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Cropano C, Place I, Manzanares C, Do Canto J, Lübberstedt T, Studer B, Thorogood D. Characterization and practical use of self-compatibility in outcrossing grass species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:841-852. [PMID: 33755100 PMCID: PMC8225281 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-incompatibility (SI) systems prevent self-fertilization in several species of Poaceae, many of which are economically important forage, bioenergy and turf grasses. Self-incompatibility ensures cross-pollination and genetic diversity but restricts the ability to fix useful genetic variation. In most inbred crops it is possible to develop high-performing homozygous parental lines by self-pollination, which then enables the creation of F1 hybrid varieties with higher performance, a phenomenon known as heterosis. The inability to fully exploit heterosis in outcrossing grasses is partially responsible for lower levels of improvement in breeding programmes compared with inbred crops. However, SI can be overcome in forage grasses to create self-compatible populations. This is generating interest in understanding the genetical basis of self-compatibility (SC), its significance for reproductive strategies and its exploitation for crop improvement, especially in the context of F1 hybrid breeding. SCOPE We review the literature on SI and SC in outcrossing grass species. We review the currently available genomic tools and approaches used to discover and characterize novel SC sources. We discuss opportunities barely explored for outcrossing grasses that SC facilitates. Specifically, we discuss strategies for wide SC introgression in the context of the Lolium-Festuca complex and the use of SC to develop immortalized mapping populations for the dissection of a wide range of agronomically important traits. The germplasm available is a valuable practical resource and will aid understanding the basis of inbreeding depression and hybrid vigour in key temperate forage grass species. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the genetic control of additional SC loci offers new insight into SI systems, their evolutionary origins and their reproductive significance. Heterozygous outcrossing grass species that can be readily selfed facilitate studies of heterosis. Moreover, SC introduction into a range of grass species will enable heterosis to be exploited in innovative ways in genetic improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cropano
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Deutsche Saatveredelung AG, Lippstadt, Germany
| | - Iain Place
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Chloé Manzanares
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Do Canto
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), 4500 Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | | | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Thorogood
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Tannenbaum I, Rodoni B, Spangenberg G, Mann R, Sawbridge T. An Assessment of the Lolium perenne (Perennial Ryegrass) Seedborne Microbiome across Cultivars, Time, and Biogeography: Implications for Microbiome Breeding. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061205. [PMID: 34199453 PMCID: PMC8228030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the bacterial component of the seed microbiome has been intensifying, with the aim of understanding its structure and potential for exploitation. We previously studied the intergenerational seed microbiome of one cultivar of perennial ryegrass with and without one strain of the commercially deployed fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii. The work described here expands on our previous study by exploring the bacterial seed microbiome of different commercial cultivar/Epichloë festucae var. lolii combinations in collections of single seeds from the harvest year 2016. In this dataset, a cultivar effect could be seen between the seed microbiomes from cultivars Alto and Trojan. The bacterial component of the seed microbiome from pooled seeds from a single cultivar/E. festucae var. lolii combination harvested from 13 seed production farms around Canterbury in the year 2018 was also studied. This dataset allows the effect of different production locations on the bacterial seed microbiome to be examined. By comparing the two sets of data, bacteria from the genera Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Duganella, Massilia, and an unknown Enterobacteriaceae were observed to be in common. This core bacterial microbiome was stable over time but could be affected by supplemental taxa derived from the growth environment of the parental plant; differing microbiomes were seen between different seed production farms. By comparison to a collection of bacterial isolates, we demonstrated that many of the members of the core microbiome were culturable. This allows for the possibility of exploiting these microbes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Tannenbaum
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (B.R.); (G.S.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Brendan Rodoni
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (B.R.); (G.S.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - German Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (B.R.); (G.S.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Ross Mann
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (B.R.); (G.S.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tim Sawbridge
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (B.R.); (G.S.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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Slatter LM, Barth S, Manzanares C, Velmurugan J, Place I, Thorogood D. A new genetic locus for self-compatibility in the outcrossing grass species perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:715-722. [PMID: 32856713 PMCID: PMC8103805 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-incompatibility (SI) is a physiological mechanism that many flowering plants employ to prevent self-fertilization and maintain heterozygosity. In the grass family this is known to be controlled by a two locus (S-Z) system; however, the SI system is intrinsically leaky. Modifier genes of both the S and Z loci and a further locus, T, are known to override SI leading to self-fertilization and self-seed production. This has implications for the ecological and evolutionary success as well as the commercial breeding of grasses. Here we report a study where the genetic control of self-compatibility (SC) was determined from the results of self-pollinating an F2 population of perennial ryegrass from two independently derived inbred lines produced by single-seed descent. METHODS In vitro self-pollinations of 73 fertile plants were analysed. A genetic association analysis was made with a panel of 1863 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, generated through genotype-by-sequencing methodology. Markers were placed on a recombination map of seven linkage groups (LGs) created using Joinmap v.5. The seed set on self- and open-pollinated inflorescences was determined on 143 plants, including the 73 plants analysed for self-pollination response. KEY RESULTS Self-pollinations revealed a bimodal distribution of percentage SC with peaks at 50 and 100 %. A single quantitative trait locus (QTL) was identified with peak association for marker 6S14665z17875_11873 that mapped to LG 6. Peak position was associated with maximum marker segregation distortion. The self-compatible plants were equally fecund after self- and open pollination. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report in the Poaceae family of an SC locus located on LG 6. This new SC QTL discovery, as well as indicating the complex nature of the pollen-stigma recognition process and its evolutionary significance, provides an additional source of SC for breeding perennial ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Slatter
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
- KWS UK Ltd, Thriplow, Royston, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Susanne Barth
- Teagasc, Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Chloe Manzanares
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Janaki Velmurugan
- Teagasc, Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, Biosciences Building, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Iain Place
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Daniel Thorogood
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
- For correspondence. E-mail
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The Impact of Alkaloid-Producing Epichloë Endophyte on Forage Ryegrass Breeding: A New Zealand Perspective. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020158. [PMID: 33670470 PMCID: PMC7922046 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For 30 years, forage ryegrass breeding has known that the germplasm may contain a maternally inherited symbiotic Epichloë endophyte. These endophytes produce a suite of secondary alkaloid compounds, dependent upon strain. Many produce ergot and other alkaloids, which are associated with both insect deterrence and livestock health issues. The levels of alkaloids and other endophyte characteristics are influenced by strain, host germplasm, and environmental conditions. Some strains in the right host germplasm can confer an advantage over biotic and abiotic stressors, thus acting as a maternally inherited desirable ‘trait’. Through seed production, these mutualistic endophytes do not transmit into 100% of the crop seed and are less vigorous than the grass seed itself. This causes stability and longevity issues for seed production and storage should the ‘trait’ be desired in the germplasm. This makes understanding the precise nature of the relationship vitally important to the plant breeder. These Epichloë endophytes cannot be ‘bred’ in the conventional sense, as they are asexual. Instead, the breeder may modulate endophyte characteristics through selection of host germplasm, a sort of breeding by proxy. This article explores, from a forage seed company perspective, the issues that endophyte characteristics and breeding them by proxy have on ryegrass breeding, and outlines the methods used to assess the ‘trait’, and the application of these through the breeding, production, and deployment processes. Finally, this article investigates opportunities for enhancing the utilisation of alkaloid-producing endophytes within pastures, with a focus on balancing alkaloid levels to further enhance pest deterrence and improving livestock outcomes.
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Bajgain P, Zhang X, Anderson JA. Dominance and G×E interaction effects improve genomic prediction and genetic gain in intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium). THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20012. [PMID: 33016625 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genomic selection (GS) based recurrent selection methods were developed to accelerate the domestication of intermediate wheatgrass [IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey]. A subset of the breeding population phenotyped at multiple environments is used to train GS models and then predict trait values of the breeding population. In this study, we implemented several GS models that investigated the use of additive and dominance effects and G×E interaction effects to understand how they affected trait predictions in intermediate wheatgrass. We evaluated 451 genotypes from the University of Minnesota IWG breeding program for nine agronomic and domestication traits at two Minnesota locations during 2017-2018. Genet-mean based heritabilities for these traits ranged from 0.34 to 0.77. Using four-fold cross validation, we observed the highest predictive abilities (correlation of 0.67) in models that considered G×E effects. When G×E effects were fitted in GS models, trait predictions improved by 18%, 15%, 20%, and 23% for yield, spike weight, spike length, and free threshing, respectively. Genomic selection models with dominance effects showed only modest increases of up to 3% and were trait-dependent. Cross-environment predictions were better for high heritability traits such as spike length, shatter resistance, free threshing, grain weight, and seed length than traits with low heritability and large environmental variance such as spike weight, grain yield, and seed width. Our results confirm that GS can accelerate IWG domestication by increasing genetic gain per breeding cycle and assist in selection of genotypes with promise of better performance in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Bajgain
- Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | - James A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Cranston LM, Pembleton KG, Burkitt LL, Curtis A, Donaghy DJ, Gourley CJP, Harrington KC, Hills JL, Pembleton LW, Rawnsley RP. The role of forage management in addressing challenges facing Australasian dairy farming. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Forage management underpins the viability of pastoral dairy systems. This review investigated recent developments in forage research and their potential to enable pastoral dairy systems to meet the challenges that will be faced over the next 10 years. Grazing management, complementary forages, pasture diversity, fertiliser use, chemical restriction, irrigation management and pasture breeding are considered. None of these areas of research are looking to increase production directly through increased inputs, but, rather, they aim to lift maximum potential production, defend against production decline or improve the efficiency of the resource base and inputs. Technology approaches consistently focus on improving efficiency, while genetic improvement or the use of complementary forages and species diversity aim to lift production. These approaches do not require additional labour to implement, but many will require an increase in skill level. Only a few areas will help address animal welfare (e.g. the use of selected complementary forages and novel endophytes) and only complementary forages will help address increased competition from non-dairy alternatives, by positively influencing the properties of milk. Overall, the diversity of activity and potential effects will provide managers of pastoral dairy systems with the best tools to respond to the production and environmental challenges they face over the next 10 years.
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Muñoz-Sanz JV, Zuriaga E, Cruz-García F, McClure B, Romero C. Self-(In)compatibility Systems: Target Traits for Crop-Production, Plant Breeding, and Biotechnology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 32265945 PMCID: PMC7098457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms prevent self-fertilization in flowering plants based on specific discrimination between self- and non-self pollen. Since this trait promotes outcrossing and avoids inbreeding it is a widespread mechanism of controlling sexual plant reproduction. Growers and breeders have effectively exploited SI as a tool for manipulating domesticated crops for thousands of years. However, only within the past thirty years have studies begun to elucidate the underlying molecular features of SI. The specific S-determinants and some modifier factors controlling SI have been identified in the sporophytic system exhibited by Brassica species and in the two very distinct gametophytic systems present in Papaveraceae on one side and in Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Plantaginaceae on the other. Molecular level studies have enabled SI to SC transitions (and vice versa) to be intentionally manipulated using marker assisted breeding and targeted approaches based on transgene integration, silencing, and more recently CRISPR knock-out of SI-related factors. These scientific advances have, in turn, provided a solid basis to implement new crop production and plant breeding practices. Applications of self-(in)compatibility include widely differing objectives such as crop yield and quality improvement, marker-assisted breeding through SI genotyping, and development of hybrids for overcoming intra- and interspecific reproductive barriers. Here, we review scientific progress as well as patented applications of SI, and also highlight future prospects including further elucidation of SI systems, deepening our understanding of SI-environment relationships, and new perspectives on plant self/non-self recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Zuriaga
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Romero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universitat Politécnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Romero,
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Sykes T, Yates S, Nagy I, Asp T, Small I, Studer B. In Silico Identification of Candidate Genes for Fertility Restoration in Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:351-362. [PMID: 26951780 PMCID: PMC5499803 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is widely used for forage production in both permanent and temporary grassland systems. To increase yields in perennial ryegrass, recent breeding efforts have been focused on strategies to more efficiently exploit heterosis by hybrid breeding. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widely applied mechanism to control pollination for commercial hybrid seed production and although CMS systems have been identified in perennial ryegrass, they are yet to be fully characterized. Here, we present a bioinformatics pipeline for efficient identification of candidate restorer of fertility (Rf) genes for CMS. From a high-quality draft of the perennial ryegrass genome, 373 pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) genes were identified and classified, further identifying 25 restorer of fertility-like PPR (RFL) genes through a combination of DNA sequence clustering and comparison to known Rf genes. This extensive gene family was targeted as the majority of Rf genes in higher plants are RFL genes. These RFL genes were further investigated by phylogenetic analyses, identifying three groups of perennial ryegrass RFLs. These three groups likely represent genomic regions of active RFL generation and identify the probable location of perennial ryegrass PPR-Rf genes. This pipeline allows for the identification of candidate PPR-Rf genes from genomic sequence data and can be used in any plant species. Functional markers for PPR-Rf genes will facilitate map-based cloning of Rf genes and enable the use of CMS as an efficient tool to control pollination for hybrid crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sykes
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Forage Crop Genetics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven Yates
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Forage Crop Genetics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Torben Asp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Ian Small
- Plant Energy Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bruno Studer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Forage Crop Genetics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Thorogood D, Yates S, Manzanares C, Skot L, Hegarty M, Blackmore T, Barth S, Studer B. A Novel Multivariate Approach to Phenotyping and Association Mapping of Multi-Locus Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility Reveals S, Z, and Other Loci in a Perennial Ryegrass (Poaceae) Population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1331. [PMID: 28824669 PMCID: PMC5539123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a mechanism that many flowering plants employ to prevent fertilisation by self- and self-like pollen ensuring heterozygosity and hybrid vigour. Although a number of single locus mechanisms have been characterised in detail, no multi-locus systems have been fully elucidated. Historically, examples of the genetic analysis of multi-locus SI, to make analysis tractable, are either made on the progeny of bi-parental crosses, where the number of alleles at each locus is restricted, or on crosses prepared in such a way that only one of the SI loci segregates. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) possesses a well-documented two locus (S and Z) gametophytic incompatibility system. A more universal, realistic proof of principle study was conducted in a perennial ryegrass population in which allelic and non-allelic diversity was not artificially restricted. A complex pattern of pollinations from a diallel cross was revealed which could not possibly be interpreted easily per se, even with an already established genetic model. Instead, pollination scores were distilled into principal component scores described as Compatibility Components (CC1-CC3). These were then subjected to a conventional genome-wide association analysis. CC1 associated with markers on linkage groups (LGs) 1, 2, 3, and 6, CC2 exclusively with markers in a genomic region on LG 2, and CC3 with markers on LG 1. BLAST alignment with the Brachypodium physical map revealed highly significantly associated markers with peak associations with genes adjacent and four genes away from the chromosomal locations of candidate SI genes, S- and Z-DUF247, respectively. Further significant associations were found in a Brachypodium distachyon chromosome 3 region, having shared synteny with Lolium LG 1, suggesting further SI loci linked to S or extensive micro-re-arrangement of the genome between B. distachyon and L. perenne. Significant associations with gene sequences aligning with marker sequences on Lolium LGs 3 and 6 were also identified. We therefore demonstrate the power of a novel association genetics approach to identify the genes controlling multi-locus gametophytic SI systems and to identify novel loci potentially involved in already established SI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thorogood
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniel Thorogood
| | - Steven Yates
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Manzanares
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Leif Skot
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Blackmore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Barth
- Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research CentreCarlow, Ireland
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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Haploid and Doubled Haploid Techniques in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to Advance Research and Breeding. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy6040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Do Canto J, Studer B, Lubberstedt T. Overcoming self-incompatibility in grasses: a pathway to hybrid breeding. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:1815-29. [PMID: 27577253 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Allogamous grasses exhibit an effective two-locus gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system, limiting the range of breeding techniques applicable for cultivar development. Current breeding methods based on populations are characterized by comparably low genetic gains for important traits such as biomass yield. To implement more efficient breeding schemes, the overall understanding of the SI system is crucial as are the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of SI. Self-fertile variants in outcrossing grasses have been studied, and the current level of knowledge includes approximate gene locations, linked molecular markers and first hypotheses on their mode of action. Environmental conditions increasing seed set upon self-pollination have also been described. Even though some strategies were proposed to take advantage of self-fertility, there have, so far, not been changes in the methods applied in cultivar development for allogamous grasses. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about self-fertility in allogamous grasses and outline strategies to incorporate this trait for implementation in synthetic and hybrid breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Do Canto
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 2104 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA.
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, INIA, Route 5 km 386, Tacuarembo, Uruguay.
| | - Bruno Studer
- Forage Crop Genetics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, LFW Building, University Street 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lubberstedt
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 2104 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
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