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Rudenko NN, Vetoshkina DV, Marenkova TV, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM. Antioxidants of Non-Enzymatic Nature: Their Function in Higher Plant Cells and the Ways of Boosting Their Biosynthesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2014. [PMID: 38001867 PMCID: PMC10669185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses leading to increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. ROS are capable of oxidizing proteins, pigments, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cell molecules, disrupting their functional activity. During the process of evolution, numerous antioxidant systems were formed in plants, including antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight non-enzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidant systems perform neutralization of ROS and therefore prevent oxidative damage of cell components. In the present review, we focus on the biosynthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plants cells such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), glutathione, flavonoids, isoprenoids, carotenoids, tocopherol (vitamin E), ubiquinone, and plastoquinone. Their functioning and their reactivity with respect to individual ROS will be described. This review is also devoted to the modern genetic engineering methods, which are widely used to change the quantitative and qualitative content of the non-enzymatic antioxidants in cultivated plants. These methods allow various plant lines with given properties to be obtained in a rather short time. The most successful approaches for plant transgenesis and plant genome editing for the enhancement of biosynthesis and the content of these antioxidants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Daria V. Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Tatiana V. Marenkova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Maria M. Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
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2
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Flores L, Shene C, Asenjo JA, Chisti Y. Coenzyme Q in Thraustochytrium sp. RT2316-16: Effect of the Medium Composition. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:586. [PMID: 37999410 PMCID: PMC10672569 DOI: 10.3390/md21110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ; ubiquinone) is an essential component of the respiratory chain. It is also a potent antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage to DNA, biological membranes, and lipoproteins. CoQ comprises a six-carbon ring with polar substituents that interact with electron acceptors and donors, and a hydrophobic polyisoprenoid chain that allows for its localization in cellular membranes. Human CoQ has 10 isoprenoid units (CoQ10) within the polyisoprenoid chain. Few microorganisms produce CoQ10. This work shows that Thraustochytrium sp. RT2316-16 produces CoQ10 and CoQ9. The CoQ10 content in RT2316-16 depended strongly on the composition of the growth medium and the age of the culture, whereas the CoQ9 content was less variable probably because it served a different function in the cell. Adding p-hydroxybenzoic acid to the culture media positively influenced the CoQ10 content of the cell. The absence of some B vitamins and p-aminobenzoic acid in the culture medium negatively affected the growth of RT2316-16, but reduced the decline in CoQ10 that otherwise occurred during growth. The highest content of CoQ9 and CoQ10 in the biomass were 855 μg g-1 and 10 mg g-1, respectively. The results presented here suggest that the thraustochytrid RT2316-16 can be a potential vehicle for producing CoQ10. Metabolic signals that trigger the synthesis of CoQ10 in RT2316-16 need to be determined for optimizing culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liset Flores
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN, and Centre of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Carolina Shene
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN, and Centre of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Juan A. Asenjo
- Centre for Biotechnoloy and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370459, Chile;
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
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An T, Feng X, Li C. Prenylation: A Critical Step for Biomanufacturing of Prenylated Aromatic Natural Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2211-2233. [PMID: 36716399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated aromatic natural products (PANPs) have received much attention due to their biomedical benefits for human health. The prenylation of aromatic natural products (ANPs), which is mainly catalyzed by aromatic prenyltransferases (aPTs), contributes significantly to their structural and functional diversity by providing higher lipophilicity and enhanced bioactivity. aPTs are widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants and play a key role in the regiospecific prenylation of ANPs. Recent studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the characteristics and application of aPTs. In this review, we comment on research progress regarding sources, evolutionary relationships, structural features, reaction mechanism, engineering modification, and application of aPTs. Particular emphasis is also placed on recent advances, challenges, and prospects about applications of aPTs in microbial cell factories for producing PANPs. Generally, this review could provide guidance for using aPTs as robust biocatalytic tools to produce various PANPs with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting An
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Xia Y, Du K, Ling A, Wu W, Li J, Kang X. Overexpression of PagSTOMAGEN, a Positive Regulator of Stomatal Density, Promotes Vegetative Growth in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710165. [PMID: 36077563 PMCID: PMC9456429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplar is an important fast-growing tree, and its photosynthetic capacity directly affects its vegetative growth. Stomatal density is closely related to photosynthetic capacity and growth characteristics in plants. Here, we isolated PagSTOMAGEN from the hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) clone 84K and investigated its biological function in vegetative growth. PagSTOMAGEN was expressed predominantly in young tissues and localized in the plasma membrane. Compared with wild-type 84K poplars, PagSTOMAGEN-overexpressing plants displayed an increased plant height, leaf area, internode number, basal diameter, biomass, IAA content, IPR content, and stomatal density. Higher stomatal density improved the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate in transgenic poplar. The differential expression of genes related to stomatal development showed a diverged influence of PagSTOMAGEN at different stages of stomatal development. Finally, transcriptomic analysis showed that PagSTOMAGEN affected vegetative growth by affecting the expression of photosynthesis and plant hormone-related genes (such as SAUR75, PQL2, PSBX, ERF1, GNC, GRF5, and ARF11). Taken together, our data indicate that PagSTOMAGEN could positively regulate stomatal density and increase the photosynthetic rate and plant hormone content, thereby promoting vegetative growth in poplar. Our study is of great significance for understanding the relationship between stoma, photosynthesis, and yield breeding in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kang Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Aoyu Ling
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.K.)
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.K.)
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Affortit P, Effa-Effa B, Ndoye MS, Moukouanga D, Luchaire N, Cabrera-Bosquet L, Perálvarez M, Pilloni R, Welcker C, Champion A, Gantet P, Diedhiou AG, Manneh B, Aroca R, Vadez V, Laplaze L, Cubry P, Grondin A. Physiological and genetic control of transpiration efficiency in African rice, Oryza glaberrima Steud. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5279-5293. [PMID: 35429274 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improving crop water use efficiency, the amount of carbon assimilated as biomass per unit of water used by a plant, is of major importance as water for agriculture becomes scarcer. In rice, the genetic bases of transpiration efficiency, the derivation of water use efficiency at the whole-plant scale, and its putative component trait transpiration restriction under high evaporative demand remain unknown. These traits were measured in 2019 in a panel of 147 African rice (Oryza glaberrima) genotypes known to be potential sources of tolerance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our results reveal that higher transpiration efficiency is associated with transpiration restriction in African rice. Detailed measurements in a subset of highly contrasted genotypes in terms of biomass accumulation and transpiration confirmed these associations and suggested that root to shoot ratio played an important role in transpiration restriction. Genome wide association studies identified marker-trait associations for transpiration response to evaporative demand, transpiration efficiency, and its residuals, with links to genes involved in water transport and cell wall patterning. Our data suggest that root-shoot partitioning is an important component of transpiration restriction that has a positive effect on transpiration efficiency in African rice. Both traits are heritable and define targets for breeding rice with improved water use strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Affortit
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Branly Effa-Effa
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Mame Sokhatil Ndoye
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CERAAS, Thiès, Senegal
| | | | - Nathalie Luchaire
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Raphaël Pilloni
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Welcker
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Antony Champion
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Gantet
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CERAAS, Thiès, Senegal
- LMI LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal
- ICRISAT, Patancheru, India
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- LMI LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Philippe Cubry
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CERAAS, Thiès, Senegal
- LMI LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal
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Liu J, Shi Y, Peng D, Wang L, Yu N, Wang G, Chen W. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) in the Treating Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on the Regulator of Metabolic Targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:842980. [PMID: 35528835 PMCID: PMC9072665 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.842980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly prevalent due to its strong association with increased metabolic syndrome such as cardio- and cerebrovascular disorders and diabetes. Few drugs can meet the growing disease burden of NAFLD. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) have been used for over 2,000 years in clinical trials to treat NAFLD and metabolic syndrome disease without clarified defined mechanisms. Metabolic targets restored metabolic homeostasis in patients with NAFLD and improved steatosis by reducing the delivery of metabolic substrates to liver as a promising way. Here we systematic review evidence showing that Danshen against NAFLD through diverse and crossing mechanisms based on metabolic targets. A synopsis of the phytochemistry and pharmacokinetic of Danshen and the mechanisms of metabolic targets regulating the progression of NAFLD is initially provided, followed by the pharmacological activity of Danshen in the management NAFLD. And then, the possible mechanisms of Danshen in the management of NAFLD based on metabolic targets are elucidated. Specifically, the metabolic targets c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), nuclear translocation carbohydrate response element–binding protein (ChREBP) related with lipid metabolism pathway, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), cytochrome P450 (CYP) and the others associated with pleiotropic metabolism will be discussed. Finally, providing a critical assessment of the preclinic and clinic model and the molecular mechanism in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang,
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Guokai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei, China
- Weidong Chen,
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Li C, Wang M, Qiu X, Zhou H, Lu S. Noncoding RNAs in Medicinal Plants and their Regulatory Roles in Bioactive Compound Production. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:341-359. [PMID: 32469697 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200529101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), play significant regulatory roles in plant development and secondary metabolism and are involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. They have been intensively studied in model systems and crops for approximately two decades and massive amount of information have been obtained. However, for medicinal plants, ncRNAs, particularly their regulatory roles in bioactive compound biosynthesis, are just emerging as a hot research field. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize current knowledge on herbal ncRNAs and their regulatory roles in bioactive compound production. RESULTS So far, scientists have identified thousands of miRNA candidates from over 50 medicinal plant species and 11794 lncRNAs from Salvia miltiorrhiza, Panax ginseng, and Digitalis purpurea. Among them, more than 30 miRNAs and five lncRNAs have been predicted to regulate bioactive compound production. CONCLUSION The regulation may achieve through various regulatory modules and pathways, such as the miR397-LAC module, the miR12112-PPO module, the miR156-SPL module, the miR828-MYB module, the miR858-MYB module, and other siRNA and lncRNA regulatory pathways. Further functional analysis of herbal ncRNAs will provide useful information for quality and quantity improvement of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caili Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qiu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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Yan N, Gai X, Xue L, Du Y, Shi J, Liu Y. Effects of NtSPS1 Overexpression on Solanesol Content, Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Metabolome of Nicotiana tabacum. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040518. [PMID: 32316447 PMCID: PMC7238068 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum solanesyl diphosphate synthase 1 (NtSPS1) is the key enzyme in solanesol biosynthesis. However, changes in the solanesol content, plant growth, photosynthesis, and metabolome of tobacco plants after NtSPS1 overexpression (OE) have not been previously reported. In the present study, these parameters, as well as photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, were compared between NtSPS1 OE and wild type (WT) lines of tobacco. As expected, NtSPS1 OE significantly increased solanesol content in tobacco leaves. Although NtSPS1 OE significantly increased leaf growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the leaves of the NtSPS1 OE lines were only slightly higher than those in the WT leaves. Furthermore, NtSPS1 OE resulted in 64 differential metabolites, including 30 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated metabolites, between the OE and WT leaves. Pathway enrichment analysis of these differential metabolites identified differentially enriched pathways between the OE and WT leaves, e.g., carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. The maximum carboxylation rate of RuBisCO and the maximum rate of RuBP regeneration were also elevated in the NtSPS1 OE line. To our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm the role of NtSPS1 in solanesol biosynthesis and its possible functional mechanisms in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-532-8870-1035 (N.Y. & Y.L.)
| | - Xiaolei Gai
- Yunnan Tobacco Leaf Company, Kunming 650000, China;
| | - Lin Xue
- Anhui Wannan Tobacco Leaf Co., Ltd., Xuancheng 242000, China;
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-532-8870-1035 (N.Y. & Y.L.)
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Liu M, Chen X, Wang M, Lu S. SmPPT, a 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl diphosphate transferase gene involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis, confers salt tolerance in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1527-1540. [PMID: 31471635 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SmPPT, which encodes 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl diphosphate transferase involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis, confers salt tolerance to S. miltiorrhiza through enhancing the activities of POD and CAT to scavenge ROS. Ubiquinone (UQ), also known as coenzyme Q (CoQ), is a key electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory system. UQ is composed of a benzene quinone ring and a polyisoprenoid side chain. Attachment of polyisoprenoid side chain to the benzene quinone ring is a rate-limiting step catalyzed by 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl diphosphate transferase (PPT). So far, only a few plant PPT-encoding genes have been functionally analyzed. Through genome-wide analysis and subsequent molecular cloning, a PPT-encoding gene, termed SmPPT, was identified from an economically and academically important medicinal model plant, Salvia miltiorrhiza. SmPPT contained many putative cis-elements associated with abiotic stresses in the promoter region and were responsive to PEG-6000 and methyl jasmonate treatments. The deduced SmPPT protein contains the PT_UbiA conserved domain of polyprenyl diphosphate transferase and an N-terminal mitochondria transit peptide. Transient expression assay of SmPPT-GFP fusion protein showed that SmPPT was mainly localized in the mitochondria. SmPPT could functionally complement coq2 mutation and catalyzed UQ6 production in yeast cells. Overexpression of SmPPT increased UQ production and enhanced salt tolerance in S. miltiorrhiza. Under salinity stress conditions, transgenic plants accumulated less H2O2 and malondialdehyde and exhibited higher peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared with wild-type plants. It indicates that SmPPT confers salt tolerance to S. miltiorrhiza at least partially through enhancing the activities of POD and CAT to scavenge ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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