synapse function is discussed. We then debate the (patho)physiology and pharmacology of opioid, acetylcholine, chemokine, melatonin and adhesion GPCRs in the nervous system. Finally, we address the orphan GPCRs, their implication in the nervous system function and disease, and the challenges that need to be addressed to deorphanize them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Necla Birgül Iyison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Bogazici, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Clauda Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Jülich, Germany
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zafiroula Georgoussi
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anemari Horvat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christos Karoussiotis
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Alba Paz-Castro
- Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs research group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Miriam Scarpa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bilge Güvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong W, Zeng X, Wang H, Tan X, Tian Y, Hu H, Ashrafizadeh M, Sethi G, Huang H, Duan C. PGC-1α loss promotes mitochondrial protein lactylation in acetaminophen-induced liver injury via the LDHB-lactate axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107228. [PMID: 38810904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected people worldwide, and fever is one of the major symptoms of this disease. Although Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common fever-reducing medication, it can also mediate liver injury. However, the role of PGC-1α in regulating mitochondrial quality control by lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), a vital enzyme catalyzing the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, is unclear. Here, gene expression omnibus data of patients with APAP-induced liver injury were used to explore gene expression profiles. AML12 cells and C57/BL6 mice were used to establish models of APAP-induced acute liver injury. SIRT1 and PGC-1α were overexpressed in vitro via lentiviral transfection to establish stable cell lines. The results showed that APAP treatment decreased SIRT1/PGC-1α/LDHB expression and increased protein lactylation, mitochondrial lactate levels, and pathological damage in liver mitochondria. PGC-1α upregulation or activation ameliorated APAP-induced damage in the cells and liver. Furthermore, PGC-1α overexpression increased LDHB synthesis, reduced lactylation, and induced a switch from lactate to pyruvate production. These results suggest that PGC-1α and LDHB play a role in APAP-induced liver injury by regulating mitochondrial quality control and lactate metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, the PGC-1α/LDHB axis is a potential therapeutic target for APAP-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China; Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Houping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Xuxin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Yu Tian
- Research Center, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou 516008, PR China
| | - Hongtao Hu
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical Univerisity, Weifang, Shandong 261000, PR China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Chenyang Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Zheng J, Liu SY, Hou LL, Zhang B, Tian SW. Acute Administration of Lactate Exerts Antidepressant-like Effect Through cAMP-dependent Protein Synthesis. Neuroscience 2024; 542:11-20. [PMID: 38336096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Lactate acts as an important metabolic substrate and signalling molecule modulating neural activities in the brain, and recent preclinical and clinical studies have revealed its antidepressant effect after acute or chronic peripheral administration. However, the neural mechanism underlying the antidepressant effect of lactate, in particular when lactate is acutely administered remains largely unknown. In the current study, we focused on forced swimming test (FST) to elucidate the neural mechanisms through which acute intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of lactate exerts antidepressant-like effect. A total of 238 male Sprague Dawley rats were used as experimental subjects. Results showed lactate produced antidepressant-like effect, as indicated by reduced immobility, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the antidepressant-like effect of lactate was dependent of new protein synthesis but not new gene expression, lactate's metabolic effect or hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activation. Furthermore, lactate rapidly promoted dephosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein synthesis in the hippocampus in a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent manner. Finally, inhibition of cAMP production blocked the antidepressant-like effect of lactate. These findings suggest that acute administration of lactate exerts antidepressant-like effect through cAMP-dependent protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China; Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Shi-Yan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Li-Li Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Shao-Wen Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu L, Liu L, Lu Y, Zhang T, Zhao W. GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (GDI1) attenuates β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's diseases. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137564. [PMID: 38013121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-Amyloid (Aβ) induced neurotoxicity is an implicated mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study focused on the role of GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (GDI1) in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Data from the GEO database for AD-related datasets GSE140829, GSE63061, GSE36980, and GSE60360 were downloaded and identified common differentially expressed genes (coDEGs). The mRNA levels of GDI1 in the serum of AD patients were analyzed by RT-qPCR. ROC curve evaluated the diagnostic value. Aβ25-35 induced SH-SY5Y cells to construct an AD cell model. CCK-8, flow cytometry, and ELISA assay were used to analyze cell viability, apoptosis, and concentrations of inflammatory factors. KEGG enrichment was employed to analyze the signal pathway of targets from GDI1 in the AD. RESULTS The GEO database identifies coDEGs including GDI1. GDI1 is generally elevated in serum from AD patients as well as in Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells. GDI1 has 77.97% sensitivity and 84.44% specificity to identify AD patients from controls. Aβ induced decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and promoted over-secretion of inflammatory cytokines, but they were all partially weakened by reduced GDI1. What's more, the GDI1 interacting gene and AD target gene were co-enriched on Endocytosis and MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Elevated GDI1 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD and that inhibition of GDI1 attenuates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD. Our study offers new horizons for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Department of Neurology, Science and Technology Innovation Park of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150028, China.
| | - Luran Liu
- Department of Neurology, Science and Technology Innovation Park of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150028, China
| | - Yunting Lu
- Department of Neurology, Science and Technology Innovation Park of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150028, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Science and Technology Innovation Park of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150028, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Science and Technology Innovation Park of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150028, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akter M, Hasan M, Ramkrishnan AS, Iqbal Z, Zheng X, Fu Z, Lei Z, Karim A, Li Y. Astrocyte and L-lactate in the anterior cingulate cortex modulate schema memory and neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. eLife 2023; 12:e85751. [PMID: 37960975 PMCID: PMC10645423 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte-derived L-lactate was shown to confer beneficial effects on synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. However, how astrocytic Gi signaling in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) modulates L-lactate levels and schema memory is not clear. Here, using chemogenetic approach and well-established behavioral paradigm, we demonstrate that astrocytic Gi pathway activation in the ACC causes significant impairments in flavor-place paired associates (PAs) learning, schema formation, and PA memory retrieval in rats. It also impairs new PA learning even if a prior associative schema exists. These impairments are mediated by decreased L-lactate in the ACC due to astrocytic Gi activation. Concurrent exogenous L-lactate administration bilaterally into the ACC rescues these impairments. Furthermore, we show that the impaired schema memory formation is associated with a decreased neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis caused by decreased L-lactate level in the ACC upon astrocytic Gi activation. Our study also reveals that L-lactate-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis is dependent on monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) and NMDA receptor activity - discovering a previously unrecognized signaling role of L-lactate. These findings expand our understanding of the role of astrocytes and L-lactate in the brain functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mastura Akter
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Aruna Surendran Ramkrishnan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Xianlin Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Zhongqi Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Zhuogui Lei
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Anwarul Karim
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong SARChina
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su J, Zheng Z, Bian C, Chang S, Bao J, Yu H, Xin Y, Jiang X. Functions and mechanisms of lactylation in carcinogenesis and immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253064. [PMID: 37646027 PMCID: PMC10461103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As critical executors regulating many cellular operations, proteins determine whether living activities can be performed in an orderly and efficient manner. Precursor proteins are inert and must be modified posttranslationally to enable a wide range of protein types and functions. Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are well recognized as being directly associated with carcinogenesis and immune modulation and have emerged as important targets for cancer detection and treatment. Lactylation (Kla), a novel PTM associated with cellular metabolism found in a wide range of cells, interacts with both histone and nonhistone proteins. Unlike other epigenetic changes, Kla has been linked to poor tumor prognosis in all current studies. Histone Kla can affect gene expression in tumors and immunological cells, thereby promoting malignancy and immunosuppression. Nonhistone proteins can also regulate tumor progression and treatment resistance through Kla. In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of Kla in the onset and progression of cancers, metabolic reprogramming, immunosuppression, and intestinal flora regulation to identify new molecular targets for cancer therapy and provide a new direction for combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenbin Bian
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Chang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jindian Bao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huiyuan Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zorec R, Vardjan N. Adrenergic regulation of astroglial aerobic glycolysis and lipid metabolism: Towards a noradrenergic hypothesis of neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106132. [PMID: 37094775 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a key factor in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, an increasing and challenging problem of the modern world. The most commonly diagnosed cognitive decline is related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathophysiology of which is poorly understood. Several hypotheses have been proposed. The cholinergic hypothesis is the oldest, however, recently the noradrenergic system has been considered to have a role as well. The aim of this review is to provide evidence that supports the view that an impaired noradrenergic system is causally linked to AD. Although dementia is associated with neurodegeneration and loss of neurons, this likely develops due to a primary failure of homeostatic cells, astrocytes, abundant and heterogeneous neuroglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The many functions that astrocytes provide to maintain the viability of neural networks include the control of ionic balance, neurotransmitter turnover, synaptic connectivity and energy balance. This latter function is regulated by noradrenaline, released from the axon varicosities of neurons arising from the locus coeruleus (LC), the primary site of noradrenaline release in the CNS. The demise of the LC is linked to AD, whereby a hypometabolic CNS state is observed clinically. This is likely due to impaired release of noradrenaline in the AD brain during states of arousal, attention and awareness. These functions controlled by the LC are needed for learning and memory formation and require activation of the energy metabolism. In this review, we address first the process of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, highlighting the function of astrocytes. Cholinergic and/or noradrenergic deficits lead to impaired astroglial function. Then, we focus on adrenergic control of astroglial aerobic glycolysis and lipid droplet metabolism, which play a protective role but also promote neurodegeneration under some circumstances, supporting the noradrenergic hypothesis of cognitive decline. We conclude that targeting astroglial metabolism, glycolysis and/or mitochondrial processes may lead to important new developments in the future when searching for medicines to prevent or even halt cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Effects of Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure on Brain Metabolic Homeostasis in Adulthood: Implications for Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021156. [PMID: 36674678 PMCID: PMC9866429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since depression produces a long-term negative impact on quality of life, understanding the pathophysiological changes implicated in this disorder is urgent. There is growing evidence that demonstrates a key role for dysfunctional energy metabolism in driving the onset of depression; thus, bioenergetic alterations should be extensively studied. Brain metabolism is known to be a glucocorticoid-sensitive process, but the long-lasting consequences in adulthood following high levels of glucocorticoids at the early stages of life are unclear. We examined a possible association between brain energetic changes induced by synthetic glucocorticoid-dexamethasone treatment in the prenatal period and depressive-like behavior. The results show a reduction in the oxidative phosphorylation process, Krebs cycle impairment, and a weakening of the connection between the Krebs cycle and glycolysis in the frontal cortex of animals receiving dexamethasone, which leads to ATP reduction. These changes appear to be mainly due to decreased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase, impairment of lactate transport to neurons, and pyruvate to the mitochondria. Acute stress in adulthood only slightly modified the observed alterations in the frontal cortex, while in the case of the hippocampus, prenatal exposure to dexamethasone made this structure more sensitive to future adverse factors.
Collapse
|
9
|
Paz AA, González-Candia A. Potential pharmacological target of tight junctions to improve the BBB permeability in neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic encephalopathy Diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115356. [PMID: 36455671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a pathological condition that describes a neurocognitive malfunction in the newborn that arises from fetal, peripartum, or intrapartum events of multifactorial nature, having a poor prognosis and accounting for an incidence of 5-8 per 1000 live births. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most studied paradigms of NE, caused by a scarce cerebral perfusion and oxygen supply during perinatal life. The cerebral hypoxic-ischemic insult promotes a loss of permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an essential structural intermediary of blood-brain communication. This permeability disruption is associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines, an increase of adhesion molecules, and oxidative stress which disturb the tight junction (TJ) performance and enable transcytosis and paracellular leakage, ultimately leading to death from brain cells. In this context, TJs proteins are essential to preserving the barrier mechanical stability and signaling that modulates the brain-blood vessel multicellular domains, known as neurovascular units (NVU). Recent studies have proposed different strategies with neuroprotective effects that allow for maintaining or restoring the integrity and permeability of the BBB. This review identifies and discusses regulator mechanisms and novel aspects of TJs in the BBB disruption induced by cerebral hypoxic insults during the perinatal period, evaluating potential pharmacological strategies to safeguard BBB integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo A Paz
- Institute of Health Sciences, University O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gold OMS, Bardsley EN, Ponnampalam AP, Pauza AG, Paton JFR. Cellular basis of learning and memory in the carotid body. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:902319. [PMID: 36046221 PMCID: PMC9420943 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.902319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The carotid body is the primary peripheral chemoreceptor in the body, and critical for respiration and cardiovascular adjustments during hypoxia. Yet considerable evidence now implicates the carotid body as a multimodal sensor, mediating the chemoreflexes of a wide range of physiological responses, including pH, temperature, and acidosis as well as hormonal, glucose and immune regulation. How does the carotid body detect and initiate appropriate physiological responses for these diverse stimuli? The answer to this may lie in the structure of the carotid body itself. We suggest that at an organ-level the carotid body is comparable to a miniature brain with compartmentalized discrete regions of clustered glomus cells defined by their neurotransmitter expression and receptor profiles, and with connectivity to defined reflex arcs that play a key role in initiating distinct physiological responses, similar in many ways to a switchboard that connects specific inputs to selective outputs. Similarly, within the central nervous system, specific physiological outcomes are co-ordinated, through signaling via distinct neuronal connectivity. As with the brain, we propose that highly organized cellular connectivity is critical for mediating co-ordinated outputs from the carotid body to a given stimulus. Moreover, it appears that the rudimentary components for synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory are conserved in the carotid body including the presence of glutamate and GABAergic systems, where evidence pinpoints that pathophysiology of common diseases of the carotid body may be linked to deviations in these processes. Several decades of research have contributed to our understanding of the central nervous system in health and disease, and we discuss that understanding the key processes involved in neuronal dysfunction and synaptic activity may be translated to the carotid body, offering new insights and avenues for therapeutic innovation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali MH, Alshamrani AA, Briski KP. Hindbrain lactate regulation of hypoglycemia-associated patterns of catecholamine and metabolic-sensory biomarker gene expression in A2 noradrenergic neurons innervating the male versus female ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 122:102102. [PMID: 35483611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Caudal hindbrain A2 noradrenergic neurons provide critical metabolic-sensory input to the brain glucostatic circuitry. In males, insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH)-associated patterns of A2 cell dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DβH) protein expression reflect diminution of the oxidizable fuel L-lactate, yet DβH exhibits sex-dimorphic responses to IIH. Here, retrograde tracing and combinatory single-cell laser-microdissection/multiplex qPCR techniques were used to examine whether lactate imposes sex-specific control of hypoglycemia-associated metabolic-sensory function and noradrenergic neurotransmission in A2 neurons that innervate the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN), a key glucose-regulatory structure. VMN-projecting A2 neurons from each sex were characterized by presence or absence of nuclear glucokinase regulatory protein (nGKRP) immunoreactivity (-ir). IIH caused lactate-reversible up- or down-regulation of DβH mRNA in male and female nGKRP-ir-positive A2 neurons, respectively, and stimulated glucokinase (GCK) and sulfonylurea receptor-1 (SUR-1) gene expression in these cells in each sex. Hypoglycemia did not alter DβH, GCK, and SUR-1 transcript profiles in nGKRP-ir-negative male or female A2 neurons innervating the VMN. Estrogen receptor (ER) gene profiles in nGKRP-ir-positive neurons showed sex-specific [ER-alpha; G-protein-coupled estrogen-receptor-1 (GPER)] or sex-monomorphic (ER-beta) transcriptional responses to IIH. Fewer ER gene profiles were affected by IIH in nGKRP-ir-negative A2 neurons from male or female rats. Results show that during IIH, VMN-projecting A2 neurons may deliver altered, sex-dependent (nGKRP-positive) or unaffected (nGKRP-negative) noradrenergic input to the VMN. In each sex, metabolic-sensory gene profiles were reactive to hypoglycemia in nGKRP-ir-positive, not -negative A2 cells. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of GKRP in transduction of metabolic imbalance into noradrenergic signaling, and to determine if input by one or more ER variants establishes sex differences in DβH transcriptional sensitivity to IIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Haider Ali
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Ayed A Alshamrani
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Karen P Briski
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nakashima A, Nakashima N, Nakashima K, Takano M. Olfactory receptor 78 is expressed in hypothalamic vasopressin/oxytocin neurons, parenchymal microglia and choroidal macrophages in mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:29. [PMID: 35379313 PMCID: PMC8981654 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors have been detected in extraolfactory organs. Olfactory receptor 78 (Olfr78), proposed to respond to small organic acids, is widely expressed in the kidney, arterioles, colon, and prostate. However, its expression patterns in the brain remain largely unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we revealed that Olfr78 was densely expressed in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus and sparsely expressed throughout the parenchyma. By costaining with cellular markers, we further found that Olfr78 was expressed in the somata and axons of vasopressin/oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular/supraoptic nuclei. Olfr78 was also strongly expressed in macrophages in the choroid plexus and moderately expressed in microglia near the parenchymal vasculature. Considering that these brain regions should communicate with cerebral blood flow, Olfr78 could contribute to sensing the humoral conditions surrounding the cerebrovascular system.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pathophysiology of Lipid Droplets in Neuroglia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010022. [PMID: 35052526 PMCID: PMC8773017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence regarding the functional importance of lipid droplets (LDs), cytoplasmic storage organelles in the central nervous system (CNS), has emerged. Although not abundantly present in the CNS under normal conditions in adulthood, LDs accumulate in the CNS during development and aging, as well as in some neurologic disorders. LDs are actively involved in cellular lipid turnover and stress response. By regulating the storage of excess fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramides in addition to their subsequent release in response to cell needs and/or environmental stressors, LDs are involved in energy production, in the synthesis of membranes and signaling molecules, and in the protection of cells against lipotoxicity and free radicals. Accumulation of LDs in the CNS appears predominantly in neuroglia (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), which provide trophic, metabolic, and immune support to neuronal networks. Here we review the most recent findings on the characteristics and functions of LDs in neuroglia, focusing on astrocytes, the key homeostasis-providing cells in the CNS. We discuss the molecular mechanisms affecting LD turnover in neuroglia under stress and how this may protect neural cell function. We also highlight the role (and potential contribution) of neuroglial LDs in aging and in neurologic disorders.
Collapse
|