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Wójcik W, Świder O, Łukasiewicz-Mierzejewska M, Damaziak K, Riedel J, Marzec A, Wójcicki M, Roszko M, Niemiec J. Content of amino acids and biogenic amines in stored meat as a result of a broiler diet supplemented with β-alanine and garlic extract. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103319. [PMID: 38141274 PMCID: PMC10874766 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is a highly esteemed product among consumers. However, the emphasis on increasing body weight has led to a rise in the proportion of rapidly shrinking fibers, adversely affecting the quality and shelf life of poultry meat. With a growing awareness of dietetics among consumers, there is an increasing challenge to produce chicken meat that is not only free of antibiotics but also beneficial for dietary and health reasons. Biogenic amines (BA) can serve as indicators of meat freshness and quality. While they play vital roles in the body, excessive consumption of BA can have toxic and carcinogenic effects. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of supplementing feed with garlic extract and β-alanine (β-Ala) on the formation of BA and amino acid (AA) levels in the breast and leg muscles of chickens stored under aerobic chilling conditions. The muscles were obtained from chickens fed with garlic extract and β-Ala in quantities of 0.5 and 2% for each additive, as well as 0.5 and 2% of their combination. Analyses were conducted on d 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 of storage. β-Ala supplementation increased the proportion of this AA in breast (P < 0.01) and leg muscles (P < 0.01), along with a rise in the proportion of nonessential AA (NEAA; sum of aspartic, aspartic acid, glutamic, glutamic acid, serine, β-Ala, and proline) (P < 0.01). The levels of BA changed during storage in breast and leg muscles (P < 0.001). The applied diet significantly influenced the formation of putrescine (P = 0.030), phenylethylamine (P = 0.003), agmatine (P = 0.025), and total BA (P < 0.001) in breast muscles. On the 10 d of storage, the breast muscles exhibited the lowest BA index (BAI) in the group, with a diet supplemented with 0.5% garlic extract and 0.5% β-Ala (P < 0.05). The leg muscles showed a similar BA trend as the breast muscles. These supplements may be utilized in production to augment the protein content of chicken muscles and potentially decrease the BAI index during meat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wójcik
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Damaziak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Riedel
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Marzec
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Roszko
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Niemiec
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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Shen Y, Zhang J, Gui H, Wang H, Li Y, Zhang J, Cao S, Zhong J, Qian Y, Meng C. Effect of Garlic Straw with Silage Corn Stalks on Hu Sheep Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Community In Vitro. Metabolites 2023; 13:1201. [PMID: 38132883 PMCID: PMC10744859 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic, an important economic crop, provides nutrient-rich straw. When appropriately balanced with silage corn stalks, it is a high-quality forage resource. However, studies on the impact of garlic straw with silage corn stalks on Hu sheep's digestive metabolism and rumen microbiota are scarce. In this study, different addition ratios of garlic straw and silage corn stalks were utilized for in vitro experiments. We designed six experimental groups (CON, G0, G20, G40, G60, G80, and G100) based on varying ratios of garlic straw to silage corn stalks. Rumen microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. Nutrient composition analysis indicated that garlic straw's relative feeding value (RFV) closely resembled that of silage corn stalks. After 24 h of fermentation, dry matter digestibility and in vitro gas production significantly increased, reaching peak values at a 60% addition ratio. Furthermore, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acid exhibited elevated contents, with the highest yields observed at 60% inclusion. At the genus level, Prevotella, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Succiniclasticum were identified as the dominant bacterial groups. The gas production test showed a significant decrease in the G80 group compared to others. Microbial analysis revealed a higher abundance of Prevotella in G80 compared to G20, offering valuable insights for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant animals. Finally, this study predicted the impact of garlic straw with silage corn stalks' addition on Hu sheep's metabolic pathways and biological functions of the rumen microbiota. This research highlights the potential for effectively utilizing garlic straw as a feed resource for Hu sheep and proposes a rational proportion for combining garlic straw with silage corn stalks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongbing Gui
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yinxia Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shaoxian Cao
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jifeng Zhong
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yong Qian
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chunhua Meng
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
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Fotschki J, Ogrodowczyk AM, Wróblewska B, Juśkiewicz J. Side Streams of Vegetable Processing and Its Bioactive Compounds Support Microbiota, Intestine Milieu, and Immune System. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114340. [PMID: 37298819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The industry of vegetable processing generates large amounts of by-products, which often emerge seasonally and are susceptible to microbial degradation. Inadequate management of this biomass results in the loss of valuable compounds that are found in vegetable by-products that can be recovered. Considering the possibility of using waste, scientists are trying to reuse discarded biomass and residues to create a product of higher value than those processed. The by-products from the vegetable industry can provide an added source of fibre, essential oils, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and bioactive compounds, such as phenolics. Many of these compounds have bioactive properties, such as antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity, which could be used, especially in the prevention or treatment of lifestyle diseases connected with the intestinal milieu, including dysbiosis and immune-mediated diseases resulting in inflammation. This review summarises the key aspects of the health-promoting value of by-products and their bioactive compounds derived from fresh or processed biomass and extracts. In this paper, the relevance of side streams as a source of beneficial compounds with the potential for promoting health is considered, particularly their impact on the microbiota, immune system, and gut milieu because all of these fields interact closely to affect host nutrition, prevent chronic inflammation, and provide resistance to some pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fotschki
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna M Ogrodowczyk
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Wróblewska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Effects of Kadsura coccinea L. Fruit Extract on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Immunity, Antioxidant, Intestinal Morphology and Flora of White-Feathered Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010093. [PMID: 36611702 PMCID: PMC9817888 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether adding Kadsura coccinea fruit extract to the diet of broilers could replace antibiotics. For this study, 300 one-day-old AA white feathered broilers were divided into five groups (no sex separated), with six repetitions per group (n = 10), as follows: blank control group (basal feed, CK group), positive drug (basal feed + 300 mg/kg aureomycin, PD group), and Kadsura coccinea low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups (basal feed + 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg of Kadsura coccinea fruit extract, LD group, MD group and HD group). The experiment period was divided into early (1−21 days) and late (22−42 days) stage. We found that supplementation with Kadsura coccinea fruit extract in the diet significantly improved the growth performance of broilers (p < 0.05), reduced the feed to meat ratio (p < 0.05), reduced the fat percentage (p < 0.05), while had no significant effect on meat quality (p > 0.05) and Kadsura coccinea fruit extract could promote the development of immune organs to different extents, enhance antioxidant capacity, the contents of SOD and GSH-Px in serum were significantly increased (p < 0.05), improve the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. Finally, Kadsura coccinea fruit extract increased the relative abundance of probiotics and beneficial bacteria (Bacteroidales, NK4A214, Subdoligranulum and Eubacterium hallii) (p < 0.05) and reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Erysipelatoclostridium) (p < 0.05) in the gut of broilers. Compared with positive drug group, most of the indexes in the medium-dose group were better or had similar effects. We believe that Kadsura coccinea fruit extract can be used as a potential natural antibiotic substitute in livestock and poultry breeding programs.
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Janocha A, Milczarek A, Kosmalski M, Gajownik-Mućka P, Radzikowski D. Effect of Feed Additives Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Gastrointestinal Tract Characteristics, and Carcass Composition in Turkey Hens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243464. [PMID: 36552383 PMCID: PMC9774150 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to increase growth performance and carcass composition, including meat quality, as demanded by modern customers, alternative feed additives are sought after as a result of the withdrawal of antibiotics employed as growth promoters in poultry feeding. Therefore, we conducted a study to see how effective three feed additives added to the diets and water of turkey hens were. The experiment consisted of 200 Big 6 turkey hens divided into two equinumerous groups (C and E), with five subgroups in each. The 14-week-long growth performance study comprised five feeding periods. Both groups of birds were fed complete feed rations with mineral and vitamin supplements. The factor differentiating the groups were effective microorganisms and Humokarbowit added to the birds' diets and garlic extract added to the drinking water in the experimental group (E) only. It was demonstrated that the included feed additives in the diets and water of turkey hens significantly increased (by 10%) the FBW and decreased (by 14%) the FCR throughout the rearing period. Birds from the E group scored significantly higher (by 3.6%) on the dressing percentage, and their muscularity and fattening grade were improved. Turkey fed rations containing the evaluated feed additives had a smaller share of the gastrointestinal tract in the body weight and a shorter duodenum and caecum (p ≤ 0.05). The muscles of turkey hens from group E featured a lower pH24 and were of lighter colour (p ≤ 0.05). To sum up, the use of effective microorganisms and Humokarbowit in the diets and garlic extract in the drinking water of turkey hens should be recommended in view of improved growth performance and carcass composition.
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