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McLaughlin CM, Li M, Perryman M, Heymans A, Schneider H, Lasky JR, Sawers RJH. Evidence that variation in root anatomy contributes to local adaptation in Mexican native maize. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13673. [PMID: 38468714 PMCID: PMC10925829 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mexican native maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is adapted to a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions. Here, we focus specifically on the potential role of root anatomical variation in this adaptation. Given the investment required to characterize root anatomy, we present a machine-learning approach using environmental descriptors to project trait variation from a relatively small training panel onto a larger panel of genotyped and georeferenced Mexican maize accessions. The resulting models defined potential biologically relevant clines across a complex environment that we used subsequently for genotype-environment association. We found evidence of systematic variation in maize root anatomy across Mexico, notably a prevalence of trait combinations favoring a reduction in axial hydraulic conductance in varieties sourced from cooler, drier highland areas. We discuss our results in the context of previously described water-banking strategies and present candidate genes that are associated with both root anatomical and environmental variation. Our strategy is a refinement of standard environmental genome-wide association analysis that is applicable whenever a training set of georeferenced phenotypic data is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloee M. McLaughlin
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Melanie Perryman
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Adrien Heymans
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
- Earth and Life InstituteUC LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Hannah Schneider
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyLeibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
| | - Jesse R. Lasky
- Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruairidh J. H. Sawers
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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Tian J, Zhang J, Francis F. The role and pathway of VQ family in plant growth, immunity, and stress response. PLANTA 2023; 259:16. [PMID: 38078967 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review provides a detailed description of the function and mechanism of VQ family gene, which is helpful for further research and application of VQ gene resources to improve crops. Valine-glutamine (VQ) motif-containing proteins are a large class of transcriptional regulatory cofactors. VQ proteins have their own unique molecular characteristics. Amino acids are highly conserved only in the VQ domain, while other positions vary greatly. Most VQ genes do not contain introns and the length of their proteins is less than 300 amino acids. A majority of VQ proteins are predicted to be localized in the nucleus. The promoter of many VQ genes contains stress or growth related elements. Segment duplication and tandem duplication are the main amplification mechanisms of the VQ gene family in angiosperms and gymnosperms, respectively. Purification selection plays a crucial role in the evolution of many VQ genes. By interacting with WRKY, MAPK, and other proteins, VQ proteins participate in the multiple signaling pathways to regulate plant growth and development, as well as defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although there have been some reports on the VQ gene family in plants, most of them only identify family members, with little functional verification, and there is also a lack of complete, detailed, and up-to-date review of research progress. Here, we comprehensively summarized the research progress of VQ genes that have been published so far, mainly including their molecular characteristics, biological functions, importance of VQ motif, and working mechanisms. Finally, the regulatory network and model of VQ genes were drawn, a precise molecular breeding strategy based on VQ genes was proposed, and the current problems and future prospects were pointed out, providing a powerful reference for further research and utilization of VQ genes in plant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Tian
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
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Gayubas B, Castillo MC, Ramos S, León J. Enhanced meristem development, tolerance to oxidative stress and hyposensitivity to nitric oxide in the hypermorphic vq10-H mutant in AtVQ10 gene. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3445-3463. [PMID: 37565511 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen are common factors in multiple plant responses to stress, and their involvement in hypoxia-triggered responses is key to ensure growth under adverse environmental conditions. Here, we analyse the regulatory functions exerted by hypoxia-, NO- and oxidative stress-inducible Arabidopsis gene coding for the VQ motif-containing protein 10 (VQ10). A hypermorphic vq10-H mutant allowed identifying VQ10-exerted regulation on root and shoot development as well as its role in regulating responses to NO and oxidative stress. Enhanced VQ10 expression in vq10-H plants led to enhanced elongation of the primary root, and increased root cell division and meristem size during early postgermination development. In shoots, VQ10 activation of cell division was counteracted by WRKY33-exerted repression, thus leading to a dwarf bushy phenotype in plants with enhanced VQ10 expression in a wrky33 knock-out background. Low number of differentially expressed genes were identified when vq10-H versus Col-0 plants were compared either under normoxia or hypoxia. vq10-H and VQ10ox plants displayed less tolerance to submergence but, in turn, were more tolerant to oxidative stress and less sensitive to NO than wild-type plants. VQ10 could be a node integrating redox-related regulation on development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gayubas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari-Cruz Castillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Ramos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
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4
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Yan X, Luo R, Liu X, Hou Z, Pei W, Zhu W, Cui H. Characterization and the comprehensive expression analysis of tobacco valine-glutamine genes in response to trichomes development and stress tolerance. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2023; 64:18. [PMID: 37423918 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Valine-glutamine genes (VQ) acted as transcription regulators and played the important roles in plant growth and development, and stress tolerance through interacting with transcription factors and other co-regulators. In this study, sixty-one VQ genes containing the FxxxVQxxTG motif were identified and updated in the Nicotiana tobacum genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NtVQ genes were divided into seven groups and genes of each group had highly conserved exon-intron structure. Expression patterns analysis firstly showed that NtVQ genes expressed individually in different tobacco tissues including mixed-trichome (mT), glandular-trichome (gT), and nonglandular-trichome (nT), and the expression levels were also distinguishing in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), gibberellic acid (GA), ethylene (ETH), high salinity and PEG stresses. Besides, only NtVQ17 of its gene family was verified to have acquired autoactivating activity. This work will not only lead a foundation on revealing the functions of NtVQ genes in tobacco trichomes but also provided references to VQ genes related stress tolerance research in more crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yan
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Rui Luo
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zihang Hou
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenyi Pei
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hong Cui
- National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, China.
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Liu M, Li C, Li Y, An Y, Ruan X, Guo Y, Dong X, Ruan Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the VQ Motif-Containing Gene Family Based on Their Evolution and Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stress and Hormone Treatments in Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051032. [PMID: 37239391 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Valine-glutamine (VQ) motif-containing proteins are transcriptional regulatory cofactors that play critical roles in plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information on the VQ gene family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is currently limited. In this study, a total of 32 SiVQ genes were identified in foxtail millet and classified into seven groups (I-VII), based on the constructed phylogenetic relationships; the protein-conserved motif showed high similarity within each group. Gene structure analysis showed that most SiVQs had no introns. Whole-genome duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of the SiVQ gene family. The cis-element analysis demonstrated that growth and development, stress response, and hormone-response-related cis-elements were all widely distributed in the promoters of the SiVQs. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the expression of most SiVQ genes was induced by abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments, and seven SiVQ genes showed significant upregulation under both abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments. A potential interaction network between SiVQs and SiWRKYs was predicted. This research provides a basis to further investigate the molecular function of VQs in plant growth and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuntong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yingtai An
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ruan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yicheng Guo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Zhang L, Wang K, Han Y, Yan L, Zheng Y, Bi Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Min D. Genome-wide analysis of the VQ motif-containing gene family and expression profiles during phytohormones and abiotic stresses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:292. [PMID: 35410124 PMCID: PMC8996428 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VQ motif-containing (VQ) proteins are cofactors of transcriptional regulation that are widely involved in plant growth and development and respond to various stresses. The VQ gene family has been identified and characterized for many plants, but there is little research on VQ gene family proteins in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). RESULTS In this study, 113 TaVQ genes (40 homoeologous groups) were identified in the wheat genome. TaVQ proteins all contain the conserved motif FxxhVQxhTG, and most of the TaVQ genes do not contain introns. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that TaVQ proteins can be divided into 8 subgroups (I-VIII). The chromosomal location mapping analysis indicated that TaVQ genes are disproportionally distributed on 21 wheat chromosomes. Gene duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplication significantly contributes to the expansion of the TaVQ gene family. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the expression pattern of TaVQ genes varies in different tissues. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) found that TaVQ genes displayed different expression levels under different phytohormones and abiotic stresses. The cis-elements analysis of the promoter region demonstrated that stress responses, hormone responses, growth and development, and WRKY binding elements are all widely distributed. Additionally, a potential regulatory network between TaVQ proteins and WRKY transcription factors was visualized. CONCLUSION This study systematically analyzed the wheat TaVQ gene family, providing a reference for further functional characterization of TaVQ genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Keke Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Yuxuan Han
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Luyu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Donghong Min
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China.
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Lan X, Wang X, Tao Q, Zhang H, Li J, Meng Y, Shan W. Activation of the VQ Motif-Containing Protein Gene VQ28 Compromised Nonhost Resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to Phytophthora Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070858. [PMID: 35406838 PMCID: PMC9002740 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonhost resistance refers to resistance of a plant species to all genetic variants of a non-adapted pathogen. Such resistance has the potential to become broad-spectrum and durable crop disease resistance. We previously employed Arabidopsis thaliana and a forward genetics approach to identify plant mutants susceptible to the nonhost pathogen Phytophthora sojae, which resulted in identification of the T-DNA insertion mutant esp1 (enhanced susceptibility to Phytophthora). In this study, we report the identification of VQ motif-containing protein 28 (VQ28), whose expression was highly up-regulated in the mutant esp1. Stable transgenic A. thaliana plants constitutively overexpressing VQ28 compromised nonhost resistance (NHR) against P. sojae and P. infestans, and supported increased infection of P. parasitica. Transcriptomic analysis showed that overexpression of VQ28 resulted in six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are involved in the response to abscisic acid (ABA). High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) detection showed that the contents of endogenous ABA, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonate (JA) were enriched in VQ28 overexpression lines. These findings suggest that overexpression of VQ28 may lead to an imbalance in plant hormone homeostasis. Furthermore, transient overexpression of VQ28 in Nicotiana benthamiana rendered plants more susceptible to Phytophthora pathogens. Deletion mutant analysis showed that the C-terminus and VQ-motif were essential for plant susceptibility. Taken together, our results suggest that VQ28 negatively regulates plant NHR to Phytophthora pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (Q.T.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.M.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (Q.T.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.M.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Quandan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (Q.T.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.M.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (Q.T.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.M.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (Q.T.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.M.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (Q.T.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.M.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (Q.T.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.M.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Uaciquete A, Ferreira NA, Lehnert K, Vetter W, Sus N, Stuetz W. Effect of two postharvest technologies on the micronutrient profile of cashew kernels from Mozambique. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:179-190. [PMID: 35035920 PMCID: PMC8751438 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The economics involved in processing cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale) might alter micronutrient profiles and concentrations. We analyzed and evaluated carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids in (1) cashew kernels with testa recovered from nuts dried with and without the apple, and (2) testa-free industrial grade baby butts, splits, and white whole kernels using HPLC, ICP-OES, and GC-MS techniques. The results indicated that drying cashews with the respective apple slightly decreased the concentration of some carotenoids and total fatty and amino acids, but increased the concentration of iron, magnesium, and total tocotrienols compared with the conventionally (sun-) dried kernels. We also found high concentrations of carotenoids in the testa-containing kernels. Among the industrially processed kernel, baby butt grade was associated with lower content of β-carotene, total tocopherols, and tocotrienols, but with significantly higher concentrations in minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids than in white wholes and split grades. Conventional sun drying of cashew nuts revealed results similar to drying with apples regarding micronutrient concentrations. The high micronutrient content of industrial grade BB is reflected in widespread human consumption and better market value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Americo Uaciquete
- Instituto de Investigação Agraria de Mozambique IIAMCentro Zonal NordestePosto Agronómico de NampulaNampulaMozambique
| | - Neid Ali Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação Agraria de Mozambique IIAMCentro Zonal NordestePosto Agronómico de NampulaNampulaMozambique
| | - Katja Lehnert
- Institute of Food ChemistryUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food ChemistryUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Nadine Sus
- Institute of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Wolfgang Stuetz
- Institute of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
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