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Li J, Wang L, Chen X, Zeng L, Su Y, Liu Z. Characterization of Two AGAMOUS-like Genes and Their Promoters from the Cymbidium faberi (Orchidaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2740. [PMID: 37514354 PMCID: PMC10386245 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis AGAMOUS (AG) play roles in determining stamens' and carpels' identities, floral meristem determinacy, and repression of the A-function. Gynostemium fused by stamens and carpels is a characteristic reproductive structure in orchid flowers, which shows a considerable difference from the reproductive organs of eudicots and other monocot species. The molecular basis of orchid gynostemium development remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of two AG-like genes, CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2, and their promoters from C. faberi. Both CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 are highly expressed in the anther cap, gynostemium, and ovary. Ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 promotes early flowering of wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 completely rescues floral defects in the Arabidopsis ag-1 mutant, while ectopic expression of CyfaAG2 only completes filament and carpel development. Our findings suggest that CyfaAG1 acts as an evolutionarily conserved C-function gene in determining reproductive organ identity and mediating floral meristem determinacy. CyfaAG2 redundantly mediates the C-function in floral meristem determinacy and gynostemium development. Our results provided more details to understand how the C-class function has been partitioned in orchids, and the roles of two AG orthologs in regulating gynostemium development in C. faberi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lingtian Zeng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yalan Su
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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Ma YY, Meng Q, Tan XM, Yang L, Zhang KL, Xu ZQ. Functional identification of the different regions in B-class floral homeotic MADS-box proteins IiAP3 and IiPI from Isatis indigotica. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13713. [PMID: 35561122 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) are B-class MADS-box floral homeotic genes of Arabidopsis and are involved in specifying the identity of petals and stamens. In the present work, IiAP3 and IiPI, the respective orthologous genes of AP3 and PI, were cloned from Isatis indigotica. By expressing in ap3-6 and pi-1 homozygous mutant and in wild-type Arabidopsis under the control of AP3 promoter or CaMV 35S promoter, we demonstrated that IiAP3 and IiPI were functionally equivalent to AP3 and PI of Arabidopsis. Referring to previous reports and the research results in the present work, expression patterns of AP3 and PI homologs are not the same in different angiosperms possessing diverse floral structures. It suggests that the alterations in expression may contribute to the changing morphology of flowers. To further determine the relationship between IiAP3 and IiPI, the coding sequences of the different structural regions in these two proteins were swapped with each other, and the data collected from transgenic Arabidopsis plants of the chimeric constructs suggested that MADS domain was irreplaceable for the function of IiAP3, K domain of IiAP3 was involved in specifying the identity of stamens, K domain of IiPI was mainly related to the formation of petals, and C-terminal region of IiPI was involved in characterization of stamens. In addition, a complete KC region of these two proteins was more effective in phenotypic complementation of the mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ye Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Tan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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You W, Chen X, Zeng L, Ma Z, Liu Z. Characterization of PISTILLATA-like Genes and Their Promoters from the Distyly Fagopyrum esculentum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1047. [PMID: 35448776 PMCID: PMC9032694 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis PISTILLATA (PI) encodes B-class MADS-box transcription factor (TF), and works together with APETALA3 (AP3) to specify petal and stamen identity. However, a small-scale gene duplication event of PI ortholog was observed in common buckwheat and resulted in FaesPI_1 and FaesPI_2. FaesPI_1 and FaesPI_2 were expressed only in the stamen of dimorphic flower (thrum and pin) of Fagopyrum esculentum. Moreover, intense beta-glucuronidase (GUS) staining was found in the entire stamen (filament and anther) in pFaesPI_1::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis, while GUS was expressed only in the filament of pFaesPI_2::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis. In addition, phenotype complementation analysis suggested that pFaesPI_1::FaesPI_1/pFaesPI_2::FaesPI_2 transgenic pi-1 Arabidopsis showed similar a flower structure with stamen-like organs or filament-like organs in the third whorl. This suggested that FaesPI_2 only specified filament development, but FaesPI_1 specified stamen development. Meanwhile, FaesPI_1 and FaesPI_2 were shown to function redundantly in regulating filament development, and both genes work together to require a proper stamen identity. The data also provide a clue to understanding the roles of PI-like genes involved in floral organ development during the early evolution of core eudicots and also suggested that FaesPI_1 and FaesPI_2 hold the potential application in bioengineering to develop a common buckwheat male sterile line.
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Gao M, Jiang W, Lin Z, Lin Q, Ye Q, Wang W, Xie Q, He X, Luo C, Chen Q. SMRT and Illumina RNA-Seq Identifies Potential Candidate Genes Related to the Double Flower Phenotype and Unveils SsAP2 as a Key Regulator of the Double-Flower Trait in Sagittaria sagittifolia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042240. [PMID: 35216356 PMCID: PMC8875719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Double flowers are one of the important objectives of ornamental plant breeding. Sagittaria sagittifolia is an aquatic herb in the Alismataceae family that is widely used as an ornamental plant in gardens. However, the reference genome has not been published, and the molecular regulatory mechanism of flower formation remains unclear. In this study, single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology combined with Illumina RNA-Seq was used to perform a more comprehensive analysis of S. sagittifolia for the first time. We obtained high-quality full-length transcripts, including 53,422 complete open reading frames, and identified 5980 transcription factors that belonged to 67 families, with many MADS-box genes involved in flower formation being obtained. The transcription factors regulated by plant hormone signals played an important role in the development of double flowers. We also identified an AP2 orthologous gene, SsAP2, with a deletion of the binding site for miR172, that overexpressed SsAP2 in S. sagittifolia and exhibited a delayed flowering time and an increased number of petals. This study is the first report of a full-length transcriptome of S. sagittifolia. These reference transcripts will be valuable resources for the analysis of gene structures and sequences, which provide a theoretical basis for the molecular regulatory mechanism governing the formation of double flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Gao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (W.J.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Wen Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (W.J.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (W.J.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (W.J.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qinghua Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qian Xie
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
| | - Xinhua He
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Cong Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Qingxi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (Q.Y.); (W.W.); (Q.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0771-324-3484
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Cai Y, Wang L, Ogutu CO, Yang Q, Luo B, Liao L, Zheng B, Zhang R, Han Y. The MADS-box gene PpPI is a key regulator of the double-flower trait in peach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2119-2129. [PMID: 34537956 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Double flower is an invaluable trait in ornamental peach, but the mechanism underlying its development remains largely unknown. Here, we report the roles of ABCE model genes in double flower development in peach. A total of nine ABCE regulatory genes, including eight MADS-box genes and one AP2/EREBP gene, were identified in the peach genome. Subcellular localization assay showed that all the ABCE proteins were localized in the nucleus. Four genes, PpAP1, PpAP3, PpSEP3, and PpPI, showed a difference in expression levels between single and double flowers. Ectopic overexpression of PpPI increased petal number in Arabidopsis, while transgenic lines overexpressing PpAP3 or PpSEP3 were morphologically similar to wild-type. Ectopic overexpression of PpAP1 resulted in a significant decrease in the number of basal leaves and caused early flowering. These results suggest that PpPI is likely crucial for double flower development in peach. In addition, double flowers have petaloid sepals and stamens, and single flower could occasionally change to be double flower by converting stamens to petals in peach, suggesting that the double-flower trait is likely to have evolved from an ancestral single-flower structure. Our results provide new insights into mechanisms underlying the double-flower trait in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Collins Otieno Ogutu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiurui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binwen Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liao Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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