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Xiong B, Li L, Li Q, Mao H, Wang L, Bie Y, Zeng X, Liao L, Wang X, Deng H, Zhang M, Sun G, Wang Z. Identification of Photosynthesis Characteristics and Chlorophyll Metabolism in Leaves of Citrus Cultivar ( Harumi) with Varying Degrees of Chlorosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098394. [PMID: 37176103 PMCID: PMC10179384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In autumn and spring, citrus leaves with a Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) genetic background (Harumi, Daya, etc.) are prone to abnormal physiological chlorosis. The effects of different degrees of chlorosis (normal, mild, moderate and severe) on photosynthesis and the chlorophyll metabolism of leaves of Citrus cultivar (Harumi) were studied via field experiment. Compared with severe chlorotic leaves, the results showed that chlorosis could break leaf metabolism balance, including reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity and enzyme activity related to chlorophyll synthesis, increased catalase and decreased enzyme activity. In addition, the content of chlorophyll synthesis precursors showed an overall downward trend expected for uroporphyrinogen III. Furthermore, the relative expression of genes for chlorophyll synthesis (HEMA1, HEME2, HEMG1 and CHLH) was down-regulated to some extent and chlorophyll degradation (CAO, CLH, PPH, PAO and SGR) showed the opposite trend with increased chlorosis. Changes in degradation were more significant. In general, the chlorosis of Harumi leaves might be related to the blocked transformation of uroporphyrinogen III (Urogen III) to coproporphyrinogen III (Coprogen III), the weakening of antioxidant enzyme system activity, the weakening of chlorophyll synthesis and the enhancement in degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huiqiong Mao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixinyi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhui Bie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Nartey EK, Darko DA, Sulemana N, Assibey EO. Efficacy of Histick Soy in soybean nodulation in two Alfisols of Ghana. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSoybean is an important legume whose nitrogen-fixing ability may be exploited to improve the fertility status of soils. In Ghana, where most of the soils are poor in fertility, cultivation of soybean presents an inexpensive way for resource-poor farmers to earn appreciable income and improve the fertility of arable land at the same time. However, the yield and N-fixing response of soybean to inoculation in most soils with poor fertility in Ghana are not well-researched.MethodA screen house study on the efficacy of Histick Soy (an inoculum manufactured by a German chemical company) on improving the nodulation of soybean in P-deficient soils comprising two Plinthustalfs, Ny1 and Ny2, with a history and no history, respectively, of soybean cultivation and a Kandiustalf with no history of soybean cultivation was evaluated in Ghana. Sterile riverbed sand was included as a check. Soybean seeds were inoculated with Histick Soy at three different rates, namely, zero, half, and recommended rate, and grown in a screen house to ascertain the efficacy of the inoculant in nodulating soybean. Nitrogen was applied at 0 and 10 kg/ha, K was applied at 60 kg/ha, and P was applied at 0, 30, and 60 kg/ha. These treatments were completely randomized with four replicates at a moisture content equivalent to 80% field capacity and grown till flowering. At flowering, the number of nodules per plant was counted. A parallel experiment was carried out to physiological maturity where 100-seed weight per pot was determined.Results and discussionResults obtained revealed that plants from the uninoculated seeds in the riverbed sand and the Kandiustalf did not nodulate. In the case of Ny2, the number of nodules at harvesting was statistically similar for half and full recommended application rate of the inoculant. The uninoculated Ny2 with 4.4 average nodules per pot did not increase at half recommended application rate. At the recommended rate, nodule numbers increased 2.3-fold to 10.3. The Ny1 showed no response to inoculation. Treatments, which received the application of 60 and 30 kg P2O5/ha triggered higher responses to inoculation in low and high Bradyrhizobia populations, respectively, in the Plinthustalfs.
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Cheng M, Meng F, Mo F, Qi H, Wang P, Chen X, Liu J, Ghanizadeh H, Zhang H, Wang A. Slym1 control the color etiolation of leaves by facilitating the decomposition of chlorophyll in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111457. [PMID: 36089196 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis, as an important biological process of plants, produces organic substances for plant growth and development. Although the molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis had been well investigated, the relationship between chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis remains largely unknown. The leaf-color mutant was an ideal material for studying photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis, which had been seldom investigated in tomato. Here, we obtained a yellow leaf tomato mutant ym (The mutant plants from the line of zs4) in field. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photosynthetic parameters results demonstrated that chloroplast's structure was obviously destroyed and photosynthetic capacity gets weak. The mutant was hybridized with the control to construct the F2 segregation population for sequencing. Slym1 gene, controlling yellow mutant trait, was identified using Bulked Segregation Analysis. Slym1 was up-regulated in the mutant and Slym1 was located in the nucleus. The genes associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis were down-regulated in Slym1-OE transgenic tomato plants. The results suggested that Slym1 negatively regulate photosynthesis. Photosynthetic pigment synthesis related genes HEMA, HEMB1, CHLG and CAO were up-regulated in Slym1 silencing plants. The redundant Slym1 binding the intermediate proteins MP resulting in hindering the interaction between MP and HY5 due to the Slym1 with a high expression level in ym mutant, lead to lots of the HY5 with unbound state accumulates in cells, that could accelerate the decomposition of chlorophyll. Therefore, the yellow leaf-color mutant ym could be used as an ideal material for further exploring the relationship between leaf color mutant and photosynthesis and the specific mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhen Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Fanyue Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Fulei Mo
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Haonan Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiuling Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Jiayin Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Hossein Ghanizadeh
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - He Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
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Tang X, Shi F, Wang Y, Huang S, Zhao Y, Feng H. Proteomic analysis of a plastid gene encoding RPS4 mutant in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 22:113-130. [PMID: 34881421 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plastids are important plant cell organelles containing a genome and bacterial-type 70S ribosomes-primarily composed of plastid ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNAs. In this study, a chlorophyll-deficient mutant (cdm) obtained from double-haploid Chinese cabbage 'FT' was identified as a plastome mutant with an A-to-C base substitution in the plastid gene encoding the ribosomal protein RPS4. To further elucidate the function and regulatory mechanisms of RPS4, a comparative proteomic analysis was conducted between cdm and its wild-type 'FT' plants by isobaric tags and a relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based strategy. A total of 6,245 proteins were identified, 540 of which were differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in the leaves of cdm as compared to those of 'FT'-including 233 upregulated and 307 downregulated proteins. Upregulated DAPs were mainly involved in translation, organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process, ribosomes, and spliceosomes. Meanwhile, downregulated DAPs were mainly involved in photosynthesis, photosynthetic reaction centres, photosynthetic light harvesting, carbon fixation, and chlorophyll binding. These results indicated an important role of RPS4 in the regulation of growth and development of Chinese cabbage, possibly by regulating plastid translation activity by affecting the expression of specific photosynthesis- and cold stress-related proteins. Moreover, a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) test and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed our iTRAQ results. Quantitative proteomic analysis allowed us to confirm diverse changes in the metabolic pathways between cdm and 'FT' plants. This work provides new insights into the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Shushan District, Hefei, China
| | - Fengyan Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Xiqing District, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinjing Road 17 km, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Liu M, Wang Y, Nie Z, Gai J, Bhat JA, Kong J, Zhao T. Double mutation of two homologous genes YL1 and YL2 results in a leaf yellowing phenotype in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:527-543. [PMID: 32323129 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two homologous, chloroplast located CAAX proteases were identified to be functional redundancy in determining soybean leaf color, and they probably play essential roles in regulating light harvesting and absorption during photosynthesis process. Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism. The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yellowing leaf (yl) variation is a recombinant mutant characterized by yellow foliage, which derived from the specific cross between green seed-coated and yellow seed-coated soybean varieties. Molecular cloning and subsequent gene silencing revealed that the yellow leaf trait of yl was controlled by two recessive nuclear genes, glyma11g04660 and glyma01g40650, named as YL1 and YL2 respectively, and the latter was confirmed to be same as the earlier reported green seed-coat gene G. Both YL1 and YL2 belonged to chloroplast-located proteases possessing Abi domain, and these genes were expressed in various tissues, especially in young leaves. In yl, the expression of YL1 and YL2 were suppressed in most tissues, and the young leaf of yl presented an increased maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) as well as enhanced net photosynthesis activity (Pn), indicating that YL1 and YL2 are involved in light absorption regulation during photosynthesis process. Collectively, the identification and description of YL1 and YL2 in our study provides insights for the regulatory mechanism of photosynthesis process, and these findings will further assist to clarify the close relationship between photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Liu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixing Nie
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Gai
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiejie Kong
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhu X, Pan Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhong D, Duan Z, Tian Z, Zhu B, Zhou G. Mutation of YL Results in a Yellow Leaf with Chloroplast RNA Editing Defect in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4275. [PMID: 32560081 PMCID: PMC7348699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA editing plays a key role in organelle gene expression. Little is known about how RNA editing factors influence soybean plant development. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a soybean yl (yellow leaf) mutant. The yl plants showed decreased chlorophyll accumulation, lower PS II activity, an impaired net photosynthesis rate, and an altered chloroplast ultrastructure. Fine mapping of YL uncovered a point mutation in Glyma.20G187000, which encodes a chloroplast-localized protein homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) ORRM1. YL is mainly expressed in trifoliate leaves, and its deficiency affects the editing of multiple chloroplast RNA sites, leading to inferior photosynthesis in soybean. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of the soybean YL protein in chloroplast RNA editing and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yucheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Deyi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
- Agricultural Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zongbiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoge Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Guoan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
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