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Castellaneta A, Höring M, Losito I, Leoni B, Santamaria P, Calvano CD, Cataldi TRI, Matysik S, Liebisch G. Exploration of the Lipid Profile of Edible Oleaginous Microgreens by Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11438-11451. [PMID: 38728027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The spreading awareness of the health benefits associated with the consumption of plant-based foods is fueling the market of innovative vegetable products, including microgreens, recognized as a promising source of bioactive compounds. To evaluate the potential of oleaginous plant microgreens as a source of bioactive fatty acids, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was exploited to characterize the total fatty acid content of five microgreens, namely, chia, flax, soy, sunflower, and rapeseed (canola). Chia and flax microgreens appeared as interesting sources of α-linolenic acid (ALA), with total concentrations of 2.6 and 2.9 g/100 g of dried weight (DW), respectively. Based on these amounts, approximately 15% of the ALA daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority can be provided by 100 g of the corresponding fresh products. Flow injection analysis with high-resolution Fourier transform single and tandem mass spectrometry enabled a semi-quantitative profiling of triacylglycerols (TGs) and sterol esters (SEs) in the examined microgreen crops, confirming their role as additional sources of fatty acids like ALA and linoleic acid (LA), along with glycerophospholipids. The highest amounts of TGs and SEs were observed in rapeseed and sunflower microgreens (ca. 50 and 4-5 μmol/g of DW, respectively), followed by flax (ca. 20 and 3 μmol/g DW). TG 54:9, 54:8, and 54:7 prevailed in the case of flax and chia, whereas TG 54:3, 54:4, and 54:5 were the most abundant TGs in the case of rapeseed. β-Sitosteryl linoleate and linolenate were generally prevailing in the SE profiles, although campesteryl oleate, linoleate, and linolenate exhibited a comparable amount in the case of rapeseed microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castellaneta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Beniamino Leoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Santamaria
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Ma Z, Zhao X, He A, Cao Y, Han Q, Lu Y, Yong JWH, Huang J. Mycorrhizal symbiosis reprograms ion fluxes and fatty acid metabolism in wild jujube during salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2481-2499. [PMID: 35604107 PMCID: PMC9342988 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) is an important fruit tree in China, and soil salinity is the main constraint affecting jujube production. It is unclear how arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis supports jujube adaptation to salt stress. Herein, we performed comparative physiological, ion flux, fatty acid (FA) metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses to examine the mechanism of AM jujube responding to salt stress. AM seedlings showed better performance during salt stress. AM symbiosis altered phytohormonal levels: indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid contents were significantly increased in AM roots and reduced by salt stress. Mycorrhizal colonization enhanced root H+ efflux and K+ influx, while inducing expression of plasma membrane-type ATPase 7 (ZjAHA7) and high-affinity K+ transporter 2 (ZjHAK2) in roots. High K+/Na+ homeostasis was maintained throughout salt exposure. FA content was elevated in AM leaves as well as roots, especially for palmitic acid, oleic acid, trans oleic acid, and linoleic acid, and similar effects were also observed in AM poplar (Populus. alba × Populus. glandulosa cv. 84K) and Medicago truncatula, indicating AM symbiosis elevating FA levels could be a conserved physiological effect. Gene co-expression network analyses uncovered a core gene set including 267 genes in roots associated with AM symbiosis and conserved transcriptional responses, for example, FA metabolism, phytohormone signal transduction, SNARE interaction in vesicular transport, and biotin metabolism. In contrast to widely up-regulated genes related to FA metabolism in AM roots, limited genes were affected in leaves. We propose a model of AM symbiosis-linked reprogramming of FA metabolism and provide a comprehensive insight into AM symbiosis with a woody species adaptation to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Ma
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture in Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinchi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture in Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Aobing He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture in Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture in Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qisheng Han
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture in Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 75007, Sweden
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Guo Q, Liu L, Rupasinghe TWT, Roessner U, Barkla BJ. Salt stress alters membrane lipid content and lipid biosynthesis pathways in the plasma membrane and tonoplast. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:805-826. [PMID: 35289902 PMCID: PMC9157097 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell membranes are the sites of sensing and initiation of rapid responses to changing environmental factors including salinity stress. Understanding the mechanisms involved in membrane remodeling is important for studying salt tolerance in plants. This task remains challenging in complex tissue due to suboptimal subcellular membrane isolation techniques. Here, we capitalized on the use of a surface charge-based separation method, free flow electrophoresis, to isolate the tonoplast (TP) and plasma membrane (PM) from leaf tissue of the halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.). Results demonstrated a membrane-specific lipidomic remodeling in this plant under salt conditions, including an increased proportion of bilayer forming lipid phosphatidylcholine in the TP and an increase in nonbilayer forming and negatively charged lipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine) in the PM. Quantitative proteomics showed salt-induced changes in proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis and desaturation, glycerolipid, and sterol synthesis, as well as proteins involved in lipid signaling, binding, and trafficking. These results reveal an essential plant mechanism for membrane homeostasis wherein lipidome remodeling in response to salt stress contributes to maintaining the physiological function of individual subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Thusitha W T Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Sciex, Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the selected plant lipid issues. Classification, nomenclature, and abundance of fatty acids was discussed. Then, classification, composition, role, and organization of lipids were displayed. The involvement of lipids in xantophyll cycle and glycerolipids synthesis (as the most abundant of all lipid classes) were also discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the biomembranes remodeling, the model (artificial) membranes, mimicking the naturally occurring membranes are employed and the survey on their composition and application in different kind of research was performed. High level of lipids remodeling in the plant membranes under different environmental conditions, e.g., nutrient deficiency, temperature stress, salinity or drought was proved. The key advantage of lipid research was the conclusion that lipids could serve as the markers of plant physiological condition and the detailed knowledge on lipids chemistry will allow to modify their composition for industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Reszczyńska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Aryal N, Lu C. A Phospholipase C-Like Protein From Ricinus communis Increases Hydroxy Fatty Acids Accumulation in Transgenic Seeds of Camelina sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1576. [PMID: 30443260 PMCID: PMC6221933 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There have been strong interests in producing unusual fatty acids in oilseed crops to provide renewable industrial feedstock. Results are so far largely disappointing since much lower amounts of such fatty acids accumulate in genetically engineered seeds than in their original natural sources. It has been suggested that the flux of unusual fatty acids through phosphatidylcholine (PC) represents a major bottleneck for high accumulation of such fatty acids in triacylglycerol (TAG). We show here that a phospholipase C-like protein (RcPLCL1) from castor bean, which accumulates nearly 90% of the hydroxylated ricinoleic acid in its seed TAG, increases the amount of hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) when co-expresses with the fatty acid hydroxylase (RcFAH12) in transgenic seed of Camelina sativa. RcPLCL1 shows hydrolyzing activities on both PC and phosphatidylinositol substrates in our in vitro assay conditions. The PC-PLC activity of the RcPLCL1 may have increased the efficiency of HFA-PC to diacylglycerol conversion, which explains our observation of increased HFA contents in TAG concomitant with decreased HFA in the membrane lipid PC during seed development. Consequently, this may also alleviate the potential detrimental effect of HFA on germination of the engineered camelina seeds. Our results provide new knowledge that will help design effective strategies to engineer high levels of HFAs in transgenic oilseeds.
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Ding K, Pei T, Bai Z, Jia Y, Ma P, Liang Z. SmMYB36, a Novel R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor, Enhances Tanshinone Accumulation and Decreases Phenolic Acid Content in Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Roots. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5104. [PMID: 28698552 PMCID: PMC5506036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids and tanshinones are two major bioactive components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. A novel endogenous R2R3-MYB transcription factor, SmMYB36, was identified in this research. This transcript factor can simultaneously influence the content of two types of components in SmMYB36 overexpression hairy roots. SmMYB36 was mainly localized in the nucleus of onion epidermis and it has transactivation activity. The overexpression of SmMYB36 promoted tanshinone accumulation but inhibited phenolic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The altered metabolite content was due to changed metabolic flow which was regulated by transcript expression of metabolic pathway genes. The gene transcription levels of the phenylpropanoid general pathway, tyrosine derived pathway, methylerythritol phosphate pathway and downstream tanshinone biosynthetic pathway changed significantly due to the overexpression of SmMYB36. The wide distribution of MYB binding elements (MBS, MRE, MBSI and MBSII) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay results indicated that SmMYB36 may be an effective tool to regulate metabolic flux shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianlin Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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